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System that relates geologic strata to time
The geologic time scale or geological time scale describes how geologic time is divided into standardised intervals. It uses the rock record together with
Geologic_time_scale
System of dividing geologic time in New Zealand
geologic time scale, many nations–especially those with isolated and therefore non-standard prehistories–use their own systems of dividing geologic time
New Zealand geologic time scale
New_Zealand_geologic_time_scale
Geological dating system of the Moon
portal Crater counting Geology of the Moon Geologic time scale (Earth) Impact crater Late Heavy Bombardment Don Wilhelms (1987). Geologic History of the Moon
Lunar_geologic_timescale
Entirety of the layers of rock strata
particular geographic region or regions. The geologic record is in no one place entirely complete for where geologic forces one age provide a low-lying region
Geologic_record
traditional three. The dates for each age can vary by region. On the geologic time scale, the Holocene epoch starts at the end of the last glacial period
List_of_time_periods
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up time scale in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Time scale may refer to: Time standard, a specification of either the rate at which time passes
Time_scale
History of Earth 4600–539 million years ago
stratigraphy. Ediacaran: The youngest geologic period within the Neoproterozoic Era. The "2012 Geologic Time Scale" dates it from 538.8 to 635 Ma. In this
Precambrian
The geological history of Earth follows the major geological events in Earth's past based on the geologic time scale, a system of chronological measurement
Geological_history_of_Earth
First subperiod of the Carboniferous Period
Carboniferous or Early Carboniferous, is a subperiod in the geologic timescale or a subsystem of the geologic record. It is the earlier of two subperiods of the
Mississippian_(geology)
Study of the geological history of Earth
geologic time scale. During the 17th century, Nicolas Steno was the first to observe and propose a number of basic principles of historical geology,
Historical_geology
Former term for the geologic period from 65 million to 2.58 million years ago
century. He classified geologic time into primitive (or primary), secondary, and tertiary periods based on observations of geology in Northern Italy. Later
Tertiary_period
Branch of stratigraphy
geologic time, as represented in geologic time scales. A geologic time scale is a scheme that integrates the geochronologic subdivisions of geologic time
Geochronometry
Second subperiod of the Carboniferous
known as Upper Carboniferous or Late Carboniferous) is, on the ICS geologic time scale, the younger of two subperiods of the Carboniferous Period (or the
Pennsylvanian_(geology)
Proposed era of the Hadean eon
The Chaotian is a proposed time division of the geologic time scale. First proposed in 2010 as an eon, it is named after Chaos, the primeval void in Greek
Chaotian_(geology)
Scientific study of Earth's physical composition
Glossary of geological terms Lists of geological features of the Solar System Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time List of compounds –
Outline_of_geology
Comparison of a wide range of timescales
as well as their equivalent in common time units of minutes, hours, days, and Julian years. Geologic time scale International System of Units Orders of
Orders_of_magnitude_(time)
Geologic eon, 2500–539 million years ago
four geologic eons of Earth's history, spanning the time interval from 2500 to 538.8 Ma, and is the longest eon of Earth's geologic time scale. It is
Proterozoic
Second era of the Proterozoic Eon
International Geologic Time Scale". Lethaia. 37 (2): 183–199. doi:10.1080/00241160410006492. Gradstein, F.M.; et al., eds. (2012). The Geologic Time Scale 2012
Mesoproterozoic
Second period of the Paleoproterozoic Era
James G. Ogg (2004). "Status on Divisions of the International Geologic Time Scale". Lethaia. 37 (2): 183–199. doi:10.1080/00241160410006492. Kopp;
Rhyacian
Theoretical refilling of the Mediterranean Sea between the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs
marks the beginning of the Zanclean age, the earliest age on the geologic time scale of the Pliocene. According to this model, water from the Atlantic
Zanclean_flood
Earliest age on the geologic time scale of the Pliocene era
Zanclean is the lowest stage or earliest age on the geologic time scale of the Pliocene. It spans the time between 5.332 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago) and
Zanclean
Naturally occurring mineral aggregate
material) Rocks as a building material Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time Geomorphology – Scientific study of landforms History
Rock_(geology)
Unit of time
cosmic and geological time periods together. By contrast, a "billion-year" scale does not allow for useful discrimination between geologic events, and
