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Memory used for information that only needs to be stored for a short time
Short-term memory (or "primary" or "active memory") is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in an active, readily available state for
Short-term_memory
vision, visual short-term memory (VSTM) is one of three broad memory systems including iconic memory and long-term memory. VSTM is a type of short-term memory
Visual_short-term_memory
Ability to process visual and spatial information
important processes in visual memory. Visual short-term memory (visual working memory) is the capacity for holding a small amount of visual information in mind
Visual_memory
Cognitive system for temporarily holding information
memory is often used synonymously with short-term memory, but some theorists consider the two forms of memory distinct, assuming that working memory allows
Working_memory
Model of human memory
more accurate model of primary memory (often referred to as short-term memory). Working memory splits primary memory into multiple components, rather
Baddeley's model of working memory
Baddeley's_model_of_working_memory
Process of storage and retrieval memory
indefinitely. It is defined in contrast to sensory memory, the initial stage, and short-term or working memory, the second stage, which persists for about 18
Long-term_memory
Component of the visual memory system
component of the visual memory system which also includes visual short-term memory (VSTM) and long-term memory (LTM). Iconic memory is described as a
Iconic_memory
Model of human memory
register, where sensory information enters memory, a short-term store, also called working memory or short-term memory, which receives and holds input from
Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model
Atkinson–Shiffrin_memory_model
Damage to the brain's memory capacity
an accurate diagnosis. The main type of memory loss is short-term memory. Short-term memory refers to memories that last for a few minutes. Side effects
Memory_disorder
Psychometric instrument for visual imagery vividness
scores, visual short-term memory performance and volumes of brain structures including the hippocampus, amygdala, primary motor cortex, primary visual cortex
Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire
Vividness_of_Visual_Imagery_Questionnaire
believe that transsaccadic memory is in fact visual short-term memory or a part of visual short-term memory. Transsaccadic memory has a limited capacity of
Transsaccadic_memory
Health effect of alcohol consumption
with a decline in memory performance. Short-term memory is commonly tested with visual tasks. Short-term memory, especially for non-verbal and spatial material
Effects_of_alcohol_on_memory
British professor and editor
of visual short-term memory or working memory is limited to a fixed number of items. Instead, this research revealed that although short-term memory is
Masud_Husain
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
functioning that is made up of a sensory processor, short-term (or working) memory, and long-term memory. This can be related to the neuron. The sensory processor
Memory
Internal process while reading
which accounts for the storage of these types of information into short-term memory. Subvocalization has been considered as far back as 1868. Only in
Subvocalization
Memory about one's environment and spatial orientation
spatial memories are summarized as a cognitive map. Spatial memory has representations within working, short-term memory and long-term memory. Research
Spatial_memory
Ability to recall an image from memory after one viewing
to visual aspects of memory and includes auditory memories as well as various sensory aspects across a range of stimuli associated with a visual image
Eidetic_memory
Neural oscillations in the frequency range of 8–12 Hz
Spectral and Temporal Gradients and Widespread Task-Dependence During Visual Short-Term Memory". Journal of Neurophysiology. doi:10.1152/jn.00264.2023. ISSN 0022-3077
Alpha_wave
Psychological focus, perception and prioritising discrete information
by selective attention that determines which information enters visual short-term memory. At the pre-attentive stage, structural descriptions of objects
Attention
Medical condition
as spatial distances or producing visual images from short or long-term memory. Symptoms generally include memory or learning impairments, with the inability
Integrative_agnosia
Vertebrate brain region
roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation. In humans and other
Hippocampus
Inability to comprehend or formulate language
Kalinyak-Fliszar et al. (2011) reported improvements in auditory-visual short-term memory. Intensity of treatment should be individualized based on the recency
Aphasia
emotional ones—may be more difficult. Working memory, which involves holding and manipulating information short-term (Paytin), can also be weaker, particularly
Autism_and_memory
Biological memory process in organisms
222) Visual sensory information is temporarily stored within our iconic memory and working memory before being encoded into permanent long-term storage
Encoding_(memory)
Memory of autobiographical events
memory, it comprises the category of explicit memory, one of the two major divisions of long-term memory (the other being implicit memory). The term "episodic
Episodic_memory
Selective artificial removal of memories or associations from the mind
memories: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory memory, in short, is the ability to hold sensory information for a short period
Memory_erasure
Representation in the mind of objects, activities or events, whether they existed or not
Nahid (January 2022). "Vividness of visual imagery questionnaire scores and their relationship to visual short-term memory performance". Cortex. 146: 186–199
Mental_image
Second stage of the memory process
relationships between short- and long-term memory to account for different ways of storing memory. Short-term memory is encoded in auditory, visual, spatial, and
Storage_(memory)
Development of memory in children
declarative memory, a child's memory throughout their development. This enhancement continues into adolescence with major developments in short term memory, working
Memory_development
Byoung-Kyong; Lee, Kyoung-Min (2010-11-01). "EEG oscillations reflect visual short-term memory processes for the change detection in human faces". NeuroImage
FantaMorph
Temporary disruption of short-term memory
temporary but almost total disruption of short-term memory with a range of problems accessing older memories. A person in a state of TGA exhibits no other
Transient_global_amnesia
Context blindness as a symptom of autism
autism spectrum disorder did make use of contextual information in visual short-term memory tasks, which the authors interpreted as evidence against a strict
Caetextia
Types of accurate and detailed recall
model of working memory. The VSS stores visual and spatial information as part of short-term memory, which is used in working memory for problem solving
Exceptional_memory
High-detailed autobiographical memory
DeGrandis also reports having poor short-term memory, indicating that HSAM does not necessarily improve one's short-term memory abilities. A 63-year-old man
Hyperthymesia
Psychological model of memory
would create deeper processing than lexical encoding. "Memory over the short term and the long term has been thought to differ in many ways in terms of capacity
Levels_of_processing_model
1-16 Lee, H., & Vecera, S. P. (2005). Visual cognition influences early vision: the role of visual short-term memory in amodal completion. Psychological
Amodal_completion
as a memory. Maintenance rehearsal is a type of memory rehearsal that is useful in maintaining information in short-term memory or working memory. Because
Memory_rehearsal
Psychological phenomenon in which a person re-experiences a memory
created by sensory memory). Short term memory is made up of the information currently in use to complete the task at hand. Long term memory is composed of
Flashback_(psychology)
Australian consciousness researcher (born 1966)
Jason Mattingley and William Webster, where he developed models of visual short-term memory. He subsequently worked for three years as a postdoctoral fellow
Patrick_Wilken
Memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life
hypothesized that the short-term relief the observer perspective provides may actually impede long-term recovery from PTSD. Memory can be inaccurate and
Autobiographical_memory
Retrieval of events or information from the past
short-term memory (STM) increased. Before the 1960s, there was very little research that studied the workings of short-term memory and rapid memory loss
Recall_(memory)
Psychological occurrence
In psychology, a false memory is a phenomenon in which someone incorrectly recalls something that did not actually happen or recalls it differently from
False_memory
Inability of adults to recall memories from childhood
episodic memories (memories of situations or events) before the age of three to four years. It may also refer to the scarcity or fragmentation of memories recollected
Childhood_amnesia
Type of memory referring to general world knowledge
organization in human memory. Tulving constructed a proposal to distinguish between episodic memory and what he termed semantic memory. He was mainly influenced
Semantic_memory
Learning technique that helps in remembering
information in short-term memory, which in turn can aid in the creation of long-term memories. Aide-mémoire List of mnemonics List of visual mnemonics Earworm
Mnemonic
Loss of short-term memory
new memories after an event that caused amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from
Anterograde_amnesia
Variety of structures in the brain related to memory
hippocampus is also involved in memory consolidation, the slow process by which memories are converted from short to long term memory. This is supported by studies
Neuroanatomy_of_memory
Approach to the study of cognitive development
altered states of mind and consciousness, visual perception, auditory perception, short-term memory, long-term memory, storage, retrieval, perceptions of thought
Information_processing_theory
Mental processes
classifications: short-term, long-term and sensory memory. The three types of memory have specific, different functions but each are equally important for memory processes
Memory and retention in learning
Memory_and_retention_in_learning
Learning technique that aids information retention
and 'invention' of ideas. An alternative term is "Ars Memorativa" which is also translated as "art of memory" although its more literal meaning is "Memorative
Art_of_memory
Theory that memory may be stored in the unconscious mind
Repressed memory is a controversial and largely discredited psychiatric phenomenon characterized by an inability to recall autobiographical information
Repressed_memory
Impressions of sensory information
system. Sensory information is stored in sensory memory just long enough to be transferred to short-term memory. Humans have five traditional senses: sight
Sensory_memory
Category of memory stabilizing processes
Memory consolidation is a process in the brain that stabilizes newly learned information, allowing the memory to be stored long-term. A memory trace is
Memory_consolidation
Individual's capacity to choose what they pay attention to and what they ignore
D. E.; Scerif, G. (2011). "Interactions between attention and visual short-term memory (VSTM): What can be learnt from individual and developmental differences
Attentional_control
Stage of memory in brains
Intermediate-term memory (ITM) is a stage of memory distinct from sensory memory, working memory/short-term memory, and long-term memory. While sensory memory persists
Intermediate-term_memory
American infant psychologist
development of visual short-term memory capacity in infants. Child Development, 74, 1807–1822. The Development of Visual Short-Term Memory Capacity in Infants
Lisa_M._Oakes
limited short-term memories, and chunking. The architecture takes into low-level aspects of cognition such as reference perception, long and short-term memory
CHREST
Model of the neural processing of vision and hearing
also important for the basic neuronal mechanisms for phonological short-term memory. Without the Spt, language acquisition is impaired. The information
Two-streams_hypothesis
Memory triggered by an environmental cue
one's sense of smell. The term "precious fragments" was coined by Marigold Linton, a pioneer in the study of autobiographical memory research. This is reflected
Involuntary_memory
Perceptual phenomenon
change. The PPC is critical for encoding and maintaining visual images in short term working memory, which demonstrates the importance of the PPC in terms
Change_blindness
Medical condition
palinopsia, a visual disturbance defined as the persistent or recurrence of a visual image after the stimulus has been removed. Palinopsia is a broad term describing
Hallucinatory_palinopsia
Cognitive test screening for dementia
on attention, concentration, orientation, short-term memory, long-term memory, language abilities, visual construction, list-generating fluency, abstraction
Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument
Cognitive_Abilities_Screening_Instrument
Concept in cognitive psychology
at short-term memory tasks than women when visual stimuli is a factor, but this research lacks consistency. Women on average report more memories in the
Sex_differences_in_memory
Sensory memory register
stimulus), allowing them to be digested and comprehended. Unlike most visual memory, where a person can choose how long to view the stimulus and can reassess
Echoic_memory
Form of sensory memory specific to touch stimuli
to visual iconic memory, traces of haptically acquired information are short lived and prone to decay after approximately two seconds. Haptic memory is
Haptic_memory
Aspect of senescence
working memory that contribute to these decreasing language skills. Studies have shown that with aging, in terms of short-term visual memory, viewing
Memory_and_aging
Ability to remember a specific tone
disrupted memory for the sequence of letters. Using the visual-auditory method was proved to be a practical tool for related studies of short term-memory for
Tonal_memory
Psychotheraputic technique
Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) is a form of short-term psychotherapy developed through empirical, video-recorded research by Habib
Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy
Intensive_short-term_dynamic_psychotherapy
Application of science and technology
by the Environmental Modeling Center is run 16 days into the future. The visual output produced by a model solution is known as a prognostic chart, or prog
Weather_forecasting
Shared knowledge and values of a social group
forgetting". Historian David Rieff takes issue with the term "collective memory", distinguishing between memories of people who were actually alive during the events
Collective_memory
Cognitive psychology process
a meaningful whole later on in memory. The chunks, by which the information is grouped, are meant to improve short-term retention of the material, thus
Chunking_(psychology)
cause long-term damage. Over-secretion of stress hormones most frequently impairs long-term delayed recall memory, but can enhance short-term, immediate
Effects_of_stress_on_memory
Type of long-term human memory
In psychology and neuroscience, implicit memory is one of the two main types of long-term human memory. It is acquired and used unconsciously, and can
Implicit_memory
Sulcus on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe
PMC 1431577. PMID 16594732. Todd JJ, Marois R (2004). "Capacity limit of visual short-term memory in human posterior parietal cortex". Nature. 428 (6984): 751–754
Intraparietal_sulcus
German neuroscientist and neurologist
Hummel, Friedhelm C. (2009). "Brain Oscillatory Substrates of Visual Short-Term Memory Capacity". Current Biology. 19 (21): 1846–1852. Bibcode:2009CBio
Friedhelm_Hummel
Phenomenon of neural activity
(June 1998). "Induced gamma-band activity during the delay of a visual short-term memory task in humans". The Journal of Neuroscience. 18 (11): 4244–54
Recurrent thalamo-cortical resonance
Recurrent_thalamo-cortical_resonance
1956 psychology paper by George Miller on working memory capacity
to argue that the number of objects an average human can hold in short-term memory is 7 ± 2. This has occasionally been referred to as Miller's law.
