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Viral part of the biosphere
virosphere, archaeal virosphere, invertebrate virosphere), type of genome (RNA virosphere, dsDNA virosphere) or ecological niche (marine virosphere)
Virosphere
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
Chen X, Li CX, et al. (December 2016). "Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere". Nature. 540 (7634): 539–43. Bibcode:2016Natur.540..539S. doi:10.1038/nature20167
Virus
Taxonomic rank between class and family
Committee (May 2020). "The New Scope of Virus Taxonomy: Partitioning the Virosphere Into 15 Hierarchical Ranks". Nat Microbiol. 5 (5): 668–674. doi:10
Order_(taxonomy)
Taxonomic rank
suggesting a vast undescribed diversity of viruses in this part of the virosphere. Ribozyviria is characterised by the presence of genomic and antigenomic
Realm_(virology)
Matter with biological processes
Committee (May 2020). "The New Scope of Virus Taxonomy: Partitioning the Virosphere Into 15 Hierarchical Ranks". Nature Microbiology. 5 (5): 668–674. doi:10
Life
Realm of viruses
Krupovic M (8 January 2024). "Megataxonomy and global ecology of the virosphere". ISME J. 18 (1) wrad042. doi:10.1093/ismejo/wrad042. PMC 10848233. PMID 38365236
Riboviria
Domain of organisms
DNA damage. Archaea are the target of a number of viruses in a diverse virosphere distinct from bacterial and eukaryotic viruses. They have been organized
Archaea
Virus that infects bacteria
"Genomics of bacterial and archaeal viruses: dynamics within the prokaryotic virosphere". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 75 (4): 610–635. Bibcode:2011MMBR
Bacteriophage
Very large DNA virus
Tupanvirus possesses the most complete translational apparatus of the known virosphere". Nature Communications. 9 (1) 749. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..749A. doi:10
Giant_virus
Theory that viruses predate cellular life
selection independently of their hosts, suggesting they evolved within the virosphere rather than being captured from cells. Furthermore, viruses collectively
Virus_world_hypothesis
Subfield of evolutionary biology and virology concerned with the evolution of viruses
no truly universal genetic feature shared across the entirety of the virosphere; some viruses are entirely unrelated to one another. It can be inferred
Viral_evolution
Biochemical signaling between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Gut–brain_axis
Process of forming the first eukaryotic cell
(2025). "Ancient Host-Virus Gene Transfer Hints at a Diverse Pre-LECA Virosphere". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 93 (3): 295–305. Bibcode:2025JMolE.
Eukaryogenesis
Theoretical conditions under which life on the Earth might have begun
Tupanvirus possesses the most complete translational apparatus of the known virosphere". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 749. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..749A. doi:10
Primordial_soup
Organisation of viruses into a taxonomic system
Krupovic M, Kuhn JH (2021-09-01). "Viruses Defined by the Position of the Virosphere within the Replicator Space". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
Virus_classification
Subclass of viruses
Committee (May 2020). "The new scope of virus taxonomy: partitioning the virosphere into 15 hierarchical ranks". Nature Microbiology. 5 (5): 668–674. doi:10
RNA_virus
Potential conformation of DNA
"Structure of a filamentous virus uncovers familial ties within the archaeal virosphere". Virus Evolution. 6 (1) veaa023. doi:10.1093/ve/veaa023. PMC 7189273
A-DNA
Host and associated species living as a discrete ecological unit
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Holobiont
Virus classification system made by David Baltimore
Krupovic M (8 January 2024). "Megataxonomy and Global Ecology of the Virosphere". ISME J. 18 (1) wrad042. doi:10.1093/ismejo/wrad042. PMC 10848233. PMID 38365236
Baltimore_classification
Microorganisms in or on human skin and biofluids
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Human_microbiome
Study of viruses
Committee (May 2020). "The New Scope of Virus Taxonomy: Partitioning the Virosphere Into 15 Hierarchical Ranks". Nat Microbiol. 5 (5): 668–674. doi:10
Virology
Bacteriophage genome that is integrated into a bacterial cell
"Genomics of bacterial and archaeal viruses: dynamics within the prokaryotic virosphere". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 75 (4): 610–635. doi:10
Prophage
Taxonomic rank
Kuhn, Jens H. (2020). "The new scope of virus taxonomy: partitioning the virosphere into 15 hierarchical ranks". Nature Microbiology. 5 (5): 668–674. doi:10
Division_(taxonomy)
Community of microorganisms
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Microbiota
Virus that has DNA as its genetic material
Committee (May 2020). "The New Scope of Virus Taxonomy: Partitioning the Virosphere Into 15 Hierarchical Ranks". Nat Microbiol. 5 (5): 668–674. doi:10
DNA_virus
Endosymbiotic bacterium or fungus
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Endophyte
Collection of viruses in an organism or ecosystem
health impacts. Global Virome Project Human microbiome Mangrove virome Virosphere Anderson NG, Gerin JL, Anderson NL (July 2003). "Global screening for
Virome
Realm of viruses
"Structure of a Filamentous Virus Uncovers Familial Ties Within the Archaeal Virosphere". Virus Evol. 6 (1) veaa023. doi:10.1093/ve/veaa023. PMC 7189273. PMID 32368353
