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Search references for RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY. Phrases containing RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY
See searches and references containing RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY!RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY
Memory of people, words and events experienced in the past
Retrospective memory is the memory of people, words, and events encountered or experienced in the past. It includes all other types of memory including
Retrospective_memory
Form of memory that involves a planned future action or intention
prospective memory, retrospective memory involves remembering people, events, or words that have been encountered in the past. Whereas retrospective memory requires
Prospective_memory
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
Memory Observed: Remembering in Natural Contexts. Thus, retrospective memory as a category includes semantic, episodic and autobiographical memory. In
Memory
Ability to recall an image from memory after one viewing
Eidetic memory (/aɪˈdɛtɪk/ eye-DET-ik), also known as photographic memory and total recall, is the alleged ability to recall an image from memory with high
Eidetic_memory
High-detailed autobiographical memory
also known as hyperthymestic syndrome or highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM), is a condition that leads people to be able to remember an abnormally
Hyperthymesia
Learning technique that helps in remembering
(/nəˈmɒnɪk/ nə-MON-ik), memory trick or memory device is any learning technique that aids information retention or retrieval in the human memory, often by associating
Mnemonic
Memorization technique based on repetition
formulas. There is greater understanding if students commit a formula to memory through exercises that use the formula rather than through rote repetition
Rote_learning
Memory of autobiographical events
Episodic memory is the memory of everyday events (such as times, location geography, associated emotions, and other contextual information) that can be
Episodic_memory
Memory triggered by an environmental cue
Involuntary memory is a sub-component of memory that occurs when cues encountered in everyday life evoke recollections of the past without conscious effort
Involuntary_memory
Psychological occurrence
In psychology, a false memory is a phenomenon in which someone incorrectly recalls something that did not actually happen or recalls it differently from
False_memory
Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis (1856–1939)
Hotel Bristol, Salzburg on 27 April 1908. This meeting, which was retrospectively deemed to be the first International Psychoanalytic Congress, was convened
Sigmund_Freud
Loss of short-term memory
new memories after an event that caused amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from
Anterograde_amnesia
Category of memory stabilizing processes
Memory consolidation is a process in the brain that stabilizes newly learned information, allowing the memory to be stored long-term. A memory trace is
Memory_consolidation
Decline of memory retention in time
of memory retention across time, showing how information is lost when there is no attempt to retain it. A related concept is the strength of memory that
Forgetting_curve
economics. A memory bias is a cognitive bias that either enhances or impairs the recall of a memory (either the chances that the memory will be recalled
List_of_cognitive_biases
Selective artificial removal of memories or associations from the mind
Memory erasure is the selective artificial removal of memories or associations from the mind. Memory erasure has been shown to be possible in some experimental
Memory_erasure
Theory of memory recall
Reconstructive memory is a theory of memory recall, in which the act of remembering is influenced by various other cognitive processes including perception
Reconstructive_memory
Recall of fabricated, misinterpreted or distorted memories
Confabulation is a memory error consisting of the production of fabricated, distorted, or misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world. It is generally
Confabulation
Disproportionate favor towards the past
unreliable nature of human memory is well documented and accepted amongst psychologists. Some research suggests a 'blue retrospective' which also exaggerates
Rosy_retrospection
Shared knowledge and values of a social group
Collective memory is the shared pool of memories, knowledge and information of a social group that is significantly associated with the group's identity
Collective_memory
of people claim to have eidetic memory, but science has never found a single verifiable case of photographic memory. Eidetic imagery is virtually nonexistent
List of people claimed to possess an eidetic memory
List_of_people_claimed_to_possess_an_eidetic_memory
Memory competitions
Memory sport, sometimes referred to as competitive memory or the mind sport of memory, refers to competitions in which participants attempt to memorize
Memory_sport
Model of human memory
more accurate model of primary memory (often referred to as short-term memory). Working memory splits primary memory into multiple components, rather
Baddeley's model of working memory
Baddeley's_model_of_working_memory
Memory used for information that only needs to be stored for a short time
Short-term memory (or "primary" or "active memory") is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in an active, readily available state for
Short-term_memory
Cognitive system for temporarily holding information
working memory. Other suggested names were short-term memory, primary memory, immediate memory, operant memory, and provisional memory. Short-term memory is
Working_memory
Theory that memory may be stored in the unconscious mind
Repressed memory is a controversial and largely discredited psychiatric phenomenon characterized by an inability to recall autobiographical information