The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two
The_Magical_Number_Seven,_Plus_or_Minus_Two
Unanswered question in the study of consciousness
Luis G.; Lopera, Francisco; Della Sala, Sergio (2010-09-01). "Visual short-term memory binding deficits in familial Alzheimer's disease". Brain. 133 (9):
Binding_problem
Theory regarding human memory
retrieved into short-term memory (STM) because either memory could interfere with the other. There is an immense number of encoded memories within the storage
Interference_theory
Type of vivid, enduring autobiographical memory
A flashbulb memory is a vivid, long-lasting memory about a surprising or shocking event. The term flashbulb memory suggests the surprise, indiscriminate
Flashbulb_memory
Type of long-term human memory
Explicit memory (or declarative memory) is one of the two main types of long-term human memory, the other of which is implicit memory. Explicit memory is the
Explicit_memory
memory, short-term and long-term memory. Immediate memory is when a memory is recalled based on recently presented information. Short-term memory is what
Sleep_and_memory
Recall of fabricated, misinterpreted or distorted memories
dysfunction of cognitive processes that control the retrieval from long-term memory. Frontal lobe damage often disrupts this process, preventing the retrieval
Confabulation
Effort being used in the working memory
in short-term memory. In 1973 Simon and Chase were the first to use the term chunk to describe how people might organize information in short-term memory
Cognitive_load
Japanese scientist (1939–2026)
& Tonegawa, S. (2013). Creating a false memory in the hippocampus. Science, 341(6144), 387-391. Long-term potentiation List of Japanese Nobel laureates
Susumu_Tonegawa
Musical ability
lefthanders with mixed hand preference outperform righthanders in tests of short-term memory for pitch. This may be due to more storage of information on both
Music-related_memory
Permanent or temporary loss of long-term memory
temporal lobe are not nearly as important for long-term memories compared to short-term memories. As memory processing occurs in the brain over time, neocortical
Retrograde_amnesia
Hypotheses that attempt to unify mechanisms of short-term and long-term memory
of memory are hypotheses that attempt to unify mechanisms of short-term and long-term memory. One can find early contributions to unitary memory theories
Unitary_theories_of_memory
Type of perceptual task requiring attention
G. A.; Cavanagh, P. (2004-02-01). "The capacity of visual short-term memory is set both by visual information load and by number of objects". Psychological
Visual_search
Type of confirmation bias
'Saw-It-All-Along' Effect: Demonstrations of Visual Hindsight Bias" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 30 (5): 960–968. doi:10
Hindsight_bias
Assessments of the cognitive capabilities of humans and other animals
hierarchies Memory Iconic memory Long-term memory Short-term memory Semantic memory Episodic memory Visual short-term memory Working memory Self Intelligent
Cognitive_test
British conductor with severe amnesia
required to transfer memories from short-term to long-term memory), he is completely unable to form lasting new memories. His memory for events lasts between
Clive_Wearing
Unconscious memory used to perform tasks
Procedural memory is a type of implicit memory (unconscious, long-term memory) which aids the performance of particular types of tasks without conscious
Procedural_memory
Cognitive process
show signs of memory that is later improved into their adolescent years. This includes short-term memory, long-term memory, working memory, and autobiographical
Memorization
Medical diagnostic method
areas of cognitive function, including: Short-term and long-term verbal memory Short-term and long-term visual memory Visuomotor functioning (eye-hand coordination)
Cognitive_Function_Scanner
Inability to picture something in one's mind
high-precision working memory" and that the person with aphantasia performed significantly worse than controls on visual working memory trials requiring the
Aphantasia
Random electric fluctuations in neurons
neuronal noise is the principal factor that limits the capacity of visual short-term memory. Investigators of neural ensembles and those who especially support
Neuronal_noise
American cognitive neuroscientist
Dr. Olson's graduate research was focused on visual statistical learning and visual short term memory . She published one of the first studies showing
Ingrid_Olson
Decline of memory retention in time
of memory retention across time, showing how information is lost when there is no attempt to retain it. A related concept is the strength of memory that
Forgetting_curve
Disproportionate favor towards the past
Simplifications and exaggerations of memories that occur in rosy retrospection may make it easier for the brain to store long-term memories, as removing details may
Rosy_retrospection
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