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Chemical compound
Proline (symbol Pro or P) is an organic acid classed as a proteinogenic amino acid (used in the biosynthesis of proteins), although it does not contain
Proline
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up proline in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Proline is an amino acid. Proline (data page) Proline or Pro-Line may also refer to: Proline FC, football
Proline_(disambiguation)
Arginine and proline metabolism is one of the central pathways for the biosynthesis of the amino acids arginine and proline from glutamate. The pathways
Arginine and proline metabolism
Arginine_and_proline_metabolism
Class of proteins
Proline-rich proteins (PRPs) are a class of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) containing several repeats of a short proline-rich sequence. Many
Proline_rich_protein
Chemical compound
synthesized a racemic mixture of 4-hydroxyproline. Hydroxyproline differs from proline by the presence of a hydroxyl (OH) group attached to the gamma carbon atom
Hydroxyproline
Enzyme
enzymology, proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) (EC 1.5.5.2, formerly EC 1.5.99.8) is an enzyme of the oxidoreductase family, active in the oxidation of L-proline to
Proline_dehydrogenase
Reaction in organic chemistry
and Barbas-List reactions in organic chemistry are a family of proline-catalysed asymmetric aldol reactions. In the 1970s, two research groups
Proline-catalyzed aldol reactions
Proline-catalyzed_aldol_reactions
In epigenetics, proline isomerization is the effect that cis-trans isomerization of the amino acid proline has on the regulation of gene expression. Similar
Proline isomerization in epigenetics
Proline_isomerization_in_epigenetics
Protein family
enzymology, a proline racemase (EC 5.1.1.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-proline ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D-proline Hence
Proline_racemase
Human gene and protein
Proline-Rich Protein 23A is a protein that is encoded by the Proline-Rich 23A (PRR23A) gene. The human PRR23A gene is on chromosome 3 at position 3q23
PRR23A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Proline-rich 12 (PRR12) is a protein of unknown function encoded by the gene PRR12. The Homo sapiens PRR12 gene is 34,785 base pairs long, contains 14
Proline-rich_12
Procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-proline Fe(IV)=O Fe(II) 3-hydroxyproline In
Procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase
Procollagen-proline_3-dioxygenase
Medical condition
affecting reabsorption of the amino acid glycine, and the imino acids proline and hydroxyproline. This results in excess urinary excretion of all three
Iminoglycinuria
Class of organic chemistry reactions
Proline organocatalysis is the use of proline as an organocatalyst in organic chemistry. This theme is often considered the starting point for the area
Proline_organocatalysis
Experimental psychiatric medication
Lithium salicylate/L-proline cocrystal, LiProSal, LISPRO) is a form of lithium that combines lithium salicylate and the amino acid L-proline. The ionic cocrystal
Lithium_cocrystal
Index of enzymes associated with the same name
Proline aminopeptidase may refer to: Prolyl aminopeptidase, an enzyme Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase, an enzyme This set index page lists enzyme articles associated
Proline_aminopeptidase
Enzyme
Procollagen-proline dioxygenase, commonly known as prolyl hydroxylase, is a member of the class of enzymes known as alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases
Procollagen-proline dioxygenase
Procollagen-proline_dioxygenase
Enzyme
interconvert the cis and trans isomers of peptide bonds with the amino acid proline. Proline has an unusually conformationally restrained peptide bond due to its
Prolyl_isomerase
Medical condition
acid proline is not broken down properly by the enzymes proline oxidase or pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, causing a buildup of proline in the
Hyperprolinemia
D-proline dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.13, D-Pro DH, D-Pro dehydrogenase, dye-linked D-proline dehydrogenase) is an enzyme with systematic name D-proline:acceptor
D-proline_dehydrogenase
Small neuroactive peptide
Cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) is a small neuroactive peptide that belongs to a group of bioactive 2,5-diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs) and is also known as
Cyclic_glycine-proline
Most abundant structural protein in animals
amino acid sequence are glycine-proline-X and glycine-X-hydroxyproline, where X is any amino acid other than glycine, proline or hydroxyproline. The table
Collagen
Index of enzymes associated with the same name
L-proline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase may refer to: Procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase Procollagen-proline dioxygenase Proline 3-hydroxylase This
L-proline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase
L-proline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen_oxidoreductase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Proline rich 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRR13 gene. Proline "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information
Proline_rich_13
