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Nuclide made up of alpha particles
An alpha nuclide is a nuclide that consists of an integer number of alpha particles. Alpha nuclides have equal, even numbers of protons and neutrons; they
Alpha_nuclide
Atomic species
energy state. The word nuclide was coined by the American nuclear physicist Truman P. Kohman in 1947. Kohman defined nuclide as a "species of atom characterized
Nuclide
Nuclides predating the Earth's formation (found on Earth)
geochemistry, geophysics and nuclear physics, primordial nuclides, or primordial isotopes, are nuclides found on Earth that have existed in their current form
Primordial_nuclide
Nuclide that does not undergo radioactive decay
Stable nuclides are isotopes of a chemical element whose nucleons are in a configuration that does not permit them the surplus energy required to produce
Stable_nuclide
Ionizing radiation particle of two protons and two neutrons
problem is largely considered to be solved. Alpha nuclide Alpha process (also known as alpha-capture, or the alpha-ladder) Beta particle Cosmic rays Helion
Alpha_particle
size and shape. The unusual cosmic abundance of alpha nuclides has inspired geometric arrangements of alpha particles as a solution to nuclear shapes, although
Shape_of_the_atomic_nucleus
Atom that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable
(radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is a nuclide that is unstable and known to undergo radioactive decay into a different nuclide, which
Radionuclide
Type of radioactive decay
the nuclei necessarily occur in neutral atoms. Alpha decay typically occurs in the heaviest nuclides. Theoretically, it can occur only in nuclei somewhat
Alpha_decay
Atoms of the same element, but different mass
Isotopes are distinct nuclear species (or nuclides) of the same chemical element. They have the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei)
Isotope
Isotope of polonium
Wagmann, M.; Zehringer, M. (2012). "Polonium – on the Trace of a Powerful Alpha Nuclide in the Environment". CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry. 66
Polonium-210
Graph of neutrons vs. protons in nuclides
A table or chart of nuclides is a two-dimensional graph of isotopes of the chemical elements, in which one axis represents the number of neutrons (symbol
Table_of_nuclides
Nuclear fusion reaction
the mass of the helium nucleus (the alpha particle). These isotopes are called alpha nuclides. The stable alpha elements are: C, O, Ne, Mg, Si, and S
Alpha_process
French chemist and physicist (1897–1956)
Wagmann, M.; Zehringer, M. (2012). "Polonium – on the Trace of a Powerful Alpha Nuclide in the Environment". CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry. 66
Irène_Joliot-Curie
Emissions from unstable atomic nuclei
natural decay chains). Eventually, a stable nuclide is produced. Any decay daughters that are the result of an alpha decay will also result in helium atoms
Radioactive_decay
Production of the elements in a supernova explosion
During hydrostatic burning these fuels synthesize overwhelmingly the alpha nuclides (A = 2Z), nuclei composed of integer numbers of helium-4 nuclei. Initially
Supernova_nucleosynthesis
Atoms of different elements with the same number of nucleons
these mass numbers can undergo alpha decay. Isotopes (nuclides having the same number of protons) Isotones (nuclides having the same number of neutrons)
Isobar_(nuclide)
Material capable of sustaining a nuclear fission chain reaction
for alpha or beta decay. Examples of these isotopes are uranium-238 and thorium-232. On the other hand, other than the lightest nuclides, nuclides with
Fissile_material
Predicted set of isotopes of relatively more stable superheavy elements
these elements. It is predicted to appear as an "island" in the chart of nuclides, separated from known stable and long-lived primordial radionuclides. Its
Island_of_stability
Type of radioactive decay
(fast energetic electron or positron), transforming into an isobar of that nuclide. For example, beta decay of a neutron transforms it into a proton by the
Beta_decay
Nuclide produced by radioactive conversion from other nuclide
radiogenic nuclide is a nuclide that is produced by a process of radioactive decay. It may itself be radioactive (a radionuclide) or stable (a stable nuclide).
