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Geologic eon, 2500–539 million years ago
The Proterozoic (IPA: /ˌproʊtərəˈzoʊɪk, ˌprɒt-, -əroʊ-, -trə-, -troʊ-/ PROH-tər-ə-ZOH-ik, PROT-, -ər-oh-, -trə-, -troh-) is the third of the four geologic
Proterozoic
History of Earth 4600–539 million years ago
unit of geologic time, subdivided into three eons (Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic) of the geologic time scale. It spans from the formation of Earth about
Precambrian
Third and last era of the Proterozoic Eon
The Neoproterozoic is the last of the three geologic eras of the Proterozoic eon, spanning from 1 billion to 538.8 million years ago, and is the last
Neoproterozoic
Second era of the Proterozoic Eon
English Dictionary. HarperCollins. OCLC 1120411289. Retrieved 2023-08-30. "Proterozoic". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871. There
Mesoproterozoic
Mafic intrusive igneous rock composed predominantly of plagioclase
Anorthosite on Earth can be divided into five types: Archean anorthosites Proterozoic anorthosite (also known as massif or massif-type anorthosite) – the most
Anorthosite
Records of Earth's development
the planet and ended 4.0 billion years ago. The following Archean and Proterozoic eons produced the beginnings of life on Earth and its earliest evolution
History_of_Earth
Zone of variably metamorphosed rocks occurring in Archaean and Proterozoic cratons
sequences with associated sedimentary rocks that occur within Archaean and Proterozoic cratons between granite and gneiss bodies. The name comes from the green
Greenstone_belt
Geologic eon, 4031–2500 million years ago
eons of Earth's history, preceded by the Hadean Eon and followed by the Proterozoic and the Phanerozoic. The Archean represents the time period from 4,031 to 2
Archean
into three geological time intervals called eons: Hadean, Archaean and Proterozoic. The latter two are sub-divided into several eras as currently defined
Timeline_of_Earth
Mesoproterozoic mountain-building event
weakly foliated in texture. This region consists of a massive dome of Proterozoic rock on the New York-Canada border. Both the Elzevirian (c. 1250–1190 Ma)
Grenville_orogeny
Event in South Australia
an orogenic event in the Gawler craton of South Australia during the Proterozoic between 1.57 and 1.55 billion years ago which reworked rocks metamorphosed
Kararan_orogeny
Craton forming the geological core of North America
and consists of many smaller terranes assembled on a network of early Proterozoic orogenic belts. Small microcontinents and oceanic islands collided with
Laurentia
First era of the Proterozoic Eon
Palaeoproterozoic) is the first of the three sub-divisions (eras) of the Proterozoic eon, and also the longest era of the Earth's geological history, spanning
Paleoproterozoic
Geologic composition of Antarctica
covers the geological development of the continent through the Archean, Proterozoic and Phanerozoic eons. The geological study of Antarctica has been greatly
Geology_of_Antarctica
Geology of Europe
Fennoscandian Shield) and has a diversified accretionary Archaean and early Proterozoic crust, while Sarmatia has an older Archaean crust. The Volgo-Uralia region
East_European_Craton
American paleontologist
co-authors found evidence indicating that the Proterozoic shelly fossil Qinella survived the Proterozoic-Cambrian boundary. In 2012 McMenamin proposed
Mark_McMenamin
Earth history, 1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago
Mid-Proterozoic and Earth's Middle Ages, is an informal geological time period between 1.8 and 0.8 billion years ago (Ga) during the middle Proterozoic eon
Boring_Billion
First era of the Phanerozoic Eon
years ago (Ma), it succeeds the Neoproterozoic (the last era of the Proterozoic Eon) and ends 251.9 Ma at the start of the Mesozoic Era. The Paleozoic
Paleozoic
Very long term changes in Earth's temperature
Arthropods Molluscs Flowers Dinosaurs Mammals Birds Primates Hadean Archean Proterozoic Phanerozoic ← Earth formed ← Earliest water ← LUCA ← Earliest fossils
Geologic_temperature_record
Overview article
Aravalli Mountains are believed much older and can be traced back to the Proterozoic Eon. They are arguably the oldest geological feature on Earth. The collision
Tectonic evolution of the Aravalli Mountains
Tectonic_evolution_of_the_Aravalli_Mountains
Hypothesized Neoproterozoic supercontinent
propose a Proterozoic supercontinent preceding Pangaea, today known as Rodinia. At that time he simply referred to it as "the Proterozoic super-continent"
Pannotia
Fourth and current eon of the geological timescale
called the Precambrian, is now divided into the Hadean, Archaean and Proterozoic eons. The time span of the Phanerozoic starts with the sudden appearance
Phanerozoic
Organism that eats mostly or exclusively animal tissue
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose
Carnivore
Mountain range in northern Yukon, Canada
retrogressive thaw slump. This region contains well-exposed sedimentary rocks of Proterozoic to Cretaceous age and small Devonian granite intrusions. Late Cretaceous
Richardson_Mountains
First era of the Archean Eon
Mya) Mesoarchean Era (3200-2800 Mya) Neoarchean Era (2800-2500 Mya) Proterozoic Eon (2500-539 Mya) "Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Points". International
Eoarchean
Hypothetical middle to late Proterozoic ocean composition
Canfield to explain the composition of the ocean in the middle to late Proterozoic. In a paper published in 1998 in Nature, Canfield argued that the deep
Canfield_ocean
"Late Proterozoic Low-Latitude Global Glaciation: the Snowball Earth" (PDF). In Schopf, J. William; Klein, Cornelis (eds.). The Proterozoic Biosphere:
Timeline_of_life
Type of quartzite rock
The Sioux Quartzite is a Proterozoic quartzite that is found in the region around the intersection of Minnesota, South Dakota, and Iowa, and correlates
Sioux_Quartzite
Third and last period of the Neoproterozoic Era
Cambrian Period 538.8 million years ago. It is the last period of the Proterozoic Eon as well as the last of the so-called "Precambrian supereon", before
Ediacaran
Organism that consists of only one cell
represented across the Archaean (4 billion to 2.5 billion years ago), Proterozoic (2.5 billion to 540 million years ago), and Phanerozoic (540 million
Unicellular_organism
Fossil holozoan
containing the single species Bicellum brasieri. It is one billion years old (Proterozoic) and could be the oldest example of complex multicellularity in the evolutionary
Bicellum
Geological rift in the center of the North American continent
American craton, began to split apart during the Mesoproterozoic Era of the Proterozoic Eon, about 1.1 billion years ago. The rift failed, leaving behind thick
Midcontinent_Rift_System
Brazilian sedimentary basin
Arch is thought to be a former graben of Middle Proterozoic age that was inversed in the Late Proterozoic. Although not obviously noticeable, today the
Purus_Arch
Genus of Precambrian microfossils
Bonnie (1985). "Melanocyrillium, a new genus of structurally complex late Proterozoic microfossils from the Kwagunt Formation (Chuar Group), Grand Canyon,
Melanocyrillium
Belarus is situated on Cratons basement is made of Archean and early Proterozoic crystalline basement rocks and covered by terrigenous, volcanogenic,
Geology_of_Belarus
Craton in the west-central United States and western Canada
modified by late Archean volcanic magmatism and plate movements and Proterozoic extension and rifting. The Wyoming, Superior and Hearne-Ray cratons were
Wyoming_Craton
Circular arc along the Hudson Bay coastline
Archean strata of the Superior craton and Proterozoic Richmond Group. The unconformity between the Early Proterozoic Nastapoka Group and the underlying Archean
Nastapoka_arc
Last period of the Mesoproterozoic Era
non-marine habitats by 1 Ga. The Sun produced 5–18% less output during the Proterozoic, with the Stenian's output being in the middle of the range. The CO2
Stenian
Bylund, G. (2003). "Palaeomagnetic configuration of continents during the Proterozoic". Tectonophysics. 375 (1–4): 289–324 Vernikovsky, V. A.; Dobretsov, N
Chronology_of_continents
Genus of Proterozoic alga
Tuanshanzia is a genus of Proterozoic eukaryote, known from several locations across China and India, including the Gaoyuzhuang and Chuanlinggou formations
Tuanshanzia