Galactic_year
Fourth and current eon of the geological timescale
is the current and the latest of the four geologic eons in the Earth's geologic time scale, covering the time period from 538.8 ± 0.6 million years ago
Phanerozoic
Second age of the Oligocene Epoch
A Geological Time Scale 1989, Cambridge University Press, 1982. pp 64. ISBN 0-521-38361-7 Berry, Edward W. "The Mayence Basin, a Chapter of Geologic History"
Chattian
Topics referred to by the same term
electronic musician Edgar Froese The geologic time scale, a system of chronological measurement that relates stratigraphy to time Arnold Ages (1935-2020), Canadian
Ages
Geologic eon, 4567–4031 million years ago
Toward a 'natural' Precambrian time scale". In Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Smith, Alan G. (eds.). A Geologic Time Scale. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University
Hadean
Records of Earth's development
the geologic time scale, which is split into intervals based on stratigraphic analysis. The following five timelines show the geologic time scale to scale
History_of_Earth
Visible exposure of bedrock or ancient superficial deposits on the surface of the Earth
outcrop surface Geological formation – Fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time List of rock
Outcrop
Precambrian A non-standard geologic time period immediately preceding the Phanerozoic Eon, divided into several eons of the geologic time scale. It spans from the
Glossary_of_geology
the early 1840s much of the geologic time scale had been developed. In 1841, John Phillips formally divided the geologic column into three major eras
History_of_paleontology
Third and last era of the Proterozoic Eon
(2008). The Concise Geologic Time Scale. Cambridge University Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-521-89849-2. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Names Committee (March
Neoproterozoic
Topics referred to by the same term
Calabria Calabrian (stage), a stratigraphic stage or subdivision in the geologic time scale, part of the Pleistocene Calabrian wine Calabrese (disambiguation)
Calabrian
Study of past life through fossils
Following the ongoing study of geology, geologic formations, and the establishment of geochronology, the geologic time scale was created to separate and
Paleontology
Subdivision of the Pleistocene Epoch
Calabrian is a subdivision of the Pleistocene Epoch of the geologic time scale, defined as 1.8 Ma—774,000 years ago ± 5,000 years, a period of ~1.026
Calabrian_stage
Geologic age of the late Miocene
The Tortonian is in the geologic time scale an age or stage of the late Miocene that spans the time between 11.608 ± 0.005 Ma and 7.246 ± 0.005 Ma (million
Tortonian
Geological system and early time period of Mars
Hesperian, and Amazonian. Geologic units lying below (older than) the Noachian are informally designated Pre-Noachian. The geologic time (geochronologic) equivalent
Pre-Noachian
Third period of the Paleoproterozoic Era
OCLC 4130038. S2CID 126954461. Gradstein, F.M.; et al., eds. (2012). The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Vol. 1. Elsevier. pp. 361–365. ISBN 978-0-44-459390-0. Zhao
Orosirian
Measurement unit for time
www.collinsdictionary.com. 2025-11-17. Retrieved 2025-11-18. "Geologic Time Scale - Geology (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2025-11-18
Unit_of_time
Third stage of the Holocene epoch
the geologic time scale associated with dramatic climate changes with implications on human civilisation," the International Union of Geological Sciences
Meghalayan
Third Age of the Eocene Epoch
Stratigraphy's (ICS) geologic time scale, a stage or age in the middle of the Eocene Epoch or Series. The Bartonian Age spans the time between 41.03 and
Bartonian
Earliest subdivision of the Quaternary Period
2009 it was moved from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene so that the geologic time scale would be more consistent with the key changes in Earth's climate
Gelasian
Geologic age in the Late Cretaceous
Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G.; Smith, A.G., eds. (2004). A geologic time scale 2004. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-78142-8
Campanian
Occurrence in Earth's history recorded in geological strata
define the boundaries between periods, epochs and other units of the geologic time scale, complex dynamic diachronous changes are inherent to the event-stratigraphy
Geological_event
Seventh and final stage of the Carboniferous
The Gzhelian (/ˈʒɛli.ən/ ZHELL-ee-ən) is an age in the ICS geologic time scale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest stage of the
Gzhelian
Lunar geologic period
Earth, the Moon's geologic activity was coming to an end. Wilhelms, Don E.; McCauley, John F.; Trask, Newell J. (1987). "The geologic history of the Moon"
Copernican_period
Scientific dating of the Earth
Palmer, Allison R (1983). "The Decade of North American Geology 1983 Geologic Time Scale". Geology. 11 (9): 503–504. Bibcode:1983Geo....11..503P. doi:10