Radiogenic_nuclide
Isotope of beryllium
a molecule-like cluster of two alpha particles that are very easily separated. Furthermore, while other alpha nuclides have similar short-lived resonances
Beryllium-8
Transformation of a nuclide to another
triple alpha process for an example very close to a three-body nuclear reaction). The term "nuclear reaction" may refer either to a change in a nuclide induced
Nuclear_reaction
Isotope of uranium
predicted their relative abundances, and those of their rapidly alpha-chain decaying parent nuclides. Thus they predicted 1.64 as the 235U/238U ratio contributed
Uranium-235
Smallest unit of a chemical element
System. This collection of 286 nuclides are known as primordial nuclides. Finally, an additional 53 short-lived nuclides are known to occur naturally,
Atom
Process of creating new atomic nuclei from existing nucleons
to produce nuclides which consist of whole numbers of helium nuclei, up to 15 (representing 60Ni). Such multiple-alpha-particle nuclides are totally
Nucleosynthesis
Characterization of nuclide stability
radioactive decay by alpha radiation or spontaneous fission. The shape of the valley is roughly an elongated paraboloid corresponding to the nuclide binding energies
Valley_of_stability
Very brief sequence of nuclear fusion reactions that occur in massive stars
the r-process (where the "r" stands for "rapid" neutron capture). Alpha nuclide Alpha process Stellar evolution Supernova nucleosynthesis Neutron capture:
Silicon-burning_process
Quantitative measurement of the energy of alpha particles
energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with
Alpha-particle_spectroscopy
Remaining nuclide left over from radioactive decay
daughter product, daughter isotope, radio-daughter, or daughter nuclide) is the remaining nuclide left over from radioactive decay. Radioactive decay often
Decay_product
Minimum energy required to separate particles within a nucleus
ways to create nickel-62 by alpha-addition processes, or else there would presumably be more of this highly stable nuclide in the universe. The fact that
Nuclear_binding_energy
following are among the principal radionuclides known to undergo alpha decay, emitting alpha particles. 209 Bi, 211 Bi, 212 Bi, 213 Bi 210 Po, 211 Po, 212
List of alpha-emitting nuclides
List_of_alpha-emitting_nuclides
Relative abundance of chemical elements
16 32 {\displaystyle {\ce {^{32}_{16}S}}} . Seven of the eight are alpha nuclides containing whole multiples of He-4 nuclei ( N 7 14 {\displaystyle {\ce
Oddo–Harkins_rule
Isotope of bismuth
isotope of bismuth with the longest known half-life of any nuclide that undergoes α-decay (alpha decay); the decay product is thallium-205. It has 83 protons
Bismuth-209
There are presently 251 known stable nuclides. Many of these in theory could decay through spontaneous fission, alpha decay, double beta decay, etc. with
List_of_nuclides
The Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart is a widespread table of nuclides in print. It is a two-dimensional graphical representation in the Segrè-arrangement with
Karlsruhe_Nuclide_Chart
Series of radioactive decays
superheavy nuclides synthesised do not reach the four decay chains, because they reach a spontaneously fissioning nuclide after a few alpha decays that
Decay_chain
206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb. Lead-204 is entirely a primordial nuclide and is not a radiogenic nuclide. The three isotopes lead-206, lead-207, and lead-208 represent
Isotopes_of_lead
Nuclear physics classification method
undergo alpha decay. (In theory, mass numbers 143 to 155, 160 to 162, and 165+ can also alpha decay.) This gives a total of 101 stable nuclides with odd
Even_and_odd_atomic_nuclei
Energy change of a nucleus after radioactive decay
nuclide of choice. 90 Sr performs worse than 238 Pu on almost all measures, being shorter lived, a beta emitter rather than an easily shielded alpha emitter
Decay_energy
Isotope of thorium
age of the Earth; thorium-232 therefore occurs in nature as a primordial nuclide. Other thorium isotopes occur in nature in much smaller quantities as intermediate
Thorium-232
Set of nuclides that cannot undergo beta decay
primordial nuclide, but it has never been experimentally confirmed as such.) All beta-decay stable nuclides with A ≥ 209 are known to undergo alpha decay,
Beta-decay_stable_isobars
Chemical element with atomic number 115 (Mc)
by such repulsion: alpha decay and spontaneous fission. Almost all alpha emitters have over 210 nucleons, and the lightest nuclide primarily undergoing
Moscovium
"Adopted Levels for 215Bi" (PDF). NNDC Chart of Nuclides. Imam, S (2001). "Advancements in cancer therapy with alpha-emitters: a review". International Journal
Isotopes_of_bismuth
from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN). Intermediate decay product of 237Np Used in uranium–thorium dating
Isotopes_of_uranium
Isotope of uranium
instability after polonium (84) where no nuclides have half-lives of at least four years (the longest-lived nuclide in the gap is radon-222 with a half life
Uranium-236
Natural reactions causing nucleosynthesis
boron are brought down to the ground by rain. See Cosmogenic nuclide for a list of nuclides produced by cosmic ray spallation. The x-process in cosmic rays
Cosmic_ray_spallation
Radioisotope that occurs naturally in trace amounts
include cosmic ray bombardment of stable nuclides, ordinary alpha and beta decay of the long-lived heavy nuclides, thorium-232, uranium-238, and uranium-235
Trace_radioisotope
Artificial nuclides with atomic number of 96 but with different mass numbers
the value given theoretically estimates alpha- and beta-decay branches, which is quite uncertain. The nuclide with the lowest atomic number known (almost
Isotopes_of_curium
Metastable excited state of a nuclide
half-life is 3.04×106 years to alpha decay. The half-life of a nuclear isomer can exceed that of the ground state of the same nuclide, as with the two above,
Nuclear_isomer
Form of radioactive decay
thus forms a practical limit to heavy element nucleon number. Heavier nuclides may be created instantaneously by physical processes, both natural (via
Spontaneous_fission
Isotope of uranium
tabular form, including minor branches: The mean lifetime of 238U (or any nuclide) is the half-life divided by ln(2) ≈ 0.693 (or multiplied by 1/ln(2) ≈
Uranium-238
Subatomic particle with no charge
more easily detectable radiation, for example an alpha particle, which is then detected. The nuclides 3 He, 6 Li, 10 B, 233 U, 235 U, 237 Np, and 239 Pu
Neutron
Chemical substance not composed of simpler ones
estimated age of the universe, bismuth-209 has the longest known alpha decay half-life of any nuclide, and is almost always considered on par with the 80 stable
Chemical_element
Number of neutrons in a nuclide
The neutron number (symbol N) is the number of neutrons in a nuclide. Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number: Z + N = A
Neutron_number
half-lives of, respectively, 7.7×1024 years (the longest half-life of all nuclides proven to be radioactive) and 7.9×1020 years. Artificial radioisotopes
Isotopes_of_tellurium
Chemical element with atomic number 118 (Og)
by such repulsion: alpha decay and spontaneous fission. Almost all alpha emitters have over 210 nucleons, and the lightest nuclide primarily undergoing
Oganesson
Technique used to date materials such as rocks or carbon
into a different nuclide. This transformation may be accomplished in a number of different ways, including alpha decay (emission of alpha particles) and
Radiometric_dating
Rest mass of an atom in its ground state
atomic mass of carbon-12. Thus, the numerical value of the atomic mass of a nuclide when expressed in daltons is close to its mass number. The relative isotopic
Atomic_mass
experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN). Lightest nuclide known to undergo spontaneous fission as its main decay mode
Isotopes_of_californium
Radioactive isotope of Americium
long-lifetime radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). Its common parent nuclides are β− from 241Pu, EC from 241Cm, and α from 245Bk. 241Am is fissile. The
Americium-241
Number of heavy particles in the atomic nucleus
mass differences on the order of a few electron masses. If possible, a nuclide will undergo beta decay to an adjacent isobar with lower mass. In the absence
Mass_number
from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN). Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain. Half-life not measured
Isotopes_of_astatine
Ionizing radiation
energy of the emitted radiation, its relative abundance, and the daughter nuclides after decay. Phosphorus-32 is a beta emitter widely used in medicine. It
Beta_particle
also undergo β+β+ decay to 236U Double beta decay product of 238U fissile nuclide Most useful isotope for nuclear weapons Neutron capture product of 238U
Isotopes_of_plutonium
primordial nuclides. The total number of primordial nuclides is then 251 (the stable nuclides) plus the 35 radioactive primordial nuclides, for a total
List of elements by stability of isotopes
