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Proteins activated by the hormone estrogen
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are proteins found in cells that function as receptors for the hormone estrogen (17β-estradiol). There are two main classes of
Estrogen_receptor
Primary female sex hormone
they bind to and activate estrogen receptors (ERs) which in turn modulate the expression of many genes. Additionally, estrogens bind to and activate rapid-signaling
Estrogen
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a
Estrogen_receptor_alpha
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) also known as NR3A2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 2) is one of two main types of estrogen receptor—a nuclear
Estrogen_receptor_beta
Drugs acting on the estrogen receptor
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), also known as estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists (ERAAs), are a class of drugs that act on estrogen receptors
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Selective_estrogen_receptor_modulator
Class of drugs
effects in the body. They act by blocking the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or inhibiting or suppressing estrogen production. Antiestrogens are one of three
Antiestrogen
Type of medication
among others. Estrogens are agonists of the estrogen receptors, the biological targets of endogenous estrogens like estradiol. They have important effects
Estrogen_(medication)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), also known as NR3B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group B, member 1), is a nuclear receptor that in humans is
Estrogen-related receptor alpha
Estrogen-related_receptor_alpha
Receptor group
Membrane estrogen receptors or membrane oestrogen receptors (mERs) are a group of receptors which bind estrogen. Unlike nuclear estrogen receptors, which
Membrane_estrogen_receptor
Class of drugs
A selective estrogen receptor degrader or downregulator (SERD) is a type of drug that selectively binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) and induces its degradation
Selective estrogen receptor degrader
Selective_estrogen_receptor_degrader
Laboratory test
The estrogen receptor test (ERT) is a laboratory test to determine whether cancer cells have estrogen receptors. This information can guide treatment
Estrogen_receptor_test
Medical condition
caused by a defective estrogen receptor (ER) – specifically, the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) – that results in an inability of estrogen to mediate its biological
Estrogen insensitivity syndrome
Estrogen_insensitivity_syndrome
selective estrogen receptor modulator and selective estrogen receptor degrader for breast cancer Fulvestrant-3 boronic acid (ZB716) – estrogen receptor antagonist
List of investigational sex-hormonal agents
List_of_investigational_sex-hormonal_agents
Hormone therapy used to treat symptoms of menopause
selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for osteoporosis, cholesterol-lowering agents and aspirin for cardiovascular disease, and vaginal estrogen for
Hormone_replacement_therapy
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERR-gamma), also known as NR3B3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group B, member 3), is a nuclear receptor that in humans
Estrogen-related receptor gamma
Estrogen-related_receptor_gamma
Investigational sexual dysfunction drugs
PF-3274167) – oxytocin receptor antagonist – premature ejaculation [18] Estetrol (Donesta; E4) – estrogen (estrogen receptor agonist) – atrophic vaginitis
List of investigational sexual dysfunction drugs
List_of_investigational_sexual_dysfunction_drugs
Chemical compound
loss of bone mass due to a relative estrogen deficiency. The estrogen receptor, as well as the progesterone receptor, have been detected in the skin, including
Estradiol
Hormone therapy for cancer
intracellular, as in the case of steroid hormone receptors.[citation needed] Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are an important class of hormonal
Hormonal_therapy_(oncology)
Hormone therapy
antiestrogens or estrogen blockers such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen, selective estrogen receptor degraders such
Estrogen_deprivation_therapy
Group of protein families
(ERs): There are two subtypes, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), which bind to the hormone estrogen. They regulate gene expression
Steroid_hormone_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER), also known as G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPER gene
GPER
Ester of an estrogen
estradiol for the estrogen receptor. Estrone sulfate has less than 1% of the affinity of estradiol for the estrogen receptor. As such, estrogen esters do not
Estrogen_ester
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
sold under the brand name Nolvadex among others, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to prevent breast cancer in women and men. It is also
Tamoxifen
Protein found in humans