Ancient supercontinent of approximately 2,500 to 1,500 million years ago
name Nuna (from Inuit "lands bordering the northern oceans") for the Proterozoic core of Laurentia plus Baltica. Because Hoffman published his name earlier
Columbia_(supercontinent)
Geologic eon, 4567–4031 million years ago
Hadean 4567.3 ± 0.16 – 4031 ± 3 Ma Pha. Proterozoic Archean Had. Artist's depiction of a collision between two planetary bodies, similar to the hypothesized
Hadean
Ancient Greek concept
geologic time scale that make up the Earth's history, the Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and the current aeon, Phanerozoic. In astronomy, an aeon is defined
Aeon
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
Cyanobacteria remained the principal primary producers of oxygen throughout the Proterozoic Eon (2500–543 Ma), in part because the redox structure of the oceans
Photosynthesis
be divided into several main sections: the Archaean cratonic shields, Proterozoic fold belts and sedimentary basins, Phanerozoic sedimentary basins, and
Geology_of_Australia
three of the four eons of Earth's prehistory (the Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic) and precedes the Phanerozoic eon. Major volcanic events altering Earth's
Geological_history_of_Earth
Mountain in Russia
The mountain is formed with quartzites and metamorphosed slates of the Proterozoic Eon and Cambrian Period. There are some glaciers on the mountain. Also
Mount_Narodnaya
Banded mixture of hematite and quartz
of hematite and quartz common in the banded iron formation rocks of Proterozoic and Archaean age in the Canadian Shield. Jaspillite is also formed as
Jaspillite
Mountain monument under construction in South Dakota
leucogranite on Thunder Mountain, a plutonic igneous rock emplaced during the Proterozoic and the same granite that Mount Rushmore is carved into. The granite
Crazy_Horse_Memorial
Genus of cnidarians
Ediacaria Temporal range: Tonian–Drumian Pha. Proterozoic Archean Had. Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: incertae sedis Genus: †Ediacaria
Ediacaria
This is a list of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points. Since 1977, Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (abbreviated GSSPs) are internationally
List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points
List_of_Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Sections_and_Points
formations on the island of Ireland. It includes rocks from every age from Proterozoic to Holocene and a large variety of different rock types is represented
Geology_of_Ireland
geological makeup of Åland, Finland, includes Jotnian age sediments from the Proterozoic, such as sandstone, siltstone, arkose, conglomerate, rapakivi granite
Geology_of_Åland
Mountain with U.S. presidential sculptures
batholith magma intruded into the pre-existing mica schist rocks during the Proterozoic, 1.6 billion years ago. Coarse grained pegmatite dikes are associated
Mount_Rushmore
Mountain range in eastern North America
Formation and the overlying glaciogenic Konnarock Formation: Two late Proterozoic units in southwestern Virginia. USGS. doi:10.3133/b2029. Kaygi, Patti
Appalachian_Mountains
Worldwide glaciation episodes during the Proterozoic eon
published in 1992 within a lengthy volume concerning the biology of the Proterozoic eon. The major contributions from this work were: (1) the recognition
Snowball_Earth
Geologic description of the Appalachian Mountains
Formation and the overlying glaciogenic Konnarock Formation: Two late Proterozoic units in southwestern Virginia. USGS. doi:10.3133/b2029. Kaygi, Patti
Geology_of_the_Appalachians
Gap in geological strata in the Grand Canyon
September 22, 2013. Brandriss, M. (2004) Angular unconformity between Proterozoic and Cambrian rocks, Grand Canyon, Arizona. GeoDIL, A Geoscience Digital
Great_Unconformity
Glacial Snowball Earth event about 700 million years ago
Proterozoic snowball periods This box: view talk edit −750 — – −725 — – −700 — – −675 — – −650 — – −625 — – −600 — – −575 — – −550 — – −525 — Tonian Cryogenian
Sturtian_glaciation
Ribbon-like veins and nodules of calcite
expansion crack origin of "molar-tooth" calcite structures in the middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup, western Montana". Journal of Sedimentary Research. 68
Molar_tooth_structure
Hypothetical Neoproterozoic supercontinent
transient supercontinent subject to progressive break-up in the late Proterozoic and instead that this time and earlier times were dominated by a single
Rodinia
Ancient microcontinent or terrane
Plata Craton and Río Apas Craton during the Pampean orogeny of late Proterozoic and early Cambrian. It was one of the first terranes to be amalgamated
Pampia
Large craton in Western Australia
Australian land mass. It is bounded by a mixture of sedimentary basins and Proterozoic fold and thrust belts. Zircon grains in the Jack Hills, Narryer terrane
Yilgarn_Craton
Fennoscandia. Archean rocks of the Karelia, Belomorian and Kola domains Proterozoic rocks of the Karelia and Kola domains Svecofennian Domain Transscandinavian
Geology_of_Sweden
Paleoproterozoic surge in atmospheric oxygen
increasingly complex ecosystems, although these did not appear until the late Proterozoic and Cambrian. The Great Oxygenation Event triggered an explosive growth
Great_Oxidation_Event
Genus of enigmatic fossil organism
Changchengia is a genus of possible alga from the early-mid Proterozoic. It contains one species, Changchengia stipitata. This genus is known from various
Changchengia
Extinct phylum of triradially symmetrical animals
B.N.; Fedonkin, M.A. (1992). "Proterozoic metazoan body fossils". In Schopf, J.W.; Klein, C. (eds.). The Proterozoic Biosphere: A multidisciplinary study
Trilobozoa
Meteorite crater in Frontenac, Ontario, Canada
The Holleford Crater is a meteorite crater near the community of Holleford, part of South Frontenac, Ontario, Canada. It is 2.35 kilometres (1.5 mi) in
Holleford_crater
Neoproterozoic surge in atmospheric oxygen
oxygen concentration rose from <0.1% PAL throughout most of the early/mid-Proterozoic to >13% PAL during the early Neoproterozoic from 900 to 815 Ma, and possibly
Neoproterozoic oxygenation event
Neoproterozoic_oxygenation_event
Lithostratigraphic unit in the Grand Canyon, Arizona
The Vishnu Basement Rocks is the name recommended for all Early Proterozoic crystalline rocks (metamorphic and igneous) exposed in the Grand Canyon region
Vishnu_Basement_Rocks
geology of Tanzania began to form in the Precambrian, in the Archean and Proterozoic eons, in some cases more than 2.5 billion years ago. Igneous and metamorphic
Geology_of_Tanzania
Lake in Ontario, Canada
repeated and preferential erosion of relatively flat-lying and faulted, Proterozoic sedimentary strata and igneous sills by repeated Pleistocene glaciations
Lake_Nipigon
Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere
They were formed in the Archaean (4 to 2.5 billion years ago) and the Proterozoic (2.5 billion- 538.8 million year ago) geologic eons. Most were formed
Craton
Hypothetical Neoarchaean supercontinent from about 2.8 billion years ago
continued, stabilizing climates at new levels during the second part of the Proterozoic Era. Pesonen et al. 2003, Abstract Salminen, Johnna; Pehrsson, Sally;
Kenorland
modified by late Archean volcanic magmatism and plate movements and Proterozoic extension and rifting. The Wyoming Craton mainly consists of two rock
Geology of the Rocky Mountains
Geology_of_the_Rocky_Mountains
Extinct genus of marine invertebrates
between the six sides of the cone. The discovery of vendoconulariids in Proterozoic strata of Russia confirmed a 1987 prediction that conulariids constituted
Vendoconularia
The geology of Egypt includes rocks from Archaean - early Proterozoic times onwards. These oldest rocks are found as inliers in Egypt’s Western Desert
Geology_of_Egypt
Extinct enigmatic tubular organism
Shaanxilithes Temporal range: late Ediacaran ~550–543 Ma Pha. Proterozoic Archean Had. Tonian Cryo. Edia. A slab of Shaanxilithes ningqiangensis from
Shaanxilithes
Rock formed by transformation of olivine
(7.9 cm (3.1 in) across), Styria Province, Austria. Protolith was a Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic upper mantle dunite peridotite that has been multiply
Serpentinite
Enigmatic genus of prehistoric eukaryotes