List_of_elements_by_stability_of_isotopes
Different nuclides with the same neutron number
Two nuclides are isotones if they have the same neutron number N, but different proton number Z. For example, boron-12 and carbon-13 nuclei both contain
Isotone
instability after polonium (84) where no nuclides have half-lives of at least four years (the longest-lived nuclide in the gap is radon-222 with a half life
Isotopes_of_americium
Isotope of Carbon
importance in its use as the standard from which atomic masses of all nuclides are measured, thus, its atomic mass is exactly 12 daltons by definition
Carbon-12
Isotope of plutonium
instability after polonium (84) where no nuclides have half-lives of at least four years (the longest-lived nuclide in the gap is radon-222 with a half life
Plutonium-241
Isotope of nickel
34 neutrons. It has the highest binding energy per nucleon of any known nuclide (8.7945 MeV). It is often stated that 56 Fe is the "most stable nucleus"
Nickel-62
Type of radioactive decay
occurs in the most neutron-rich/proton-deficient nuclides, and also from excited states of other nuclides as in photoneutron emission and beta-delayed neutron
Neutron_emission
Core atomic nucleus surrounded by orbiting protons or neutrons
liquid drop model. Halo nuclei form at the extreme edges of the table of nuclides — the neutron drip line and proton drip line — and have short half-lives
Halo_nucleus
Isotope of actinium
and its daughters such as uranium-233 and thorium-229. It is the last nuclide in the chain with a half-life over a day until the penultimate product
Actinium-225
alpha source. Another benefit is that the decay chain of 225Ac ends in the nuclide 209Bi, which has a considerably shorter biological half-life than lead
Isotopes_of_actinium
Class of subatomic particle
/ even-neutron (EE) nuclides. The EE nuclides necessarily have spin 0 because of pairing. The remaining 5 stable bosonic nuclides are odd-proton / odd-neutron
Boson
least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN). Intermediate decay product of 237Np Lightest known nuclide to undergo cluster decay Used for treating
Isotopes_of_radium
Reaction that splits an atomic nucleus
process, opening up the possibility of a nuclear chain reaction. For heavy nuclides, it is an exothermic reaction which releases large amounts of energy both
Nuclear_fission
Chemical element with atomic number 114 (Fl)
by such repulsion: alpha decay and spontaneous fission. Almost all alpha emitters have over 210 nucleons, and the lightest nuclide primarily undergoing
Flerovium
primordial, as it all quickly decayed to 7Li cosmogenic nuclide Intermediate product of triple alpha process in stellar nucleosynthesis Borromean nucleus
Isotopes_of_beryllium
Component of an atomic nucleus
an atomic nucleus (nuclide), these fundamental equations become too difficult to solve directly (see lattice QCD). Instead, nuclides are studied within
Nucleon
Atomic nuclei decay delimiter
odd-Z or odd-N nuclide, for which prompt proton or neutron emission is energetically favorable in that nuclide and all other odd nuclides further outside
Nuclear_drip_line
Scientific dating of the Earth
daughter nuclide (a species of atom characterised by the number of neutrons and protons an atom contains) or an intermediate daughter nuclide may have
Age_of_Earth
Type of radioactive decay
phenomenon "artificial radioactivity", because 30 15P is a short-lived nuclide which does not exist in nature. The discovery of artificial radioactivity
Positron_emission
from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN). Populated, but no properties measured, not included in discovery
Isotopes_of_berkelium
Ratio of neutrons to protons in an atomic nucleus
ratio under one. Uranium-238 has the highest N/Z ratio of any primordial nuclide at 1.587, while mercury-204 has the highest N/Z ratio of any known stable
Neutron–proton_ratio
Chemical element with atomic number 113 (Nh)
by such repulsion: alpha decay and spontaneous fission. Almost all alpha emitters have over 210 nucleons, and the lightest nuclide primarily undergoing
Nihonium
in the Solar System as an extinct radionuclide. It is the longest-lived nuclide that has not yet been confirmed to be primordial. Its instability is due
Isotopes_of_samarium
−382 keV spin: 3/2− mode of decay: alpha to 227Ac, also others possible parent nuclides: beta from 231Th, EC from 231U, alpha from 235Np. Protactinium-233 is
Isotopes_of_protactinium
Chemical element with atomic number 117 (Ts)