Repressed_memory
Types of accurate and detailed recall
Exceptional memory is the ability to have accurate and detailed recall in a variety of ways, including hyperthymesia, eidetic memory, synesthesia, and
Exceptional_memory
1956 psychology paper by George Miller on working memory capacity
argue that the number of objects an average human can hold in short-term memory is 7 ± 2. This has occasionally been referred to as Miller's law. In his
The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two
The_Magical_Number_Seven,_Plus_or_Minus_Two
Inability of adults to recall memories from childhood
episodic memories (memories of situations or events) before the age of three to four years. It may also refer to the scarcity or fragmentation of memories recollected
Childhood_amnesia
American psychiatrist (born 1942)
processing model Metamemory Muscle memory Priming intertrial Prospective and retrospective memory The Seven Sins of Memory People Researchers Richard C. Atkinson
Judith_Lewis_Herman
Proposed condition of false or biased recollections
memory syndrome (FMS) was a proposed "pattern of beliefs and behaviors" in which a person's identity and relationships are affected by false memories
False_memory_syndrome
prospective memory there is also event-based prospective memory which requires less strain on the cognitive load. The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire
Time-based_prospective_memory
Form of memory
working memory, a prerequisite for human vocabulary building. Semantic memory Declarative memory Sensory memory Visual memory Spatial memory Tatsumi,
Verbal_memory
Wallace, Gregory L. (2025-06-01). "Self-reported Prospective and Retrospective Memory Among Middle Aged and Older Autistic and Non-autistic People". Journal
Autism_and_memory
Type of long-term human memory
In psychology and neuroscience, implicit memory is one of the two main types of long-term human memory. It is acquired and used unconsciously, and can
Implicit_memory
Early life experiences often memorable for life
Childhood memory refers to memories formed during childhood. Among its other roles, memory functions to guide present behaviour and to predict future outcomes
Childhood_memory
Learning technique that aids information retention
The art of memory (Latin: ars memoriae) is any of a number of loosely associated mnemonic principles and techniques used to organize memory impressions
Art_of_memory
Annual memory competition
The World Memory Championships is an organized competition of memory sports in which competitors memorize as much information as possible within a given
World_Memory_Championships
Scientifically discredited form of psychotherapy
Recovered-memory therapy (RMT) is a controversial and scientifically discredited form of psychotherapy that uses one or more unproven therapeutic techniques
Recovered-memory_therapy
Process of storage and retrieval memory
explicit memory (declarative memory) and implicit memory (non-declarative memory). Explicit memory is broken down into episodic and semantic memory, while
Long-term_memory
Traumatic memories in the human mind
management of traumatic memories is important when treating mental health disorders such as post traumatic stress disorder. Traumatic memories can cause life problems
Traumatic_memories
Retrieval of events or information from the past
Recall in memory refers to the mental process of retrieving information from the past. Along with encoding and storage, it is one of the three core processes
Recall_(memory)
Aspect of learning procedure
associative learning (e.g., instrumental learning and human associative memory); a number of observations differentiate them, especially the contingencies
Classical_conditioning
Psychological phenomenon in which a person re-experiences a memory
A flashback, or involuntary recurrent memory, is a psychological phenomenon in which an individual has a sudden, usually powerful, re-experiencing of a
Flashback_(psychology)
Aspect of senescence
Age-related memory loss, sometimes described as "normal aging" (also spelled "ageing" in British English), is qualitatively different from memory disorders
Memory_and_aging
Combined presence of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff's syndrome
a single syndrome. It mainly causes vision changes, ataxia and impaired memory. The cause of the disorder is thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. This can
Wernicke–Korsakoff_syndrome
British conductor with severe amnesia
Since then, he has lacked the ability to form new memories and cannot recall aspects of his memories, frequently believing that he has only recently awoken
Clive_Wearing
Memory about one's environment and spatial orientation
In cognitive psychology and neuroscience, spatial memory is a form of memory responsible for the recording and recovery of information needed to plan a
Spatial_memory
Self-awareness of memory
such as memory-related feelings/beliefs and self-reported memory were examined. Results suggest that drug use may cause retrospective memory failures
Metamemory
Psychological phenomenon
State-dependent memory or state-dependent learning is the phenomenon where people remember more information if their physical or mental state is the same
State-dependent_memory
Psychological phenomenon
However, lesions in the hippocampus (the brain structure responsible for memory) impair cognitive functions but leave emotional responses fully functional
Mere-exposure_effect
Damage to the brain's memory capacity
Memory loss is the loss of memory, the faculty of the mind by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed. Memory loss is
Memory_disorder
Memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life
Autobiographical memory (AM) is a memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life, based on a combination of episodic (personal
Autobiographical_memory
British memory champion (born 1957)
1957) is a British mnemonist and an author of memory-related books. He is the eight time World Memory Champion and works as a trainer for Peak Performance