Age_of_Earth
Japanese earthquake measurements
Meteorological Agency (JMA) Seismic Intensity Scale (known in Japan as the Shindo (震度) seismic scale) is a seismic intensity scale used in Japan to categorize the intensity
Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale
Japan_Meteorological_Agency_seismic_intensity_scale
Scientific study of Earth's physical composition
often known as Quaternary geology, after the Quaternary period of geologic history, which is the most recent period of geologic time. In the 1960s, it was
Geology
Fourth period of the Paleozoic Era
exposed Devonian fossil beds in the world. Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time List of Early Devonian land plants List of
Devonian
Third and last period of the Neoproterozoic Era
Nicholas (March 2006). "The Ediacaran Period: a new addition to the geologic time scale" (PDF). Lethaia. 39 (1). Taylor & Francis: 13–30. doi:10.1080/00241160500409223
Ediacaran
Third and current era of the Phanerozoic Eon
Smith, David G.; Smith, Alan G. (1990). "The Chronostratic Scale". A Geologic Time Scale 1989. Cambridge, England, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Cenozoic
Proposed geologic epoch
in the Geologic Time Scale. The IUGS statement on the rejection concluded: "Despite its rejection as a formal unit of the Geologic Time Scale, Anthropocene
Anthropocene
Third and current period of the Cenozoic Era, from 2.58 million years ago to the present
and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), as well as
Quaternary
Boundary of a stage on the geologic time scale
Stratigraphic Ages" (GSSAs). Body plan MN zonation Fauna Geologic time scale New Zealand geologic time scale North American land mammal age Type locality "International
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Section_and_Point
Sudden warming of the planet on a geologic time scale
hyperthermal event corresponds to a sudden warming of the planet on a geologic time scale. The consequences of this type of event are the subject of numerous
Hyperthermal_event
Canadian Geologist
instrumental in founding the Geologic Time Scale Foundation. For his fundamental work concerning the Geologic Time Scale, geochronology in general, quantitative
Felix_M._Gradstein
Geologic eon, 4031–2500 million years ago
the universe Earliest known life forms Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time Geological history of oxygen History of Earth –
Archean
Era of Mars' geologic history
Hesperian, and Amazonian. Geologic units lying below (older than) the Noachian are informally designated Pre-Noachian. The geologic time (geochronologic) equivalent
Hesperian
Second geologic period in the Cenozoic Era
The Neogene (/ˈniː.ədʒiːn/ NEE-ə-jeen) is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period 23.04 Ma (million
Neogene
Period in Earth's history
to the end of the Eoarchean era at approximately 3.5 Gya. On the geologic time scale, this comprises all of the Hadean eon and approximately one-third
Early_Earth
First geological period of the Paleozoic Era
S.C.; Babcock, L.E.; Ahlberg, P. (2020). "The Cambrian Period". Geologic Time Scale 2020. pp. 565–629. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824360-2.00019-x. ISBN 978-0-12-824360-2
Cambrian
First era of the Phanerozoic Eon
Palaeozoic's relatively low biodiversity. Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time Precambrian – History of Earth 4600–539 million
Paleozoic
Level at which a phenomenon occurs or is described
E.g. orogeny operates at a much larger scale than the formation of a river pothole does. Geologic time scale Modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) Modifiable
Scale_(geography)
Second stage of the Holocene epoch
In the geologic time scale, the Northgrippian is the middle of three ages or stages of the Holocene Epoch or Series. It was officially ratified by the
Northgrippian
Analogy to communicate geologic time
The Geologic Calendar is a scale in which the geological timespan of the Earth is mapped onto a calendrical year; that is to say, the day one of the Earth
Geologic_Calendar
The term geon (for geological eon) refers to large, geologic units of time. Geologists traditionally subdivide Earth history into a hierarchy of named
Geon_(geology)
Fourth age of the Late Cretaceous epoch
Geologic Time Scale 2020. Elsevier. p. 1038. ISBN 978-0-12-824360-2. Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G.; Schmitz, M.D.; Ogg, G.M., eds. (2020). Geologic Time
Santonian
Diagram used in geology to show the vertical sequence of rock units
the order and relative position of geologic strata and their relationship to the geologic time scale. The relative time sequencing requires the analysis
Stratigraphic_column
Second era of the Phanerozoic Eon
Ogg J, Smith A (2005). Gradstein FM, Ogg JG, Smith AG (eds.). A Geologic Time Scale 2004. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511536045.