by such repulsion: alpha decay and spontaneous fission. Almost all alpha emitters have over 210 nucleons, and the lightest nuclide primarily undergoing
Tennessine
published in a conference abstract and not a refereed journal Fissile nuclide Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain. Produced by neutron capture
Isotopes_of_neptunium
Energy needed to remove a specified particle from an atom's nucleus
"deuteron separation energy", "alpha separation energy", and so on. The lowest separation energy among stable nuclides is 1.67 MeV, to remove a neutron
Separation_energy
Made by a natural terrestrial nuclear reaction
cosmogenic). The nuclear reaction that produces nucleogenic nuclides is usually interaction with an alpha particle or the capture of fission or thermal neutrons
Nucleogenic
Chemical element with atomic number 85 (At)
via electron capture (to an extremely short-lived nuclide, polonium-211, which undergoes further alpha decay), very quickly reaching its stable granddaughter
Astatine
Number of protons or neutrons that make a nucleus particularly stable
heaviest stable nuclide (at least by known experimental observations). Alpha decay (the emission of a 4He nucleus – also known as an alpha particle – by
Magic_number_(physics)
Chemical element with atomic number 112 (Cn)
by such repulsion: alpha decay and spontaneous fission. Almost all alpha emitters have over 210 nucleons, and the lightest nuclide primarily undergoing
Copernicium
Graphical presentation of transitions occurring in decay of a radioactive substance
scheme. A somewhat more complicated scheme is shown here: the decay of the nuclide 198Au which can be produced by irradiating natural gold in a nuclear reactor
Decay_scheme
Isotope of plutonium
has a half-life of 87.7 years. Plutonium-238 is a very powerful alpha emitter; as alpha particles are easily blocked, this makes the plutonium-238 isotope
Plutonium-238
1968 aviation accident
line" delineating the 1-mile (1.6 km) by 3-mile (4.8 km) area in which alpha particle contamination could be measured was established by 25 January,
1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash
1968_Thule_Air_Base_B-52_crash
Chemical elements with atomic numbers from 104 to 120
by such repulsion: alpha decay and spontaneous fission. Almost all alpha emitters have over 210 nucleons, and the lightest nuclide primarily undergoing
Superheavy_element
occurs for 210mBi, a rather short-lived alpha emitter. Because of this stability, 180m Ta is a primordial nuclide, the only naturally occurring nuclear
Isotopes_of_tantalum
ALPHA NUCLIDE
ALPHA NUCLIDE
Boy/Male
African, Australian, Chinese, French, Latin, Swedish
First Letter of the Greek Alphabet; Leader
Male
African
(ox); the first letter of the Greek alphabet.
Girl/Female
Arabic
Respectable
Girl/Female
Tamil
Little
Girl/Female
American, British, English, Greek
Healer; With Healing Power
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Little; Collection of Many Small Things
Girl/Female
Indian
Little
Girl/Female
Indian
Loving
Girl/Female
Greek American
Firstbom.' The first letter of the Greek alphabet.
Boy/Male
Hindu
First letter of the greek alphabet
Boy/Male
Tamil
First letter of the greek alphabet
Girl/Female
English American
Healer.
ALPHA NUCLIDE
ALPHA NUCLIDE
Boy/Male
Tamil
Hanumant | ஹநà¯à®®à®‚தÂ
The monkey God of ramayana
Boy/Male
Muslim
Hope of the kind
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived at a place where wood was stacked, from Old English wudu ‘wood’ + fīn ‘pile’.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Righteousness
Boy/Male
Hindu
Name of a king
Male
Egyptian
, names never revealed.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Narrator of Hadith
Male
Egyptian
, Horus, Son of Amen.
Girl/Female
Latin
From France or 'free one.' Feminine of Francis.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
Smart; Intelligent; Humorous
ALPHA NUCLIDE
ALPHA NUCLIDE
ALPHA NUCLIDE
ALPHA NUCLIDE
ALPHA NUCLIDE
n.
A northern constellation, the Harp, containing a white star of the first magnitude, called Alpha Lyrae, or Vega.
n.
A five-pointed star, resembling five alphas joined at their bases; -- used as a symbol.
a.
Implying privation or negation; giving a negative force to a word; as, alpha privative; privative particles; -- applied to such prefixes and suffixes as a- (Gr. /), un-, non-, -less.
n.
The first letter in the Greek alphabet, answering to A, and hence used to denote the beginning.
n.
The seed of canary grass (Phalaris Canariensis), used for feeding cage birds.
n.
Alt. of Alpia
n.
The last letter of the Greek alphabet. See Alpha.