Dominic_O'Brien
American memory disorder patient
development of theories that explain the link between brain function and memory, and in the development of cognitive neuropsychology, a branch of psychology
Henry_Molaison
Type of long-term human memory
Explicit memory (or declarative memory) is one of the two main types of long-term human memory, the other of which is implicit memory. Explicit memory is the
Explicit_memory
Development of memory in children
unpleasant than pleasant events in autobiographical memory of children and adults: A retrospective study". Cognitive Development. 47: 46–52. doi:10.1016/j
Memory_development
Misidentification during memory recall
misattribution of memory or source misattribution is the misidentification of the origin of a memory by the person making the memory recall. Misattribution
Misattribution_of_memory
Type of memory referring to general world knowledge
a particular cat. Semantic memory and episodic memory are both types of explicit memory (or declarative memory), or memory of facts or events that can
Semantic_memory
Sensory memory register
Echoic memory is a type of sensory memory that briefly stores sounds (auditory information or stimulus), allowing them to be digested and comprehended
Echoic_memory
Psychological focus, perception and prioritising discrete information
frontal, parietal, and subcortical regions and are closely linked to working memory, executive functions, and consciousness. Patterns of attention also vary
Attention
Unconscious memory used to perform tasks
Procedural memory is a type of implicit memory (unconscious, long-term memory) which aids the performance of particular types of tasks without conscious
Procedural_memory
Cognitive disorder where memory is disturbed or lost
memory caused by brain damage or brain diseases, but it can also be temporarily caused by the use of various sedative and hypnotic drugs. The memory can
Amnesia
American cognitive psychologist
known in relation to the misinformation effect, false memory and criticism of recovered memory therapies. Loftus's research includes the effects of phrasing
Elizabeth_Loftus
Model of human memory
modal model) is a model of memory proposed in 1968 by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin. The model asserts that human memory has three separate components:
Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model
Atkinson–Shiffrin_memory_model
as a memory. Maintenance rehearsal is a type of memory rehearsal that is useful in maintaining information in short-term memory or working memory. Because
Memory_rehearsal
Political influence on collective memory
The politics of memory refers to how societies construct, contest, and institutionalize collective memories of historical events. Often this practice
Politics_of_memory
Biological memory process in organisms
Lockhart, Robert (1990). "Levels of Processing: A Retrospective Commentary on a Framework for Memory Research" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Psychology. 44:
Encoding_(memory)
Term in psychology
In psychology, memory inhibition is the ability not to remember irrelevant information. The scientific concept of memory inhibition should not be confused
Memory_inhibition
Medical condition
severity of an episode of PTA. Also, the retrospective method relies on retrospective memory, one's memory for past events, which is not very reliable
Post-traumatic_amnesia
German psychologist (1850–1909)
1909) was a German psychologist who pioneered the experimental study of memory. Ebbinghaus discovered the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. He was
Hermann_Ebbinghaus
2001 book by Daniel Schacter
The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers is a book by Daniel Schacter, former chair of Harvard University's Psychology Department and
The_Seven_Sins_of_Memory
Topic in cultural studies and historiography
Cultural memory is a form of collective memory shared by a group of people who share a culture. The theory posits that memory is not just an individual
Cultural_memory
Japanese scientist (1939–2026)
to neuroscience, examining the molecular, cellular and neuronal basis of memory formation and retrieval. Tonegawa was born in Nagoya, Japan, and attended
Susumu_Tonegawa
Memory disorder
psychogenic amnesia is a dissociative disorder characterized by retrospectively reported memory gaps. These gaps involve an inability to recall personal information
Dissociative_amnesia
Psychological hypothesis proposed by Daniel Wegner
Transactive memory is a psychological hypothesis first proposed by Daniel Wegner in 1985 as a response to earlier theories of "group mind" such as groupthink
Transactive_memory
Ability to process visual and spatial information
Visual memory is a form of memory which preserves some characteristics of our senses pertaining to visual experience. We are able to place in memory visual
Visual_memory
Act of improving one's memory
Memory improvement is the act of enhancing one's memory. Factors motivating research on improving memory include conditions such as amnesia, age-related
Memory_improvement
Neurological condition
theories of human memory attempt to reconcile its implications. A person experiencing a TEA episode has very little short-term memory, so that there is
Transient_epileptic_amnesia
American neuropsychiatrist
in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the physiological basis of memory storage in neurons. He shared the prize with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard
Eric_Kandel
Critical factors contributing to the emotional enhancement effect on human memory
animals. Numerous studies have shown that the most vivid autobiographical memories tend to be of emotional events, which are likely to be recalled more often
Emotion_and_memory
Memory processing overlap
which occurs in both retrospective and prospective memory and is defined as the overlap in processing the to-be-remembered memory between planning (or