most likely multicellular (although coenocytic), macrofossil from the Proterozoic. Stratigraphically, they range from around 1,630 million years ago to
Tawuia
Major landmass in the geological past
The location of Laurentia has changed throughout time. During the late Proterozoic, it could be found surrounded by Siberia, South Africa, Australia-Antarctica
Paleocontinent
Continent
America; it formed between 1.5 and 1.0 billion years ago during the Proterozoic eon. The Canadian Shield is the largest exposure of this craton. From
North_America
State in southwestern India
Archean complex made up of Dharwad schists and granitic gneisses, the Proterozoic non-fossiliferous sedimentary formations of the Kaladgi and Bhima series
Karnataka
Second era of the Archean Eon
crust and was deposited in a manner similar to ophiolites from the later Proterozoic and Phanerozoic eons. The Pilbara craton contains the earliest known
Paleoarchean
First period of the Paleoproterozoic Era
sɪ-/) is the first geologic period in the Paleoproterozoic Era and Proterozoic Eon. It lasted from 2500 to 2300 million years ago (Ma), spanning 200 million
Siderian
Ancient continent formed during the Proterozoic about 2 billion years ago
Ατλαντικα; Atlantika) is an ancient continent that formed during the Proterozoic about 2,000 million years ago (two billion years ago, Ga) from various
Atlantica
Condition when water is both anoxic and sulfidic
component of the Canfield ocean, a model of oceans during part of the Proterozoic eon (a part specifically known as the Boring Billion) proposed by Donald
Euxinia
metamorphic and igneous crystalline basement rock, formed in the Archean and Proterozoic, in some cases more than two billion years ago. Mozambique contains greenstone
Geology_of_Mozambique
Granitic rock
Black Hills (Trans-Hudson orogeny of Proterozoic age), the Blue Ridge basement complex (Grenville orogeny of Proterozoic age), the Paleozoic Appalachian orogeny
Leucogranite
Greenstone belt located in the Fennoscandian Shield
The Central Lapland Greenstone Belt (CLGB) is a greenstone belt located in the northern part of the Fennoscandian Shield. The region belongs to Lapland
Central Lapland Greenstone Belt
Central_Lapland_Greenstone_Belt
Laurentia resulted in 22 kilometers of sediment deposited in the early Proterozoic through to the Paleozoic eras. Extension and crustal thinning associated
Wernecke_Mountains_Group
Division of algae
terrestrial environments, less common today than they were during the Proterozoic. The stated number of species in the group varies from about 14 to 26
Glaucophyte
Second period of the Paleoproterozoic Era
the Subcommission on Precambrian Stratigraphy as a subdivision of the Proterozoic Eon, and was ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences
Rhyacian
Early Proterozoic supercontinent
Nena, an acronym for Northern Europe–North America, was the Early Proterozoic amalgamation of Baltica and Laurentia into a single "cratonic landmass"
Nena_(supercontinent)
Mountain range in Oklahoma, United States
orientation or strike of west-northwest. The core of the structure consists of Proterozoic extrusive and intrusive rocks, the Colbert rhyolite porphyry and the
Arbuckle_Mountains
Extinct genus of early animals
discovery of the undisputibly Precambrian Charnia in 1958, the existence of Proterozoic life became more widely accepted among paleontologists. This discovery
Dickinsonia
Geologic formation
The Mineral Fork Formation is a mapped Proterozoic bedrock unit in Utah. Granger et al. (1952) describe the Mineral Fork Formation as black tillite consisting
Mineral_Fork_Formation
Formation of mountain ranges
basement underlying the United States belongs to the Transcontinental Proterozoic Provinces, which accreted to Laurentia (the ancient heart of North America)
Orogeny
Geological fault in Western Australia
west. The fault zone is very ancient and initially formed during the Proterozoic Eon. In the Perth area, the Darling Fault must once have coincided with
Darling_Fault
European Craton) and Atlantica (Amazonian and West African Cratons) in the Proterozoic: The pre-Columbia connection". Earth-Science Reviews. 210 103378. Bibcode:2020ESRv
List_of_paleocontinents
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