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First period of the Paleoproterozoic Era
The Siderian ( /saɪˈdɪəri.ən, sɪ-/) is the first geologic period in the Paleoproterozoic Era and Proterozoic Eon. It lasted from 2500 to 2300 million years
Siderian
Second period of the Paleoproterozoic Era
years and lasted from 2300 to 2050 million years ago (Ma), following the Siderian Period and preceding the Orosirian Period. These dates are defined chronometrically
Rhyacian
First era of the Proterozoic Eon
6 Ga). It is further subdivided into four geologic periods, namely the Siderian, Rhyacian, Orosirian and Statherian. Paleontological evidence suggests
Paleoproterozoic
Geologic eon, 2500–539 million years ago
which produced the 300 million years-long Huronian glaciation (during the Siderian and Rhyacian periods of the Paleoproterozoic) and the hypothesized Snowball
Proterozoic
System that relates geologic strata to time
Ma) Kratian (no fixed time given, prior to the Siderian) – from Greek κράτος (krátos) 'strength'. Siderian (?–2450 Ma) – moved from Proterozoic to end of
Geologic_time_scale
Paleoproterozoic surge in atmospheric oxygen
This began approximately 2.46–2.426 billion years ago (Ga) during the Siderian period and ended around 2.06 billion years ago during the Rhyacian. Geological
Great_Oxidation_Event
bacteria and algae. c. 2,500 Ma – Proterozoic Eon, Paleoproterozoic Era, and Siderian Period start. Oxygen saturation in the oceans is reached: Banded iron formations
Timeline_of_Earth
Severe glaciation during the Paleoproterozoic era
succession extended from around 2.4 to 2.1 billion years ago, during the Siderian and Rhyacian periods of the Paleoproterozoic era. Evidence for glaciation
Huronian_glaciation
Eoarchean Paleoarchean Mesoarchean Neoarchean Proterozoic Paleoproterozoic Siderian Rhyacian Orosirian Statherian Mesoproterozoic Calymmian Ectasian Stenian
List_of_time_periods
Fifth period of the Paleozoic Era
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Carboniferous
First period of the Mesozoic Era
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Triassic
Sixth and last period of the Paleozoic Era
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Permian
Landmass comprising more than one continental core, or craton
described as a supercraton or just a continent Ur 2,803–2,408 Mesoarchean-Siderian Described as both a continent and a supercontinent Kenorland 2,720–2,114
Supercontinent
Ancient craton forming the Central Siberian Plateau
after the Angara River in Siberia. About 2.5 billion years ago (in the Siderian Period), Siberia was part of a continent called Arctica, along with the
Siberia_(continent)
Material world and its phenomena
Great Oxygenation Event, produced by the proliferation of algae during the Siderian period, required about 400 million years to culminate. The present era
Nature
First era of the Phanerozoic Eon
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Paleozoic
Fourth period of the Paleozoic Era
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Devonian
Second era of the Phanerozoic Eon
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Mesozoic
Hypothetical Neoarchaean supercontinent from about 2.8 billion years ago
Neoarchaean and early Paleoproterozoic Era 2.48 to 2.10 Gya, during the Siderian and Rhyacian periods, is manifested by mafic dikes and sedimentary rift-basins
Kenorland
Extinct genus of cyanobacteria
stromatolites were very common in the Paleoproterozoic era during the Siderian and Rhyacian periods, about 2.2 to 2.4 billion years ago. List of fossil
Collenia
First geological period of the Paleozoic Era
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Cambrian
Ancient continent in the Neoarchean era
Arctica Arctica, 2400 Ma (Siderian) Historical continent Formed 2565 Ma Type Paleocontinent Today part of Siberian craton Slave Craton Wyoming Craton Superior
Arctica
Second era of the Proterozoic Eon
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Mesoproterozoic
Development of bacteria throughout time
Further chemical and isotopic analysis of ancient rock reveals that by the Siderian period, roughly 2.45 billion years ago, oxygen had appeared. This indicates
Evolution_of_bacteria
Fourth era of the Archean Eon
Proposed subdivisions Methanian Period, 2780–2630 Ma Gradstein et al., 2012 Siderian Period, 2630–2420 Gradstein et al., 2012 Etymology Name formality Formal
Neoarchean
Study of the geological history of Earth
Calymmian 1600 Paleoproterozoic Statherian 1800 Orosirian 2050 Rhyacian 2300 Siderian 2500 Archean Neoarchean 2800 Mesoarchean 3200 Paleoarchean 3600 Eoarchean
Historical_geology
Third period of the Paleozoic Era
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Silurian
Second subperiod of the Carboniferous
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Pennsylvanian_(geology)
Second period of the Mesozoic Era
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Jurassic
Third and last period of the Mesozoic Era
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Cretaceous
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
Palæoproterozoic Mesoproterozoic Neoproterozoic Palæozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic Siderian Rhyacian Orosirian Statherian Calymmian Ectasian Stenian Tonian Cryogenian
Protist
Third and last era of the Proterozoic Eon
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Neoproterozoic
Records of Earth's development
strata called banded iron formations that formed in abundance during the Siderian period (between 2500 Ma and 2300 Ma). When most of the exposed readily
History_of_Earth
Sixth and last age of the Early Cretaceous
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Albian
Second period of the Paleozoic Era
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Ordovician
Earliest subdivision of the Quaternary Period
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Gelasian
2007 studio album by the Ocean
Disc 2: "Proterozoic" No. Title Length 1. "Siderian" 1:57 2. "Rhyacian: Untimely Meditations" 10:57 3. "Orosirian: For the Great Blue Cold Now Reigns"
Precambrian_(album)
