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In the context of gene regulation: transactivation is the increased rate of gene expression triggered either by biological processes or by artificial
Transactivation
Transcription factor scaffold domain
The transactivation domain or trans-activating domain (TAD) is a transcription factor scaffold domain which contains binding sites for other proteins
Transactivation_domain
Measure of relative response to a drug
Intrinsic activity (IA) and maximal efficacy (Emax) refer to the relative ability of a drug-receptor complex to produce a maximum functional response.
Intrinsic_activity
Protein that regulates the rate of DNA transcription
binding sites are frequently referred to as activation functions (AFs), Transactivation domain (TAD) or Trans-activating domain TAD, not to be confused with
Transcription_factor
Class of corticosteroids
expression of anti-inflammatory proteins in the nucleus (a process known as transactivation) and represses the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins in the cytosol
Glucocorticoid
Mammalian protein found in humans
modification through acetylation, which directly promotes AR-mediated transactivation, apoptosis and contact-independent growth of prostate cancer cells
Androgen_receptor
Class of chemical compounds
Thiazolidinedione ligand dependent transactivation is responsible for the majority of anti-diabetic effects.
Thiazolidinedione
Receptor to which cortisol and other glucocorticoids bind
resulting activated form GR has two principal mechanisms of action, transactivation, and transrepression, described below. A direct mechanism of action
Glucocorticoid_receptor
promoter. Localised to the C-terminus, belongs to the nine amino acids transactivation domain family, 9aaTAD, together with Oaf1, Pip2, Pdr1, Pdr3, but also
Gal4_transcription_factor
Steroid drug
LBD/AF2 (known as the N/C interaction), which is required for full transactivation of the AR. The drug has anabolic activity in vitro in C2C12 myoblasts
YK-11
Medical condition
receptors, the AR protein consists of several functional domains: the transactivation domain (also called the transcription-regulation domain or the NH2-terminal
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Androgen_insensitivity_syndrome
Class of experimental drugs
gene expression via one of two pathways: Transactivation The first (direct) pathway is called transactivation whereby the activated GR dimerizes, is translocated
Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator
Selective_glucocorticoid_receptor_modulator
Protein family
contain a KIX domain or KIX-related domain that interacts with the transactivation domain of many different transcription factors. The distinction between
KIX_domain
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein belongs to the group of histone-modifying enzymes comprising transactivation domain 9aaTAD and is involved in the epigenetic maintenance of transcriptional
KMT2A
Protein
are all involved in osteosclerosis, although Δ2ΔFosB lacks a known transactivation domain, in turn preventing it from affecting transcription through
FOSB
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
TAZ2 and IBiD of p300, each bind tightly to a sequence spanning both transactivation domains 9aaTADs of transcription factor p53. Mutations in the EP300
EP300
Mammalian protein found in humans
(p53α) comprises seven distinct protein domains: An acidic N-terminus transactivation domain (TAD), including activation domains 1 and 2 (AD1: residues 1–42;
P53
Protein found in humans
between nuclear receptors and the BRG1 chromatin-remodeling complex for transactivation". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (17): 6210–6220. doi:10.1128/MCB
Nuclear receptor coactivator 3
Nuclear_receptor_coactivator_3
Medical condition
Tapanainen JS, Savontaus ML (June 2003). "A novel sequence variation in the transactivation regulating domain of the androgen receptor in two infertile Finnish
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
Complete_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome
Class of steroid hormones
mediators (transrepression) and inducing anti-inflammatory mediators (transactivation). Immunosuppressive effects are mediated by suppressing delayed hypersensitivity
Corticosteroid
Molecular biological process
activity of the AP-1 and NF-κB transcription factors. In addition to transactivation, transrepression is an important pathway for the anti-inflammatory
Transrepression