Concurrent_overlap
Error caused by a memory fault
Memory gaps and errors refer to the incorrect recall, or complete loss, of information in the memory system for a certain detail and/or event. Memory
Memory_error
Transsaccadic memory is the neural process that allows humans to perceive their surroundings as a seamless, unified image despite rapid changes in fixation
Transsaccadic_memory
Component of the visual memory system
component of the visual memory system which also includes visual short-term memory (VSTM) and long-term memory (LTM). Iconic memory is described as a very
Iconic_memory
to experience memory intrusions due to weaker memory traces, which leads to a susceptibility to misleading information replacing memory traces from a
Children's_use_of_information
Temporary disruption of short-term memory
temporary but almost total disruption of short-term memory with a range of problems accessing older memories. A person in a state of TGA exhibits no other signs
Transient_global_amnesia
Type of vivid, enduring autobiographical memory
A flashbulb memory is a vivid, long-lasting memory about a surprising or shocking event. The term flashbulb memory suggests the surprise, indiscriminate
Flashbulb_memory
Mental processes
Human memory is the process in which information and material is encoded, stored and retrieved in the brain. Memory is a property of the central nervous
Memory and retention in learning
Memory_and_retention_in_learning
Variety of structures in the brain related to memory
The neuroanatomy of memory encompasses a wide variety of anatomical structures in the brain. The hippocampus is a structure in the brain that has been
Neuroanatomy_of_memory
Inattentive or forgetful behavior
monologue. When experiencing absent-mindedness, people exhibit signs of memory lapses and weak recollection of recent events. Absent-mindedness can usually
Absent-mindedness
Effects of trauma on memory
Memory and trauma is the deleterious effects that physical or psychological trauma has on memory. Memory is defined by psychology as the ability of an
Memory_and_trauma
Consolidating a motor task into memory through repetition
Muscle memory is a form of procedural memory that involves consolidating a specific motor task into memory through repetition, which has been used synonymously
Muscle_memory
Permanent or temporary loss of long-term memory
In neurology, retrograde amnesia (RA) is the inability to access memories or information from before an injury or disease occurred. RA differs from a similar
Retrograde_amnesia
Memory bias affecting emotional memory
has associated with the memories and not the content of the memories themselves. Early research studied FAB retrospectively, or through personal reflection
Fading_affect_bias
Musical ability
Musical memory is the ability to recall music-related information, such as melodies and progressions of tones or pitches. Researchers have noted differences
Music-related_memory
memory include interference with a person's capacity to encode memory and the ability to retrieve information. Stimuli, like stress, improved memory when
Effects_of_stress_on_memory
Neurological process
Memory allocation is a process that determines which specific synapses and neurons in a neural network will store a given memory. Although multiple neurons
Neuronal_memory_allocation
Phenomenon in memory
individual's memory. Memory conformity is a memory error due to both social influences and cognitive mechanisms. Social contamination of false memory can be
Memory_conformity
Improved recall when the context of a situation is the same
events are represented in memory, contextual information is stored along with memory targets; the context can therefore cue memories containing that contextual
Context-dependent_memory
RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY
RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY
Boy/Male
Biblical American Hebrew
Memory of the Lord.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Memory
Girl/Female
Tamil
Born in the month of Chaitra, Blessed with a good memory
Girl/Female
Greek
Goddess of memory.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Memory
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Loving memory.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Memory of the tribe
Girl/Female
Hindu
The Moon, Thought, Prayer, Mind, Decision, Respect, Will decision, Intelligence, Memory
Girl/Female
Tamil
Smrithi | ஸà¯à®®à¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯€
Meeting, Remembrance, Memory, Wisdom
Smrithi | ஸà¯à®®à¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯€
Boy/Male
Tamil
The Moon, Thought, Prayer, Mind, Decision, Respect, Will decision, Intelligence, Memory
Girl/Female
Tamil
Samriti | ஸமà¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯€Â
Meeting, Remembrance, Memory, Wisdom
Samriti | ஸமà¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯€Â
Girl/Female
Tamil
Meeting, Remembrance, Memory, Wisdom
Girl/Female
Tamil
Method, Wealth, Protection, Conduct, Auspiciousness, Memory, Well being
Boy/Male
Indian
Memory of the tribe
Boy/Male
Hindu
The Moon, Thought, Prayer, Mind, Decision, Respect, Will decision, Intelligence, Memory
Girl/Female
Tamil
The Moon, Thought, Prayer, Mind, Decision, Respect, Will decision, Intelligence, Memory
Girl/Female
Indian
Born in the month of Chaitra, Blessed with a good memory
Girl/Female
Tamil
Samrithi | ஸமà¯à®°à®¿à®¤à®¿
Meeting, Remembrance, Memory, Wisdom
Samrithi | ஸமà¯à®°à®¿à®¤à®¿
Girl/Female
Tamil
Method, Wealth, Protection, Conduct, Auspiciousness, Memory, Well being
Girl/Female
Muslim
Memory
RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY
RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY
RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY
RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY
RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY
RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY
RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY