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Seventh and final stage of the Carboniferous
The Gzhelian (/ˈʒɛli.ən/ ZHELL-ee-ən) is an age in the ICS geologic time scale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest stage of the
Gzhelian
Fifth period of the Paleozoic Era
Carboniferous, and the Upper Carboniferous was divided into the Moscovian and Gzhelian. The Bashkirian was added in 1934. In 1975, the ICS formally ratified the
Carboniferous
Extinct genus of eurypterid
Megarachne have been discovered in deposits of Late Carboniferous age, from the Gzhelian stage, in the Bajo de Véliz Formation of San Luis, Argentina. The fossils
Megarachne
Second subperiod of the Carboniferous
subdivision into four stages: Bashkirian (oldest) Moscovian Kasimovian Gzhelian (youngest) North American subdivision is into five stages, but not precisely
Pennsylvanian_(geology)
First stage of the Permian
between 298.9 and 293.52 million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Gzhelian (the latest or uppermost subdivision in the Carboniferous) and followed
Asselian
Extinct family of reptiles
herbivorous, lizard-like reptiles known from the latest Carboniferous (Gzhelian) or earliest Permian (Asselian) to the early Guadalupian epoch (latest
Bolosauridae
Extinct genus of synapsids
"pelycosaur" which existed in Germany during the latest Carboniferous (late Gzhelian age, 300 Ma ± 2.4 Ma). It is known from the holotype LFN−PW 2008/5599−LS
Cryptovenator
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes
now assigned to the genus Karpinskiprion. C. annectans lived during the Gzhelian stage of the Carboniferous period, approximately 303.4–298.9 million years
Campyloprion
Extinct genus of jawless fishes
Streptognathodus excelsus and Streptognathodus makhlinae Zone The base of the Gzhelian is at the first appearance of Streptognathodus zethus. The top of the stage
Streptognathodus
Extinct genus of insects
Carboniferous insect fossils in the world. The fossils of Commentry are from the Gzhelian stage of the Carboniferous, about 304 to 299 million years ago. Also known
Meganeura
System that relates geologic strata to time
Sakmarian 293.52 ± 0.17 * Asselian 298.9 ± 0.15 * Carboniferous Pennsylvanian Gzhelian Continuation of the Variscan orogeny (Ouachita and Alleghanian orogenies)
Geologic_time_scale
Extinct genus of insects
species) – Late Carboniferous (Gzhelian), Commentry Shales, France Dasyleptus noli Rasnitsyn, 2000 – Late Carboniferous (Gzhelian), Commentry Shales, France
Dasyleptus
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fish
Campyloprion. Three specimens of Karpinskiprion have been discovered from the Gzhelian-stage Kosherovo Formation of Moscow Oblast, Russia; one of which is the
Karpinskiprion
First series of the Permian
Permian. The Cisuralian was preceded by the last Pennsylvanian epoch (Gzhelian) and is followed by the Permian Guadalupian Epoch. The name "Cisuralian"
Cisuralian
Sixth stage of the Carboniferous
Ma. The Kasimovian Stage follows the Moscovian and is followed by the Gzhelian. The Kasimovian saw an extinction event which occurred around 305 mya,
Kasimovian
Cambrian era geologic formation in Ohio, United States
Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation
Knox_Dolomite
Extinct genus of fishes
Moy-Thomas, 1940] †C. baldwini (Poplin, 1974) - latest Carboniferous (Gzhelian) of Kansas, USA, marine (Lawrence Formation) [Coccocephalichthys baldwini
Coccocephalus
Extinct order of Late Carboniferous seed ferns
apparently growing in dense, mutually supporting stands. During Kasimovian and Gzhelian times there were also non-arboreal forms with smaller fronds (e.g. Odontopteris)
Medullosales
Clade of tetrapods including mammals
have suggested that therapsids split off from sphenacontids during the Gzhelian stage of Late Carboniferous, more recent suggested a later split between
Therapsida
Borough in Pennsylvania, US