Mesozoic
American scientist (1912 – 1991)
California, Santa Barbara. He was best known for his work on the geologic time scale and the origin of life on Earth, and as a pioneering ecologist and
Preston_Cloud
Sixth and last period of the Paleozoic Era
of Geology, volume 2. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 213. ISBN 0-12-636380-3. Ogg, J.G.; Ogg, G.; Gradstein, F.M. (2016). A Concise Geologic Time Scale: 2016
Permian
Ice age of the last 34 million years, in particular in Antarctica
7 thousand years after the end of last glacial maximum "2023/09 Geologic Time Scale". International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 2024-08-22
Late_Cenozoic_Ice_Age
Technique used to date materials such as rocks or carbon
radiometric dating methods are used in geochronology to establish the geologic time scale. Among the best-known techniques are radiocarbon dating, potassium–argon
Radiometric_dating
First age of the Holocene epoch
In the geologic time scale, the Greenlandian is the earliest age or lowest stage of the Holocene Epoch or Series, part of the Quaternary. Beginning in
Greenlandian
First period of the Mesozoic Era
rather than the Triassic. Geology portal Paleontology portal Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time List of fossil sites (with
Triassic
Arkansas Dinosaur "Arkansaurus fridayi". Arkansas Geologic Survey. 2007. "A Brief Summary of the Geologic History of Ohio". GeoFacts. Number 23. Ohio Department
Geological history of North America
Geological_history_of_North_America
Latest age of the Pliocene
Piacenzian is in the international geologic time scale the upper stage or latest age of the Pliocene. It spans the time between 3.6 ± 0.005 Ma and 2.58 Ma
Piacenzian
Pseudoscientific attempt to reconcile geology with the Genesis flood narrative
of time credited to the geologic column, which they ascribe to be about one year. Some flood geologists dispute geology's assembled global geologic column
Flood_geology
Increase in taxonomic diversity or morphological disparity
significantly large and diverse radiation within a relatively short geologic time scale (e.g. a period or epoch) is often referred to as an explosion. Radiations
Evolutionary_radiation
English geologist (1800–1874)
was an English geologist. In 1841 he published the first global geologic time scale based on the correlation of fossils in rock strata, thereby helping
John_Phillips_(geologist)
Research group studying the Anthropocene
ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) as an epoch within the Geologic time scale. Prior to the establishment of the Anthropocene
Anthropocene_Working_Group
Alphabetical listing of Wikipedia articles on Geology topics
to geology – Scientific study of Earth's physical composition that cannot be readily placed on the following subtopic pages: Geologic time scale – System
Index_of_geology_articles
Total strata deposited during a geologic era
Neogene Geologic time scale New Zealand geologic time scale North American Land Mammal Age Fauna (animals) Type locality List of GSSPs "Rockman's Geologic Time
Erathem
Study of rock layers and their formation
evidence for the formation (speciation) and extinction of species. The geologic time scale was developed during the 19th century, based on the evidence of biologic
Stratigraphy
Third period of the Paleozoic Era
The Silurian (/sɪˈljʊəri.ən, saɪ-/ sih-LURE-ee-ən, sy-) is a geologic period and system spanning 23.5 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period
Silurian
Latest age of the Triassic Period
implications for the Triassic time scale, Episodes 28(4), pp. 233–244. Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University
Rhaetian
Third and final epoch of the Triassic Period
the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded
Late_Triassic
Ninth and last stage of the Permian
In the geologic time scale, the Changhsingian or Changxingian is the latest age or uppermost stage of the Permian period and the Paleozoic era as a whole
Changhsingian
Very long term changes in Earth's temperature
The geologic temperature record are changes in Earth's environment as determined from geologic evidence on multi-million to billion (109) year time scales
Geologic_temperature_record
Device to measure the passage of time
sandglass, sand timer, or sand clock) is a device used to measure the passage of time. It comprises two glass bulbs connected vertically by a narrow neck that
Hourglass
Events displayed in chronological order
astronomy, biology, chemistry, and geology: 2009 swine flu pandemic timeline Chronology of the universe Geologic time scale Timeline of the evolutionary history
Timeline
Third division (unofficial) of the Pleistocene Epoch
as the time between c. 129,000 and c. 11,700 years ago. The late Pleistocene equates to the proposed Tarantian Age of the geologic time scale, preceded
Late_Pleistocene
Third and last period of the Mesozoic Era
165. Ogg, J.G.; Hinnov, L.A.; Huang, C. (2012). "Cretaceous". The Geologic Time Scale. pp. 793–853. doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.00027-5. ISBN 978-0-444-59425-9
Cretaceous
First age of the early Cretaceous
International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes 36: 199–204. A Geologic Time Scale 1989 by Walter Brian Harland Hopson et al. 2009 A stratigraphical
Berriasian
First period of the Neoproterozoic Era
; Ogg, James G.; Schmitz, Mark D.; Ogg, Gabi M. (January 2020). Geologic Time Scale 2020 - The Tonian and Cryogenian Periods. Candice Janco. pp. 495–519
Tonian
Ancient Greek concept
in geology, cosmology and astronomy), its more common usage is for any long, indefinite period. Aeon can also refer to the four aeons on the geologic time
Aeon
sections of rock which define the lower boundaries of stages on the geologic time scale. They are selected by the International Commission on Stratigraphy
List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points
List_of_Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Sections_and_Points
Second period of the Neoproterozoic Era, with major glaciation
meaning 'cold' and γένεσις, romanized: génesis, meaning 'birth') is a geologic period that lasted from 720 to 635 million years ago. It is the second
Cryogenian
Group of late Mesozoic formations in the Central Valley of California
(12 km)-thick group of related geologic formations that are Late Jurassic through Cretaceous in age (150–65 Ma) on the geologic time scale. These sedimentary rocks
Great_Valley_Sequence
GEOLOGIC TIME-SCALE
GEOLOGIC TIME-SCALE
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Without flaw.