receptor coactivator 3 has been shown to interact with: Androgen receptor, CHUK and CREB-binding protein, Estrogen receptor alpha, Estrogen receptor beta
Nuclear receptor coactivator 3
Nuclear_receptor_coactivator_3
Isoflavandiol estrogen metabolized from daidzein
binding affinity for human estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and 20% of estradiol's binding affinity for human estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). The preferential
Equol
Infertility treatment for women
unknown cause or who are pregnant. Clomifene is in the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) family of medication and is a nonsteroidal medication
Clomifene
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Estrogen-related receptor beta (ERR-β), also known as ESRRB or NR3B2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group B, member 2), is a nuclear receptor that in
Estrogen-related receptor beta
Estrogen-related_receptor_beta
Use of hormones in medical treatment
cancer Estrogen deprivation therapy for women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer High-dose estrogen therapy for women with estrogen receptor-positive
Hormone_therapy
Estrogen medication
uterus. Ethinylestradiol is an estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptors, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. It is a synthetic
Ethinylestradiol
Protein
nuclear receptors include members of subfamily 3, such as the androgen receptor, estrogen receptors, glucocorticoid receptor, and progesterone receptor. The
Nuclear_receptor
biological targets, the sex hormone receptors. The sex hormones include androgens such as testosterone, estrogens such as estradiol, and progestogens
Sex-hormonal_agent
Type of hormone therapy
have been used in clinical medicine for the following indications: Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in women As a means of androgen deprivation
High-dose_estrogen_therapy
Orphan nuclear receptor
with estrogen receptors, but do not appear to bind estrogens or other tested steroid hormones. There are three human estrogen related receptors: ERRα
Estrogen-related_receptor
refers to estrogen receptor positive tumors (i.e. tumors that contain estrogen receptor positive cells), but can also include progesterone receptor positive
Hormone receptor positive breast cancer
Hormone_receptor_positive_breast_cancer
Chemical compound
is an estrogen receptor alpha antagonist and a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD). Camizestrant is an oral selective estrogen receptor degrader
Camizestrant
Breast cancer drug
so by interfering with the estrogen receptor. However, letrozole is effective only in post-menopausal women, in whom estrogen is produced predominantly
Letrozole
Chemical compound
oral selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) developed by Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)
Giredestrant
Time when menstrual periods stop permanently
is usually a natural change related to a decrease in circulating blood estrogen levels. It can occur earlier in those who smoke tobacco. Other causes include
Menopause
Type of hormone replacement therapy with unclear efficacy
manufacture all estrogens, including bioidentical estrogens, and to compounds that interact with estrogen receptors similarly to estrogen molecules but
Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy
Bioidentical_hormone_replacement_therapy
Steroidal hormone medication
bioidentical estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like endogenous estradiol. Due to its estrogenic activity
Estradiol_(medication)
Class of pharmaceutical drugs
of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) became evident. The first SERM, tamoxifen, was originally developed as an anti-estrogen contraceptive
Selective androgen receptor modulator
Selective_androgen_receptor_modulator
Chemical compound
an estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptors, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. It is a synthetic and nonsteroidal estrogen of
Diethylstilbestrol
bioidentical estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like endogenous estradiol. Due to its estrogenic activity
Pharmacokinetics_of_estradiol
Medical classification system
may have various receptors, the three most important in the present classification being estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2/neu
Breast_cancer_classification
Class of drugs
responsible for converting androgens into estrogens. They are primarily used in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, particularly in
Aromatase_inhibitor
Plant-derived xenoestrogen
their effects primarily through binding to estrogen receptors (ER). There are two variants of the estrogen receptor, alpha (ER-α) and beta (ER-β) and many
Phytoestrogen
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and therefore a mixed agonist–antagonist of the estrogen receptor (ER). It has estrogenic effects in bone
Raloxifene
Estrogen medication
are estrogens, or agonists of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. Compared to estradiol, certain estrogens in CEEs
Conjugated_estrogens
Biological process in primates