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
contains a Rel homology domain (RHD) at its N-terminus and two C-terminal transactivation domains. c-Rel is a myeloid checkpoint protein that can be targeted
REL
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
functional role of steroid receptor coactivator-1 in ligand-induced transactivation by thyroid hormone receptor". Mol. Endocrinol. 11 (6): 755–67. doi:10
Thyroid_hormone_receptor_beta
Class of pharmaceutical drugs
Compound Active against Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Targets Transactivation Unit 5 of the Androgen Receptor". ACS Chemical Biology. 11 (9): 2499–2505
Antiandrogen
American biochemist and cancer researcher
mice with transactivation mutations in the two transactivation domains (TADs) to compromise p53 gene transactivation. The p53 transactivation mutant L25Q:W26S
Laura_Attardi
Chemical compound
to study the function of the ERα. It has 265-fold higher potency in transactivation assays of the ERα relative to the ERβ and 70-fold preference in binding
16α-LE2
Human gene
a novel member of the EID family of p300-binding proteins inhibits transactivation by MyoD". Gene. 318: 35–43. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2003.06.001. PMID 14585496
EID2
Abandoned drug
binds to the AR with an EC50 of 6.6 nM and is a partial agonist in transactivation modulation of the AR with an IP of 25 nM and Emax of 78% and has a
MK-0773
Instance of defined set in Homo sapiens with Reactome ID (R-HSA-6806560)
transformation suppressor, Pdcd4, inhibits AP-1 transactivation but not NF-kappaB or ODC transactivation". Oncogene. 20 (6): 669–76. doi:10.1038/sj.onc
AP-1_transcription_factor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
GP, Lu R (2006). "Cooperative interaction of Zhangfei and ATF4 in transactivation of the cyclic AMP response element". FEBS Lett. 580 (1): 58–62. Bibcode:2006FEBSL
CREB/ATF bZIP transcription factor
CREB/ATF_bZIP_transcription_factor
Protein family
Transactivation protein X Identifiers Symbol ? Pfam PF00739 InterPro IPR000236 Available protein structures: PDB IPR000236 PF00739 (ECOD; PDBsum)
HBx
Species of plant
Br. potently inhibit the LPS signaling pathway by suppressing the transactivation of NF-κB". International Immunopharmacology. 28 (2): 967–976. doi:10
Leonotis_nepetifolia
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
with E2A proteins in vivo. This protein is capable of inhibiting the transactivation capability of E47, an E2A protein, in mammalian cells. This gene is
MSC_(gene)
Protein-coding gene in humans
cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (cdk-3). Its phosphorylation enhances its transactivation and transcriptional activities, and enhances cell transformation. Fusion
ATF1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
RR, Renard M, Henson SE, Miner MD, Wall R, Teitell MA (2003). "Sp1 transactivation of the TCL1 oncogene". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2): 948–55. doi:10.1074/jbc
TCL1A
Human protein and coding gene
protein family. The q22.2 region of chromosome 22 encodes the N-terminal transactivation domain of the EWS protein and that region may become joined to one
RNA-binding_protein_EWS
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
S2CID 23735189. Dreyer SD, Morello R, German MS, et al. (2000). "LMX1B transactivation and expression in nail-patella syndrome". Hum. Mol. Genet. 9 (7): 1067–74
LDB1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Couse JF, Korach KS (2000). "Estrogen receptor transcription and transactivation: Estrogen receptor knockout mice: what their phenotypes reveal about
Estrogen_receptor_alpha
Protein found in humans
function of OLIG2 to suppress human glial tumor cell growth via p27Kip1 transactivation". Journal of Cell Science. 119 (Pt 7): 1433–41. doi:10.1242/jcs.02854
OLIG2
Proteins activated by the hormone estrogen
promoter of ERα-responsive genes. LKB1's catalytic activity enhances ERα transactivation compared to catalytically deficient LKB1 mutants. Direct acetylation
Estrogen_receptor
8-protein complex forming the core of nucleosomes
GCN5/PCAF-mediated H3K9ac and CBP/p300-mediated H3K18/27ac in nuclear receptor transactivation". The EMBO Journal. 30 (2): 249–62. doi:10.1038/emboj.2010.318. PMC 3025463
Histone_octamer
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the PLAGL1 gene. This gene encodes a C2H2 zinc finger protein with transactivation and DNA-binding activity. This gene has been shown to exhibit antiproliferative
PLAGL1
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