Chronology of the major ice ages of the Earth
ago Period Era Pongola 2.985-2.837 Bya Mesoarchean Huronian 2.4–2.1 Bya Siderian Rhyacian Paleoproterozoic Sturtian 717–660 Mya Cryogenian Neoproterozoic
Timeline_of_glaciation
Second epoch of the Devonian period
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Middle_Devonian
First subperiod of the Carboniferous Period
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Mississippian_(geology)
Geologic formation in Western Australia
The Kungarra Formation is an Siderian aged geologic formation in Western Australia. The Kungarra Formation can be found within the Turee Creek Group, reaching
Kungarra_Formation
Third stage of the Carboniferous
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Serpukhovian
Geologic supergroup in Western Australia
containing sub-groups and formations ranging from the Archean, into the Siderian, and possibly into the Rhyacian. Some groups and formations within the
Mount_Bruce_Supergroup
Seventh stage of the Cambrian and third stage of the Miaolingian
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Guzhangian
Second stage of the Carboniferous
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Viséan
Geologic formation in Northern Ontario
Gowganda Formation Stratigraphic range: Siderian period, Paleoproterozoic Era: c.2300 Ma Pha. Proterozoic Archean Had. Gowganda tillite smoothed and striated
Gowganda_Formation
Fifth stage of the Carboniferous
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Moscovian_age
Unnamed third stage of the Cambrian
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Cambrian_Stage_3
Worldwide glaciation episodes during the Proterozoic eon
global glaciation could have occurred between 2.5 and 2.2 Gya, during the Siderian and Rhyacian periods of the Paleoproterozoic era. There were three or four
Snowball_Earth
First age of the late Jurassic
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Oxfordian_age
First stage of the Carboniferous
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Tournaisian
Third epoch of the Cambrian period
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Miaolingian
Second age of the Furongian epoch
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Jiangshanian
Glacial-formed geographic feature
Neoproterozoic Tunnel valleys have been reported in the Cryogenian strata of Oman and Mauritania. Huronian 2100–2400 Siderian and Rhyacian Paleoproterozoic
Tunnel_valley
Third and last age of the Late Ordovician epoch
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Hirnantian
Second and last age of the Terreneuvian Epoch
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Cambrian_Stage_2
First stage of Cambrian Period
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Fortunian
Third stage of the Carboniferous
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Namurian
Sixth stage of the Carboniferous
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Kasimovian
Location Image †C. frequens Late Proterozoic Australia United States †C. symmetrica †C. undosa Paleoproterozoic (Siderian/Rhyacian) United States (Minnesota)
List of fossil stromatolite taxa
List_of_fossil_stromatolite_taxa
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Westphalian_(stage)
Second age of the Oligocene Epoch
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Chattian
Fifth stage of Cambrian and first stage of the Miaolingian
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Wuliuan
Second and last age of the Early Ordovician epoch
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Floian
Continental flood basalts and oceanic plateaus
(2023±4) Rhyacian 2300 Ungava magmatic event Huronian glaciation (2220) Siderian 2500 Matachewan dike swarm (2500-2450) Mistassini dike swarm (2500) Great
List of flood basalt provinces
List_of_flood_basalt_provinces
Lowest stage of Ordovician
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Tremadocian
Stage of the Cambrian period
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Cambrian_Stage_4
Geologic group in Western Australia
Bruce Supergroup. It preserves a number of fossils dating back to the Siderian period, some of which are amongst the oldest known microfossil communities
Turee_Creek_Group
Fourth and final epoch and series of the Cambrian
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Furongian
First age of the Middle Ordovician epoch
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Dapingian
First age of the Late Ordovician epoch
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Sandbian
Seventh and final stage of the Carboniferous
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Gzhelian
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Stephanian_(stage)
Second and last age of the Middle Ordovician epoch
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Darriwilian
Series of rocks from the Lower Carboniferous
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Dinantian
chronometrically - - Orosirian 2050 Defined chronometrically - - Rhyacian 2300 Defined chronometrically - - Siderian 2500 Defined chronometrically - -
List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points
List_of_Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Sections_and_Points
Unnamed 2nd series of the Cambrian
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Cambrian_Series_2
Final stage of the Cambrian Period
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Cambrian_Stage_10
First age of the Furongian epoch
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Paibian
Second stage of the Upper Ordovician
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Katian
Sicilian 0.781 0.260 sub-age Pleistocene Italy Sicily Doderlein, 1872 Siderian 2,500 2,300 period Proterozoic ICS Plumb, 1991 Silesian 326.4 299.0 subperiod
List_of_geochronologic_names
Second age of the Miaolingian epoch
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Drumian
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga) Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) Mesoarchean
Silesian_(series)
SIDERIAN
SIDERIAN
SIDERIAN
SIDERIAN
SIDERIAN
SIDERIAN
SIDERIAN
SIDERIAN
SIDERIAN