found to play a direct, augmenting role as well, as it increases estrogen receptor (ER) expression in breast stromal (connective) tissue, while IGF-1
Breast_development
Chemical compound
nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator of the triphenylethylene group, acts by antagonizing the estrogen receptor (ER) in the pituitary gland
Enclomifene
bioidentical estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like endogenous estradiol. Due to its estrogenic activity
Pharmacodynamics_of_estradiol
Medical intervention
for hormone receptor-positive cancer. Aromatase in fat and muscle can circulate estrogen in postmenopausal women. Aromatase in highly estrogen-sensitive
Antihormone_therapy
Combination drug
postmenopausal osteoporosis. It contains the selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene and conjugated estrogens. It is taken by mouth. The combination was
Bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
Bazedoxifene/conjugated_estrogens
Form of adipose tissue
signaling than visceral adipose deposits due to higher concentrations of estrogen receptors than the latter. Studies have shown that not only does body fat distribution
Estrogenic_fat
This is a list of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). SERMs that have been approved for medical use include anordrin (+mifepristone (Zi Yun))
List of selective estrogen receptor modulators
List_of_selective_estrogen_receptor_modulators
Type of gender-affirming medical treatment
Antiestrogens (or so-called "estrogen blockers") like aromatase inhibitors (AIs) (e.g., anastrozole) or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) (e.g
Masculinizing_hormone_therapy
Gender-affirming medical treatment
therapy – for transgender women or transfeminine people; consists of estrogens with or without antiandrogens. Eligibility for GAHT may require an assessment
Gender-affirming hormone therapy
Gender-affirming_hormone_therapy
Type of gender-affirming medical treatment
Estrogens act by binding to and activating the estrogen receptor (ER), their biological target in the body. A variety of different forms of estrogens
Feminizing_hormone_therapy
Transdermal delivery system for estrogens
An estrogen patch, or oestrogen patch, is a transdermal delivery system for estrogens such as estradiol and ethinylestradiol which can be used in menopausal
Estrogen_patch
Endocrine therapy is a common treatment for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. However, resistance to this therapy can develop, leading to relapse
Endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer
Endocrine_therapy_resistance_in_breast_cancer
Class of drugs
are nonsteroidal substances with estrogenic activity. Nonsteroidal estrogens act as agonists of the estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ. Stilbestrols: benzestrol
Nonsteroidal_estrogen
Study of interactions between the toxicant and a biological target
These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as
Toxicodynamics
Compounds from outside the body that mimic estrogen
action is binding of the exogenous compounds that mimic estrogen to the estrogen binding receptors and cause the determined action in the target organs.
Xenoestrogen
Chemical compound
valerate is an estrogen and hence is an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. It is an estrogen ester and a
Estradiol_valerate
Pharmaceutical drug
breakthrough bleeding among others. EEs are estrogen and agonist of the estrogen receptors, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. EEs are a prodrug
Esterified_estrogens
Chemical compound
an estrogen and hence is an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. Estradiol cypionate is an estrogen ester
Estradiol_cypionate
American professor of physiology and cell biology
delineated structure-function relationships and mechanisms of action of estrogen receptors alpha and beta. She has clarified the molecular basis of action of
Benita_Katzenellenbogen
Chemicals that can interfere with endocrine or hormonal systems
examining, for instance, if an agent interacts with the estrogen receptor or the androgen receptor) and via the use of in animal models, such as development
Endocrine_disruptor
Medication
17β-estradiol, 17α-estradiol, while it still binds to the estrogen receptor, has less or no feminizing estrogenic activity depending on its dosage and the tissue
Alfatradiol
Progestin medication
agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has weak androgenic and estrogenic activity, mostly at high
Norethisterone
question. Classes of selective receptor modulators include: Selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) Selective
Selective_receptor_modulator
Chemical compound
article. Estrone is an estrogen, specifically an agonist of the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. It is a far less potent estrogen than is estradiol, and
Estrone
Chemical compound
enanthate is an estrogen and hence is an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. It is an estrogen ester and a
Estradiol_enanthate
Chemical compound