basic leucine zipper region for dimerisation and DNA-binding and a transactivation domain at C-terminus, and, like Jun proteins, it can form homodimers
Protein_c-Fos
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
This protein contains a zinc finger DNA-binding domain and several transactivation domains, and has been reported to function as a bifunctional transcription
Transcription_factor_Sp3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Gorman JJ, Whitelaw ML (2002). "Asparagine hydroxylation of the HIF transactivation domain a hypoxic switch". Science. 295 (5556): 858–61. Bibcode:2002Sci
HIF1AN
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
1999). "Bcl3, an IkappaB protein, stimulates activating protein-1 transactivation and cellular proliferation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274
Transcription_factor_Jun
Protein that responds to low oxygen
GL, Roe R, Semenza GL (July 1996). "Dimerization, DNA binding, and transactivation properties of hypoxia-inducible factor 1". The Journal of Biological
Hypoxia-inducible_factor
Chemical compound
glycosides from the fruits of Morinda citrifolia (noni) inhibit AP-1 transactivation and cell transformation in the mouse epidermal JB6 cell line". Cancer
Deacetylasperulosidic_acid
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
serine-rich domain located near the CNC motif — are required for full transactivation function of NFE2L1. NFE2L1 is a key regulator of cellular functions
NFE2L1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(2000). "Regulatory functions of Cdk9 and of cyclin T1 in HIV tat transactivation pathway gene expression". J. Cell. Biochem. 75 (3): 357–68. doi:10
POLR2A
Chemical compound
enantiomer being ERB-26. ERB-79 shows more than 484-fold selectivity for transactivation of the ERβ over the ERα. Its EC50 value for the ERβ is 0.448 nM (14
ERB-79
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Steroid receptor coactivator-1 coactivates activating protein-1-mediated transactivations through interaction with the c-Jun and c-Fos subunits". Journal of
Nuclear receptor coactivator 1
Nuclear_receptor_coactivator_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(2000). "Regulatory functions of Cdk9 and of cyclin T1 in HIV tat transactivation pathway gene expression". J. Cell. Biochem. 75 (3): 357–68. doi:10
POLR2G
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(December 1999). "Regulatory functions of Cdk9 and of cyclin T1 in HIV tat transactivation pathway gene expression". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 75 (3):
POLR2K
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
possibly created by tissue-specific splicing and is essential for transactivation activity in T cells". Journal of Immunology. 161 (7): 3455–63. doi:10
NFATC3
Protein found in humans
complex with the androgen receptor and inhibit its transcriptional transactivation ability". Cancer Research. 59 (10): 2297–2301. PMID 10344732. Wang
Cyclin_D1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
binding regulates U19/Eaf2 intracellular localization, stability, and transactivation". Prostate. 66 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1002/pros.20309. PMID 16114057. S2CID 32749490
EAF2
Paired box gene 3
containing the N-terminal PAX3 DNA-binding domain and the C-terminal FOXO1 transactivation domain. A smaller subset of ARMS cases is associated with less common
PAX3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(2000). "Regulatory functions of Cdk9 and of cyclin T1 in HIV tat transactivation pathway gene expression". J. Cell. Biochem. 75 (3): 357–68. doi:10
POLR2L
Transmembrane protein
SJ, Calandrella SO, Barrett KE (April 2000). "Carbachol-stimulated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase
Epidermal growth factor receptor
Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor
Chemical compound
agonist of the ERβ. It shows modest selectivity in terms of affinity and transactivation for the ERβ over the ERα. Its affinity for the ERβ was 3.43 μM and
DCW234
Protein family
originally classified as an orphan receptor that exhibits constitutive transactivation activity apparently by being continuously bound to a variety of fatty
Hepatocyte_nuclear_factor_4
Vertebrate receptor protein and transcription factor
region of the protein and is involved in co-activator recruitment and transactivation. AhR ligands have been generally classified into two categories, synthetic
Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor
Chemical compound
activity of the AR and its splice variants (IC50 for inhibition of AR NTD transactivation ≈ 6 μM). This is different from all currently-used antiandrogens, which
EPI-001
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
functional role of steroid receptor coactivator-1 in ligand-induced transactivation by thyroid hormone receptor". Mol. Endocrinol. 11 (6): 755–67. doi:10
Retinoid_X_receptor_alpha
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
supports NF-kappaB-mediated transcription by interacting with the transactivation domain of the p65 subunit". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (29): 26879–87. doi:10
RNF25
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Yang T, Davis RJ, Chow CW (Oct 2001). "Requirement of two NFATc4 transactivation domains for CBP potentiation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry
NFATC4
Protein-coding gene in humans
2010). "ARF antagonizes the ability of Miz-1 to inhibit p53-mediated transactivation". Oncogene. 29 (5): 711–22. doi:10.1038/onc.2009.372. PMID 19901969
CDKN2A
Chemical compound
effectiveness alone or combined with progestins on androgen receptor mediated-transactivation". Reproduction. 143 (2): 211–9. doi:10.1530/REP-11-0171. PMID 22065861
Trestolone
Family of transcription factor protein complexes
subfamily of NF-κB proteins, including RelA, RelB, and c-Rel, have a transactivation domain in their C-termini. In contrast, the NF-κB1 and NF-κB2 proteins
NF-κB
Chemical compound
a selective agonist of the ERα. It shows 286-fold selectivity for transactivation of the ERα over the ERβ, with EC50 values of 0.37 nM for the ERα (7-fold
ERA-45
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Holm T, Johansen T (February 2001). "Superactivation of Pax6-mediated transactivation from paired domain-binding sites by dna-independent recruitment of
EN1_(gene)
Protein-coding gene in humans
1999). "Bcl3, an IkappaB protein, stimulates activating protein-1 transactivation and cellular proliferation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274
BCL3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the differentiation regulated transcription factor proteins (DP), a transactivation domain enriched in acidic amino acids (Asp + Glu), and a tumor suppressor
E2F4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
binding of HLF/DBP heterodimers represents one mechanism of PAR protein transactivation of the factor VIII and factor IX genes". DNA and Cell Biology. 18 (2):
DBP_(gene)
Chemical compound
androgen receptor (AR) and has a high potency to stimulate AR-dependent transactivation. In vivo, an equimolar dose of 1-testosterone has the same potency
1-Testosterone
Chemical compound
expression of anti-inflammatory proteins in the nucleus (a process known as transactivation) and represses the expression of proinflammatory proteins in the cytosol
Beclometasone
Protein-coding gene in humans
TL, McGorry MM, Berberich SJ (December 2002). "MdmX inhibits Smad transactivation". Oncogene. 21 (57): 8776–85. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205993. PMID 12483531
Mdm2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
The protein localizes to the nucleus and displays DNA-binding and transactivation activities. It is thought to be a transcriptional coactivator, enhancing
TCF20
Protein found in humans
Whitelaw ML (February 2002). "Asparagine hydroxylation of the HIF transactivation domain a hypoxic switch". Science. 295 (5556): 858–61. Bibcode:2002Sci
EPAS1
KIX, TAZ1 and TAZ2, each bind tightly to a sequence spanning both transactivation domains 9aaTADs of transcription factor p53. SIN3 BRCA1 CREBBP Nicolas
Deficiency of RbAp48 protein and memory loss
Deficiency_of_RbAp48_protein_and_memory_loss
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Brown TL, McGorry MM, Berberich SJ (Dec 2002). "MdmX inhibits Smad transactivation". Oncogene. 21 (57): 8776–85. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205993. PMID 12483531
MDM4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
domain is phosphorylated. Acetyltransferases CBP and p300 bind to the transactivation domain. AP1, STAT5 and VDR bind to C-terminal domain. Also, ETS1 has
ETS1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Flory E, Avots A, Jordan BW, Kirchhoff F, Ludwig S, Rapp UR (2000). "Transactivation of naturally occurring HIV-1 long terminal repeats by the JNK signaling
JUNB
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of erythroid (red blood) cells. The molecule has two domains; the transactivation domain and the chromatin-remodeling domain. The carboxyl (C) terminal
KLF1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"c-MYC interacts with INI1/hSNF5 and requires the SWI/SNF complex for transactivation function". Nat Genet. 22 (1): 102–5. doi:10.1038/8811. PMID 10319872
SMARCB1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
a novel, predominantly nucleolar protein which may play a role in transactivation by Myb". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 18 (2): 989–1002. doi:10.1128/MCB
MYB_(gene)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
2001). "Inhibition of cyclin A/Cdk2 phosphorylation impairs B-Myb transactivation function without affecting interactions with DNA or the CBP coactivator"
MYBL2
Medical condition
regulate its activity. The transcription factor also contains two transactivation domains and one negative regulatory domain which interact with nuclear
Emberger_syndrome
discovered site-directed synthesis of long-acting drugs, and studying the transactivation of the human herpesviruses by body burden dioxins. He was elected an
Ilya_B._Tsyrlov
Medical condition
coactivator MECT1 (also known as CRTC1, TORC1 or WAMTP1) is fused to the transactivation domain of the Notch coactivator MAML2. A possible association with
Mucoepidermoid_carcinoma
Belgian scientist
This demonstrated that regulatory genes can activate target genes ("transactivation"), despite the repression caused by a negative regulator. Thomas identified
René_Thomas_(biologist)
Chemical compound
AK, et al. (May 2017). "A Slow Conformational Switch in the BMAL1 Transactivation Domain Modulates Circadian Rhythms". Molecular Cell. 66 (4): 447–457
Proline
Human protein and coding gene
Keap1, through the conserved sites ETGE and DLG. Neh4 and Neh5 act as transactivation domains by binding to cAMP Response Element Binding Protein (CREB)
NFE2L2
Pharmaceutical compound
Paar M, Zhou Q, Usluer S, et al. (July 2025). "The disordered p53 transactivation domain is the target of FOXO4 and the senolytic compound FOXO4-DRI"
FOXO4-DRI
Nuclear protein that binds to CREB
Newton AL, Sharpe BK, Kwan A, Mackay JP, Crossley M (May 2000). "The transactivation domain within cysteine/histidine-rich region 1 of CBP comprises two
CREB-binding_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
activation domain in the C-terminal subunit of HCF-1 is important for transactivation by VP16 and LZIP". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (21): 13403–8.
CREB3
Protein-coding gene in humans
have DNA binding activities, while the P/S/T-rich domain possesses a transactivation function. PAX6(5a) is a product of the alternatively spliced exon 5a
PAX6
Chemical compound
partial agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor with relative loss of transactivation activities, but retention of transrepression activities, compared to
Vamorolone
Protein that controls rate of transcription of GH genes
the anterior pituitary gland. It contains a C-terminal domain for transactivation. Another domain is DNA binding—its C-terminal portion is homologous
Pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1
Pituitary-specific_positive_transcription_factor_1
TRANSACTIVATION
TRANSACTIVATION
TRANSACTIVATION
TRANSACTIVATION
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Beloved
Boy/Male
Indian, Sindhi, Traditional
Prince; Leader
Girl/Female
Arabic
Golden
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Thankful
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Night
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Awake; Outstanding
Boy/Male
Tamil
Apshrut | அபà¯à®·à¯à®°à¯à®¤
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Beauty; Splendour; Brilliance; Fashion; Form; Figure
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old Norse byname Krókr meaning ‘crook’, ‘bend’, originally possibly bestowed on a cripple or hunchback or a devious schemer, but in early medieval England used as a personal name.English : from Old Norse krókr ‘hook’, ‘bend’, borrowed into Middle English as a vocabulary word and applied as a metonymic occupational name for a maker, seller, or user of hooks or a topographic name for someone who lived by a bend in a river or road. In some instances the surname may have arisen as a habitational name from places in Cumbria and Durham named Crook from this word.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, German, Latin
Trust; Belief; Faithful; Faith; Hope; Charity
TRANSACTIVATION
TRANSACTIVATION
TRANSACTIVATION
TRANSACTIVATION
TRANSACTIVATION