). The ages of the exposed rocks bracket the late Pennsylvanian epoch (Gzhelian age; approximately 303 million years ago) near the lowest elevations, and
Bethel_Park,_Pennsylvania
Eighth stage of the Permian
−255 — – −250 — Paleozoic Mz C Permian Tr P Cisuralian Guadalup Lopin ET Gzhelian Asselian Sakmarian Artinskian Kungurian Roadian Wordian Capitanian Wuchiapingian
Wuchiapingian
Ice age
experienced its final glaciation during the early Gzhelian. The second glacial period occurred from the late Gzhelian across the Carboniferous-Permian boundary
Late_Paleozoic_icehouse
Extinct genus of tetrapods
dating to the Virgilian stage (or alternatively late Kasimovian to early Gzhelian stage) of the Late Pennsylvanian Series, about 300 million years ago. The
Archaeovenator
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes
Albany, Wichita, and Dunkard Groups. There are possible examples from the Gzhelian-aged Admire, Monongahela, and Conemaugh groups. Barbclabornia was initially
Barbclabornia
Geologic formation in Austria and Italy
at the border of Austria and Italy. It preserves fossils dated to the Gzhelian stage of the Late Carboniferous period. The 300-metre (980 ft) thick formation
Corona_Formation
Geologic formation in the eastern US
intrusives Mz J Igneous intrusives Pz P Cisuralian Asselian Dunkard Group C ⁋ Gzhelian Monongahela Formation Kasimovian Conemaugh Group Moscovian Allegheny Formation
Catoctin_Formation
Extinct genus of reptiles
bolosaurid reptile containing species known from the latest Carboniferous (Gzhelian) or earliest Permian (Asselian) to Guadalupian (Middle Permian) stage of
Belebey_(reptile)
Extinct genus of foram
"Systematics and biostratigraphic notes of the upper Moscovian-upper Gzhelian fusulinid foraminifers from the Anatolian Platform in the Southern Turkey"
Beedeina
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fish
Panthalassic Ocean. Fossils of this species were found in the Kasimovian of Iowa, Gzhelian of Nebraska, Asselian of Kansas. Specimens of this species show the partial
Bobbodus
Extinct genus of reptiles
Erpetonyx is an extinct genus of primitive reptile from the Gzhelian stage of the Carboniferous period, with a single known species: Erpetonyx arsenaultorum
Erpetonyx
Extinct genus of euthycarcinoid
Antarcticarcinus is an extinct genus of late Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to early Permian (Asselian) euthycarcinoids from the Pagoda Formation of Antarctica
Antarcticarcinus
Extinct genus of temnospondyls
rocks dated to between the latest Carboniferous and the earliest Permian (Gzhelian/Asselian) Remigiusberg Formation. The taxon was named by paleontologists
Stenokranio
Extinct genus of velvet worm and oldest confirmed Onychophoran
and date to the Late Stephanian, a stage equivalent to the Kasimovian-Gzhelian boundary of the late Pennsylvanian. Both the holotype and paratypes were
Antennipatus
Rural locality in Ramensky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia
population was 1,006. It gave its name to Gzhel ceramics as well as the Gzhelian age and stage in the ICS geologic time scale. In a broader sense, the name
Gzhel_(selo),_Moscow_Oblast
Extinct genus of ray-finned fishes
is an extinct genus of freshwater ray-finned fish that lived during the Gzhelian (Late Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous ) and Asselian-Sakmarian (Cisuralian/early
Aeduella
Devonian geologic unit in the Appalachian basin
Limestone Member Washington Coal Lower Washington Limestone Member C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Upper Waynesburg Member Little Washington
Genesee_Formation
Second stage of the Carboniferous
Late Cs Tournaisian Viséan Serpukhovian Bashkirian Moscovian Kasimovian Gzhelian Asselian D L Famennian ← Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse ← Mazon
Viséan
First subperiod of the Carboniferous Period
Mid Late Tournaisian Viséan Serpukhovian Bashkirian Moscovian Kasimovian Gzhelian Devonian ← Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse ← Mazon Creek Fossils
Mississippian_(geology)
Genus of extinct non-mammalian synapsids
Permian. It was one of the earliest members of the group, coming from the Gzhelian stage. It lived in what is now the Halgaito Formation within the larger
Shashajaia
Lower Carboniferous sedimentary formation in West Virginia, United States
Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation
Logan_Formation
Extinct family of seed ferns
Euramerica, and became an important component of Late Pennsylvanian (Kasimovian-Gzhelian; 299.0–306.5 Ma) vegetation of clastic soils and some peat soils. The best
Callistophytaceae
a diverse assemblage of tetrapod trace fossils from the Carboniferous (Gzhelian) Semily Formation (Czech Republic). Henderson, Angiolini & Beauchamp (2026)
2026_in_paleontology
Extinct genus of reptiles
previously considered the oldest parareptile, is known from the more recent Gzhelian age of the Late Pennsylvanian. In their 2019 description of Carbonodraco
Carbonodraco
Gap in the tetrapod fossil record
Devonian Tournaisian Visean Serpukhovian Bashkirian Moscovian Kasimovian Gzhelian C a r b o n i f
Romer's_gap
Widespread geologic group in the Southeastern United States
Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation
Knox_Supergroup
Extinct genus of lobopodian invertebrates
Palaeocampa Temporal range: Carboniferous, Moscovian–Gzhelian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Palaeocampa neotype specimen Speculative life restoration Scientific
Palaeocampa
Extinct genus of fishes
Bourbonnella is an extinct genus of prehistoric freshwater and coastal marine ray-finned fish that lived during the late Mississippian (Carboniferous)
Bourbonnella
Geologic formation in the United States
Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation
Rhinestreet_Formation
Family of crustaceans
is a family of fossil mantis shrimps which lived from the Moscovian to Gzhelian stages of the Carboniferous period. It was erected in 2007 as a monotypic
Gorgonophontidae
Extinct genus of trilobites
Pseudophillipsia Temporal range: Gzhelian to Changhsingian, 303.7–251.9 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Pseudophillipsia artiensis, National Museum of Natural
Pseudophillipsia
Stephaniella Gen. et sp. nov Gonçalves, Pouzadoux & Luccisano Carboniferous (Gzhelian) France An aeduellid. Genus includes new species S. melanocephala. Thyrsitoides
2026_in_paleoichthyology
Widespread shallow marine limestone
Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation
Trenton_Group
Member of the Foraker Limestone Formation in Kansas
Americus Limestone Stratigraphic range: Gzhelian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N The Americus Limestone beds form the first bench of the Flint Hills when approaching
Americus_Limestone
Extinct genus of fishes
stricto: †E. germari Giebel, 1848 (type species) - Late Carboniferous (Gzhelian) of Germany (Siebigerode Formation) †E. fritschi Friedrich, 1878 - Early
Elonichthys
Extinct genus of cricket-like animals
Longzhua loculata is an extinct archaeorthopteran (stem group Orthoptera) species which existed in what is now China during the Pennsylvanian period. Fossils
Longzhua
Geologic member in the United States
Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation
Cleveland_Shale
Geologic formation in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, United States
Formation, also Monongahela Group Stratigraphic range: Upper Pennsylvanian Gzhelian ~300–303 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Coal from the Monongahela Formation
Monongahela_Formation
Ninth and last stage of the Permian
−255 — – −250 — Paleozoic Mz C Permian Tr P Cisuralian Guadalup Lopin ET Gzhelian Asselian Sakmarian Artinskian Kungurian Roadian Wordian Capitanian Wuchiapingian
Changhsingian
Area of igneous rock in Skagerrak strait
The Skagerrak-Centered Large Igneous Province (SCLIP), also known as the European-Northwest African Large Igneous Province (EUNWA), and Jutland LIP, is