Proline 3-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.28) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: L-proline Fe(IV)=O Fe(II) cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline The
Proline_3-hydroxylase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Proline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRODH gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial proline
Proline_oxidase
Chemical compound
two naturally occurring milk peptides: isoleucine-proline-proline (IPP) and valine-proline-proline (VPP). These lactotripeptides are derived from casein
Lactotripeptides
Method in organic chemistry
Covalent binding of substrate normally requires high catalyst loading (for proline-catalysis typically 20–30 mol%). Noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen-bonding
Organocatalysis
Chemical compound
Nitrosoproline is a nitroso derivative of the amino acid proline. v t e
Nitrosoproline
name of this enzyme class is L-proline:NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include proline oxidase, L-proline oxidase, 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate_reductase
Chemical data page
Standard temperature and pressure. Reliability of data general note. ^a 205-702-2 EINECS for Proline ^a CID 6148988 from PubChem ^a CID 6137 from PubChem
Proline_(data_page)
Association football club in Uganda
Proline FC, or short Proline, is a Ugandan professional football based in Kampala, currently competing in the Ugandan regional leagues. The team was founded
Proline_FC
Drug discovery
succinyl-L-proline. The optimal acyl chain length for mercaptoalkanoyl derivates of proline was found to be 3-mercaptopropanoyl-L-proline, 5 times greater
Discovery and development of ACE inhibitors
Discovery_and_development_of_ACE_inhibitors
L-proline amide hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.101, S-stereoselective piperazine-2-tert-butylcarboxamide hydrolase, LaaA, L-amino acid amidase) is an enzyme with
L-proline_amide_hydrolase
Main protein structure of fibrous collagen
repetitious amino acid sequence glycine-X-Y, where X and Y are frequently proline or hydroxyproline. Collagen folded into a triple helix is known as tropocollagen
Collagen_helix
Proline-rich protein 30 (PRR30 or C2orf53) is a protein in humans that is encoded for by the PRR30 gene. PRR30 is a member in the family of Proline-rich
Proline-rich_protein_30
chemical reaction 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid + NADH H+ H+ L-proline + NAD+ The three substrates of this enzyme are 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylic
Pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase
Pyrroline-2-carboxylate_reductase
Asymmetric catalyst derived from proline
derived from proline. It finds many uses in organic reactions such as the CBS reduction, Diels-Alder reactions and (3+2) cycloadditions. Proline, a naturally
CBS_catalyst
Organic compound
imino acids. Also the direct biosynthetic precursor to the amino acid proline is the imino acid (S)-Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). Secondary amino
Imino_acid
Class of enzymes
Prolyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.5, proline aminopeptidase, Pro-X aminopeptidase, cytosol aminopeptidase V, proline iminopeptidase) is an enzyme. This
Prolyl_aminopeptidase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Proline and serine-rich protein 2 (PROSER2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROSER2 gene. PROSER2, or C10orf47 (Chromosome 10 open reading
Proline and serine-rich protein 2
Proline_and_serine-rich_protein_2
Class of enzymes
metabolism of arginine and proline. However, recent data show that it is unlikely since neither 4-oxo-L-proline nor cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline are metabolites of
4-oxoproline_reductase
Organic ring compound (C4H4NH)
aminotransferase, followed by cyclisation by ornithine cyclodeaminase to form proline. Proline can be used as precursor of aromatic pyrroles in secondary natural
Pyrrole
Protein-coding gene in humans
Proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRRT2 gene. This gene encodes a transmembrane protein containing a
PRRT2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Proline-rich protein HaeIII subfamily 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRH2 gene. ENSG00000275679, ENSG00000272803 GRCh38: Ensembl release
Proline-rich protein HaeIII subfamily 2
Proline-rich_protein_HaeIII_subfamily_2
Chemical compound
into proline. L-P5C + NADH H+ H+ L-proline + NAD+ In proline degradation, the enzyme proline dehydrogenase produces P5C from proline, and
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic_acid
Chemical compound
known as testosterone 17β-(1-((5-(aminosulfonyl)-2-pyridinyl)carbonyl)-L-proline), is an androgen and anabolic steroid which is under development by Evestra
EC586
Colostrinin (also known as CLN, proline-rich polypeptides or PRP) is a mixture of proline-rich polypeptides extracted from colostrum from sheep and cows
Colostrinin
Class of enzymes
Hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.29, HIF hydroxylase) is an enzyme with systematic name hypoxia-inducible factor-L-proline, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen
Hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase
Hypoxia-inducible_factor-proline_dioxygenase
Amino acid
Pseudoproline (also pseudo-proline, ψ-Pro) derivatives are artificially created dipeptides to minimize aggregation during Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of