aromatized (not converted into an estrogen), both testosterone and DHT are bioactive and bind to an androgen receptor; however, DHT has a stronger binding
Testosterone_enanthate
Class of pharmaceutical drugs
and are analogous to selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) like fulvestrant (a drug used to treat estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer). Similarly
Antiandrogen
This is a list of steroidal estrogens or derivatives of estradiol, estrone, and estriol. Most esters of these estrogens are not included in this list;
List_of_estrogens
Chemical compound
with weak estrogenic, progestogenic, and androgenic activity, and hence is an agonist of the estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors. It is a prodrug
Tibolone
Chemical compound
progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It is a relatively weak progestogen. The medication has weak estrogenic activity
Noretynodrel
Pharmaceutical drug classification
Etynodiol and estrogen G03FA07 Lynestrenol and estrogen G03FA08 Megestrol and estrogen G03FA09 Noretynodrel and estrogen G03FA10 Norgestrel and estrogen G03FA11
ATC_code_G03
Chemical compound
Elacestrant, sold under the brand name Orserdu, is a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) used in the treatment of breast cancer. It is taken by
Elacestrant
are mediated through the estrogen receptor (ER). Estrogen receptors, which belong to a large superfamily of nuclear receptors, are transcription factors
E-SCREEN
Human glycoprotein that binds to androgens and estrogens
steroid-binding globulin (SSBG) is a glycoprotein that binds to androgens and estrogens. When produced by the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules of the
Sex_hormone–binding_globulin
Chemical compound
treatment of adults with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, estrogen receptor-1 (ESR1)-mutated advanced
Vepdegestrant
Pharmaceutical company
company working on drugs in the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) classes. Its drugs in development
GTx_Incorporated
Chemical compound
plasma levels during pregnancy. Estetrol has a moderate affinity for estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), with Ki values of 4.9 nM and 19 nM, respectively
Estetrol
Group of proteins
Androgen receptors Calcitriol receptors Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 Estrogen receptors Follicle-stimulating
Hormone_receptor
express either estrogen receptor and/or progesterone receptor. That is the reason that compounds that inhibit biosynthesis of estrogen have been researched
Steroidal_aromatase_inhibitor
Chemical compound
naturally occurring and bioidentical estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like endogenous estradiol. It is
Estriol_(medication)
Breast cancer medication
cancers require estrogen to grow. Those cancers have estrogen receptors (ERs), and are called ER-positive. They may also be called estrogen-responsive,
Exemestane
Chemical compound
undecylate is an estrogen and hence is an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. It is an estrogen ester and a
Estradiol_undecylate
Hormonal antineoplastic drug
is a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) and was first-in-class to be approved. It works by binding to the estrogen receptor and destabilizing
Fulvestrant
Area of the brain below the thalamus
binding site. Estrogen receptor (ER) has been shown to transactivate other transcription factors in this manner, despite the absence of an estrogen response
Hypothalamus
Pejorative for men perceived as feminine
estradiol (the major female sex hormone) and have activity at the estrogen receptor, early research suggested that it may act as an endocrine disruptor
Soy_boy
Chemical compound
breast cancer and women received either anastrozole, the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen, or both for five years, followed by five years
Anastrozole
Organochloride known as an insecticide
a weak androgen receptor antagonist, but not as an estrogen. p,p'-DDT, DDT's main component, has little or no androgenic or estrogenic activity. The minor
DDT
Chemical compound
agonist of the estrogen receptor with relatively low binding affinity for the receptor. It is about 0.2% to 1% as potent as an estrogen as estradiol. 4-Hydroxybenzoic
4-Hydroxybenzoic_acid
Chemical compound
agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has weak androgenic and estrogenic activity and no other important
Norethisterone_acetate
Chemical compound
estrogen receptor and are able to activate the receptor and induce progesterone receptor expression. The term estrin is also a synonym for estrogen.
Estrin_(molecule)
Physical transition from a child to an adult
of estrogens in pubertal growth, epiphyseal fusion and bone turnover: lessons from mutations in the genes for aromatase and the estrogen receptor". Hormone
Puberty
Mechanisms of action
indirect estrogenic and glucocorticoid effects. The medication has also been found to interact very weakly with the estrogen and progesterone receptors, and
Pharmacodynamics of spironolactone
Pharmacodynamics_of_spironolactone
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