Skagerrak-Centered Large Igneous Province
Skagerrak-Centered_Large_Igneous_Province
Geologic group in Pennsylvania, US
Conewango Group Stratigraphic range: Carboniferous ~Kasimovian-Gzhelian ~307–301 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Type Group Sub-units Casselman Formation
Conewango_Group
Extinct family of sponges
Hemidiscellidae Temporal range: Gzhelian (latest Pennsylvanian) – Cretaceous PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum:
Hemidiscellidae
Use of a particular fossil class to identify stratigraphy
Streptognathodus excelsus and Streptognathodus makhlinae The base of the Gzhelian, the youngest age of the Pennsylvanian, is at the first appearance of Streptognathodus
Conodont_biostratigraphy
Geologic formation in Svalbard, Norway
Spitsbergen, Svalbard in Norway. It preserves fossils dating back from the Gzhelian stage of the Carboniferous period to the Artinskian stage of the Permian
Treskelodden_Formation
Geologic formation in Ohio, United States
Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation
Massie_Shale
American geologic formation
Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation
Eau_Claire_Formation
Large Geologic Group
Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation
Salina_Group
Pennsylvanian-age geological unit
Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation
Allegheny_Group
Holder Formation Stratigraphic range: Gzhelian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Type Formation Underlies Bursum Formation Overlies Beeman Formation Thickness
Holder_Formation
Extinct genus of synapsids
considered to be an age equivalent to the global marine stages of the late Gzhelian, Asselian, Sakmarian, and Artinskian. Since the end of the 2010s, radiometric
Callibrachion
Extinct species of arachnid
Temporal range: 318.1–299 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Late Carboniferous (Gzhelian age) Fossil of Eophrynus prestvicii (BU 699, Lapworth Museum, University
Eophrynus_prestvicii
Extinct subclass of reptiles
the acleistorhinid Carbonodraco from the Late Carboniferous (Moscovian-Gzhelian) of North America, which represents the only known Carboniferous "parareptiles"
Parareptilia
Geologic Group found in the Appalachian Basin
Limestone Member Washington Coal Lower Washington Limestone Member C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Upper Waynesburg Member Little Washington
Helderberg_Group_(geology)
Cyathocarpus felicianoi Sp. nov Correia, Šimůnek & Pereira Carboniferous (Gzhelian) Douro Carboniferous Basin Portugal A member of Marattiales belonging to
2026_in_paleobotany
Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation
Burket_Shale
Extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes
Slany Formation in the Rakovnik Basin of Bohemia. P. sp., found in the Gzhelian (Carboniferous) of Lower Austria is undetermined. While it may represent
Plicatodus
Images Aspidothorax hispanicus Sp. nov Valid Santos et al. Carboniferous (Gzhelian) Spain A member of the family Aspidothoracidae. Xenoptera latigra Sp. nov
2025_in_paleoentomology
Geologic formation in the United States
Oread Limestone Stratigraphic range: Kasimovian–Gzhelian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N (Virgilian stage) Natural History Museum, Dyche Hall, University of
Oread_Limestone
Geologic formation in Ohio, United States
Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation
Hillsboro_Sandstone
Genus of Permian reptile
species, Halgaitosaurus gregarius, which is known from the "Virgilian" (Gzhelian)-age Halgaito Formation in Bears Ears National Monument. The fossils of
Halgaitosaurus
Sixth stage of the Permian
−255 — – −250 — Paleozoic Mz C Permian Tr P Cisuralian Guadalup Lopin ET Gzhelian Asselian Sakmarian Artinskian Kungurian Roadian Wordian Capitanian Wuchiapingian
Wordian
Second stage of the Permian
−255 — – −250 — Paleozoic Mz C Permian Tr P Cisuralian Guadalup Lopin ET Gzhelian Asselian Sakmarian Artinskian Kungurian Roadian Wordian Capitanian Wuchiapingian