Pseudoproline
Non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens
Splicing factor, proline- and glutamine-rich is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFPQ gene. SFPQ has been shown to interact with PTBP1, NONO
SFPQ
Chemical compound
intermediate alcohol is not isolated. An enantioselective synthesis employs L-proline as an organocatalyst: This reaction was reported in 1971 by Z. G. Hajos
Wieland–Miescher_ketone
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, a critical step in the de novo biosynthesis of proline, ornithine and arginine. Mutations in this gene lead to hyperammonemia
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1
Aldehyde_dehydrogenase_18_family,_member_A1
Organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groups
cysteine residues. Proline forms a cycle to the polypeptide backbone, and glycine is more flexible than other amino acids. Glycine and proline are strongly
Amino_acid
Chemical compound
(abbreviated Aze or Azc) is a plant non-protein amino acid homologue of proline with the molecular formula C4H7NO2. Aze is a heterocyclic, 4 membered ring
Azetidine-2-carboxylic_acid
Type of protein secondary structure
protein secondary structure which occurs in proteins comprising repeating proline residues. A left-handed polyproline II helix (PPII, poly-Pro II, κ-helix)
Polyproline_helix
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
matrix NAD-dependent dehydrogenase that catalyzes the second step of the proline degradation pathway, converting pyrroline-5-carboxylate to glutamate. Deficiency
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1
Aldehyde_dehydrogenase_4_family,_member_A1
Form of milk produced immediately following the delivery of newborn
system, such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, complement, and proline-rich polypeptides (PRP). Cytokines (small messenger peptides that control
Colostrum
Chemical compound
white solid. It arises in nature by dehydrogenation of the amino acid proline. It also arises by carboxylation of pyrrole. The ethyl ester of this acid
Pyrrole-2-carboxylic_acid
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Proline rich 5 like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRR5L gene. Involved in ubiquitination along with TORC2 signaling as part of the TORC2
Proline_rich_5_like
Human neurodegenerative disease
effects seen in patients. The P102L mutation, which causes a substitution of proline to a leucine in codon 102, has been found in the prion protein gene (PRNP
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Proline rich 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRR11 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000068489 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl
Proline_rich_11
Medical condition
when oxygen is present due to the post translational hydroxylation of two proline residues within the HIF1α protein. pVHL is an E3 ligase that ubiquitinates
Von_Hippel–Lindau_disease
chemical reaction L-ornithine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } L-proline + NH4+ This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically ammonia
Ornithine_cyclodeaminase
Ugandan footballer (born 1995)
University, Kampala City Council, Proline FC, Al Nasr and currently in Jomo Cosmos FC in South Africa. He joined Proline FC in 2016 from Kampala City Council
Daniel_Isiagi_Opolot
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Large proline-rich protein BAG6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAG6 gene. A cluster of genes, BAT1-BAT5, has been localized in the vicinity
Large proline-rich protein BAG6
Large_proline-rich_protein_BAG6
Chemical compound
EC508, also known as estradiol 17β-(1-(4-(aminosulfonyl)benzoyl)-L-proline), is an estrogen which is under development by Evestra for use in menopausal
EC508
Chemical compound
features a L-proline amino acid derivative linked through amide group with an eight-carbon aminothio sugar. The two units 4-propyl-L-proline and the amino-octose
Lincomycin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Proline rich acidic protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRAP1 gene. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025467 – Ensembl, May
PRAP1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
495. PMID 9149945. "Entrez Gene: P4HA2 procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate 4-dioxygenase (proline 4-hydroxylase), alpha polypeptide II". Further reading
P4HA2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Proline rich 35 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRR35 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000161992 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human PubMed
PRR35
Set of biochemical processes
α-ketoglutarate family of amino acid synthesis (synthesis of glutamate, glutamine, proline and arginine) begins with α-ketoglutarate, an intermediate in the Citric
Amino_acid_synthesis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Proline-rich basic protein 1 (PROB1) is a protein encoded by the PROB1 gene located on human chromosome 5, open reading frame 65. PROB1 is also known
PROB1
Group of sports betting games
Sport Select, also known as Pro-Line or ProLine in Atlantic Canada, British Columbia, and Ontario, and Mise-O-Jeu in Quebec, is a group of sports betting
Sport_Select
Measure
wine, all 21 amino acids can be found in trace amounts with arginine, proline and glutamine being the most abundant. However, as Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Free_amino_nitrogen
Chemical compound
intermediates leading up to these types of inhibitors. "Suglat (ipragliflozin L-proline) Tablets 25 mg, 50 mg. Prescribing Information" (PDF) (in Japanese). Astellas
Ipragliflozin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PRR29 (proline-rich protein 29) is a protein encoded by the PRR29 gene located in humans on chromosome 17 at 17q23. Its function is not fully understood
PRR29
Reaction in organic chemistry
amines, usually derived from proline. In the reaction between cyclohexanone and β-nitrostyrene sketched below, the base proline is derivatized and works in
Michael_addition_reaction
Topics referred to by the same term
clinical trials Pressure-retarded osmosis Pro (or P), an abbreviation for proline, an amino acid Protein Ontology, a Protein Information Resource database
Pro
French multinational retail company
Fnac Darty SA, formerly Groupe Fnac S.A., is a multinational retail company headquartered in Ivry-sur-Seine, France. It took its current name after acquiring
Fnac_Darty
Amino acids not naturally encoded in the genome
levo conformation, with the exception of glycine, which is achiral, and proline, whose amine group is a secondary amine and is consequently frequently
Non-proteinogenic_amino_acids
Class of enzymes
enzymology, a proline–tRNA ligase or proline—tRNA ligase (accepted enzyme name) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + L-proline + tRNAPro
Proline–tRNA_ligase
Class of enzymes
is involved in the ultimate formation of the non-essential amino acid proline from the amino acid ornithine. Ornithine aminotransferase forms the initial
Ornithine_aminotransferase
Entropy associated with a molecule's possible conformations
Multiple proline substitutions cumulatively thermostabilize Bacillus cereus ATCC7064 oligo-1,6-glucosidase. Irrefragable proof supporting the proline rule
Conformational_entropy
Class of enzymes
lymphopeptidase, imidoendopeptidase, peptidase B, alanine-phenylalanine-proline arylamidase, peptidase T) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following
Tripeptide_aminopeptidase
Protein domain
Apart from binding preferentially to proteins that are proline-rich, with particular proline-motifs, [AP]-P-P-[AP]-Y, some WW domains bind to phosphoserine-
WW_domain
Amino acids containing a secondary amine
can be classified to cyclic acids, such as proline, and acyclic N-substituted amino acids. In nature, proline, hydroxyproline, pipecolic acid and sarcosine
Secondary_amino_acid
Chemical compound
excrement, by Max Jaffe in 1877. It is a key substrate for the biosynthesis of proline, polyamines and citrulline, but as a non-essential amino acid it is not
Ornithine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Proline-rich protein 21 (PRR21) is a protein of the family of proline-rich proteins. It is encoded by the PRR21 gene, which is found on human chromosome
Proline-rich_protein_21
Pharmaceutical compound
potential of thymosin-beta4 and its derivative N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) in cardiac healing after infarction". American Journal of Cardiovascular
Ac-SDKP
Russian composer
Russian film producer, film music composer, musician, head of the companies Proline Film and Studio ACDC. Andrey Sigle was born on May 17, 1964, in Gorky.
Andrey_Sigle
Intravenous medication used in anesthesia
Caesium D-Alanine D-Serine GABA Glycine Hypotaurine Ivermectin L-Alanine L-Proline L-Serine L-Threonine MDL-27531 Milacemide Picolinic acid Propofol Quisqualamine
Propofol
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
catalyzes the conversion of pyrroline-5-carboxylate to proline, which is the last step in proline biosynthesis. Loss of PYCR2 does not lead to a gross defect
PYCR2
Extracellular protein in Homo sapiens
PRP36 (Proline Rich Protein 36) is an extracellular protein in Homo sapiens that is encoded by the PRR36 (Proline Rich Region 36) gene that contains a
PRP36
Amino acids required in diet since they can not be synthesized in body
catabolic distress. These six are arginine, cysteine, glycine, glutamine, proline, and tyrosine. Six amino acids are non-essential (dispensable) in humans
Essential_amino_acid
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
encoding small proline-rich proteins". Genomics. 16 (3): 630–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1240. PMID 8325635. "Entrez Gene: SPRR1A small proline-rich protein
SPRR1A
In enzymology, a D-proline reductase (dithiol) (EC 1.21.4.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5-aminopentanoate + lipoate ⇌ {\displaystyle
D-proline_reductase_(dithiol)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Basic salivary proline-rich protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRB4 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a proline-rich salivary
PRB4
aminoacylproline carboxypeptidase, prolyl carboxypeptidase, carboxypeptidase P, proline-specific carboxypeptidase P, PCP) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the
Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase
Lysosomal_Pro-X_carboxypeptidase
Mexican surfer (born 2002)
World Tour Sponsors Quiksilver, TPatterson Surfboards, Oakley, Futures, Proline, Nixon Major achievements 2023 ISA World Surfing Games Champion 1x US Open
Alan_Cleland
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