Girl/Female
African, Arabic, French, Romanian, Russian
Goodness; Nice
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant of Timms.
Girl/Female
African, Australian, Swahili
Full of Happiness
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a lime burner or for a whitewasher, from Old English līm ‘lime’.
Male
Greek
(Τίμω) Short form of Greek Timon, TIMO means "honor." Compare with another form of Timo.
Male
English
Short form of English Timothy, TIMO means "to honor God." Compare with other forms of Timo.
Surname or Lastname
English (Northamptonshire)
English (Northamptonshire) : from the Old French form of the Latin personal name Titus. Compare Tito.French : from the Germanic personal name Tito, derived from theudo ‘people’, ‘race’.
Boy/Male
Spanish
one who honors God.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably from an otherwise unrecorded Old English personal name, cognate with the attested Continental Germanic form Timmo. This is of uncertain origin, perhaps a short form of Dietmar. The personal name Timothy was not in use in England until Tudor times, and is therefore not a likely source of this surname, which is medieval in origin.North German and Dutch : from a short form of the medieval personal name Dietmar.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from the personal name Timm.
Boy/Male
French, German, Latin
Much Loved
Girl/Female
Danish, Dutch, German, Latin
War-like; Female Version of Martin; Follower of Christ
Biblical
headdress
Surname or Lastname
Italian (Sicily; Tinè)
Italian (Sicily; Tinè) : most probably an occupational name for a comb maker, from a reduced form of medieval Greek kteneas, from ktenion ‘comb’ + the occupational suffix -eas.English (mainly Yorkshire) : variant of Tyne.Perhaps also an Americanized spelling of German Thein.
Male
English
Short form of English Timothy, TIM means "to honor God."
Surname or Lastname
Cambodian
Cambodian : unexplained.English : variant of Timm.
Female
Greek
(Τίμω) Feminine form of Greek Timon, TIMO means "honor." Compare with masculine Timo.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a female name Tezia, Teucia, Tietsa, pet forms of Continental Germanic compound names formed with the unattested element þēudo ‘people’, ‘race’.Americanized spelling of German Theiss or possibly Theus.Possibly an altered spelling of Dutch Tijs, from a short form of Matthijs, Dutch form of Matthew.
Male
Finnish
Short form of Finnish Timofei, TIMO means "to honor God." Compare with other forms of Timo.
GEOLOGIC TIME-SCALE
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imp. & p. p.
of Time
pl.
of Geology
v. i.
To pass time; to delay.
n.
The science which treats: (a) Of the structure and mineral constitution of the globe; structural geology. (b) Of its history as regards rocks, minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, climates, life, etc.; historical geology. (c) Of the causes and methods by which its structure, features, changes, and conditions have been produced; dynamical geology. See Chart of The Geological Series.
pl.
of Time
v. t.
To regulate as to time; to accompany, or agree with, in time of movement.
n.
A proper time; a season; an opportunity.
a.
Done at an improper time; ill-timed.
n.
The period at which any definite event occurred, or person lived; age; period; era; as, the Spanish Armada was destroyed in the time of Queen Elizabeth; -- often in the plural; as, ancient times; modern times.
n.
Alt. of Geologian
prep.
Time; period; season.
a.
Of or pertaining to geology, or the science of the earth.
v. i.
To study geology or make geological investigations in the field; to discourse as a geologist.
n.
The measured duration of sounds; measure; tempo; rate of movement; rhythmical division; as, common or triple time; the musician keeps good time.
v. t.
To ascertain or record the time, duration, or rate of; as, to time the speed of horses, or hours for workmen.
a.
Alt. of Geological
n.
One versed in the science of geology.
n.
A geologist.
v. t.
To appoint the time for; to bring, begin, or perform at the proper season or time; as, he timed his appearance rightly.
v. i.
To keep or beat time; to proceed or move in time.