Sakmarian
Geological formation in Indiana and Kentucky
Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation
Laurel_Formation_(Silurian)
Geologic formation in the eastern United States
intrusives Mz J Igneous intrusives Pz P Cisuralian Asselian Dunkard Group C ⁋ Gzhelian Monongahela Formation Kasimovian Conemaugh Group Moscovian Allegheny Formation
Martinsburg_Formation
Fifth stage of the Permian
−255 — – −250 — Paleozoic Mz C Permian Tr P Cisuralian Guadalup Lopin ET Gzhelian Asselian Sakmarian Artinskian Kungurian Roadian Wordian Capitanian Wuchiapingian
Roadian
Permian rock layers between the east coast of England and northern Poland
– −275 — – −270 — – −265 — – −260 — – −255 — – Guadalupian Lopingian Gzhelian Asselian Sakmarian Artinskian Kungurian Roadian Wordian Capitanian Wuchiapingian
Zechstein
Branchiosaurus commentryensis Sp. nov Valid Werneburg Carboniferous (Gzhelian) France Cratopipa Gen. et sp. nov Valid Carvalho et al. Early Cretaceous
2019 in amphibian paleontology
2019_in_amphibian_paleontology
gen. nov.—A New Genus of Pectinida (Annuliconchidae, Bivalvia) from the Gzhelian–Sakmarian of European Russia". Paleontological Journal. 59 (6): 602–609
2026_in_paleomalacology
Geologic formation in the United States
Limestone Member Washington Coal Lower Washington Limestone Member C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Upper Waynesburg Member Little Washington
Schoharie_Formation
Geological formation in Ontario, Canada
Pz P Cisuralian Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation
Bertie_Group
Third stage of the Permian
−255 — – −250 — Paleozoic Mz C Permian Tr P Cisuralian Guadalup Lopin ET Gzhelian Asselian Sakmarian Artinskian Kungurian Roadian Wordian Capitanian Wuchiapingian
Artinskian
Fourth stage of the Carboniferous
Late Cs Tournaisian Viséan Serpukhovian Bashkirian Moscovian Kasimovian Gzhelian Asselian D L Famennian ← Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse ← Mazon
Bashkirian
Extinct genus of fishes
(Intinsky Formation) †A. gigas Frič, 1877 - Late Pennsylvanian (Moscovian to Gzhelian) of the Czech Republic (Slaný & Syřenov Formations) †A. hamiltoni Johnston
Acrolepis
Species of amphibian
Eryops Temporal range: Pennsylvanian to Cisuralian (Gzhelian to Kungurian), 303–275 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Skeleton of Eryops megacephalus at the
Eryops
Extinct genus of amphibians
Fossils of Apateon are found in freshwaters strata of Latest Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to Early Permian (Asselian) of Germany. These amphibians could reach a
Apateon
Geologic formation in New York, United States
Limestone Member Washington Coal Lower Washington Limestone Member C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Upper Waynesburg Member Little Washington
Sodus_Formation
Extinct family of lobopodians
Aysheaiidae Temporal range: Wuliuan–Gzhelian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Fossil of Aysheaia Fossil of Palaeocampa Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia
Aysheaiidae
Geologic formation in the United States
Limestone Member Washington Coal Lower Washington Limestone Member C ⁋ Gzhelian Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Upper Waynesburg Member Little Washington
Venango_Group
Extinct genus of tetrapods
Microbrachis is an extinct genus of microsaurian tetrapod from the Carboniferous Kladno Formation of the Czech Republic. Microbrachis was an elongated
Microbrachis
Fourth stage of the Permian
−255 — – −250 — Paleozoic Mz C Permian Tr P Cisuralian Guadalup Lopin ET Gzhelian Asselian Sakmarian Artinskian Kungurian Roadian Wordian Capitanian Wuchiapingian
Kungurian
Extinct genus of synapsids
Edaphosaurus Temporal range: Pennsylvanian to Cisuralian (Gzhelian to Kungurian), 303.4–272.5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Restored specimen of E. boanerges
Edaphosaurus
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