Adnaviria
Amoebic virus
original on 2022-05-07. Zimmer, Carl (March 24, 2020). "Welcome to the virosphere, the unimaginably vast world of virus diversity". The New York Times (via
Yaravirus
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Marine_holobiont
Group of bacteria affecting plant growth
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Rhizobacteria
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Poultry_microbiome
Kingdom of archaea
Koonin, Eugene V.; Krupovic, M. (November 2017). "The enigmatic archaeal virosphere". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 15 (12): 724–739. doi:10.1038/nrmicro
Asgard_archaea
Microbial community assemblage and activity
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Microbiome
Scientific study of chemical processes involving metabolites
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Metabolomics
Viral genome integrated into the DNA of a host cell
"Genomics of bacterial and archaeal viruses: dynamics within the prokaryotic virosphere". Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 75 (4): 610–635. Bibcode:2011MMBR...75..610K
Provirus
Community of microorganisms found in or around sponges
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Sponge_microbiomes
Chinese virologist
; Zhang, Yong-Zhen (December 2016). "Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere". Nature. 540 (7634): 539–543. Bibcode:2016Natur.540..539S. doi:10.1038/nature20167
Zhang_Yongzhen
Community of microorganisms found in or around specific marine environments
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Marine_microbiome
Fungal community in and on an organism
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Mycobiome
Region of soil surrounding a germinating seed
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Spermosphere
Genus of viruses
PMID 19653859. Ehrenberg, Rachel (10 October 2009). "Enter the Virosphere: As evidence of the influence of viruses escalates, appreciation of these
Mamavirus
Proposed genus of viruses
Tupanvirus presents the largest translational apparatus within the known virosphere, carrying 20 aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS) and 70 transfer RNAs (tRNA)
Tupanvirus
Region of soil or substrate comprising the root microbiome
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Rhizosphere
Total collection of viruses in and on the human body
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Human_virome
Hypothesis in cell biology
(2025-04-29). "Ancient Host-Virus Gene Transfer Hints at a Diverse Pre-LECA Virosphere". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 93 (3): 295–305. Bibcode:2025JMolE.
Viral_eukaryogenesis
Class of viruses
Krupovic, Mart; Koonin, Eugene V. (2016-08-02). "The Double-Stranded DNA Virosphere as a Modular Hierarchical Network of Gene Sharing". mBio. 7 (4): 10.1128/mbio
Naldaviricetes
Marine community of plankton and microbes
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Phytoplankton_microbiome
Microscale mucus region that is rich in organic matter surrounding a phytoplankton cel
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Phycosphere
Microorganisms living in the fruit fly
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Microbiome in the Drosophila gut
Microbiome_in_the_Drosophila_gut
Microbe community of plant roots
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Root_microbiome
Family of viruses
Holmes, EC; Zhang, YZ (22 December 2016). "Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere". Nature. 540 (7634): 539–543. Bibcode:2016Natur.540..539S. doi:10.1038/nature20167
Artoviridae
Realm of viruses
Krupovic M (8 January 2024). "Megataxonomy and global ecology of the virosphere". ISME J. 18 (1) wrad042. doi:10.1093/ismejo/wrad042. PMC 10848233. PMID 38365236
Duplodnaviria
Any life form too small for the naked human eye to see that lives in a marine environment
acting as reservoirs of genetic information. The interactions of the virosphere with microorganisms under environmental stresses is therefore thought
Marine_microorganisms
Realm of viruses
Krupovic M (8 January 2024). "Megataxonomy and global ecology of the virosphere". ISME J. 18 (1) wrad042. doi:10.1093/ismejo/wrad042. PMC 10848233. PMID 38365236
Varidnaviria
DNA sequence whose position in the genome is variable
Krupovic M, Kuhn JH (December 2021). "Viruses Defined by the Position of the Virosphere within the Replicator Space". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
Mobile_genetic_elements
Group of viruses
interfering particles. Holmes, Edward C. (September 2016). "The Expanding Virosphere". Cell Host & Microbe. 20 (3): 279–280. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2016.08.007
Jingmenvirus
Type of virus that infects the domain of unicellular, prokaryotic organisms or Archaea
Krupovic M (28 November 2016). "Bipartite Network Analysis of the Archaeal Virosphere: Evolutionary Connections between Viruses and Capsidless Mobile Elements"
Archaeal_virus
Collection of bacteriophages found in a particular environment
with the most notable differences seen in Inovirus and Tunalikevirus. Virosphere Ma Y, You X, Mai G, Tokuyasu T, Liu C (February 2018). "A human gut phage
Phageome
Plant surfaces as habitats for microorganisms
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Phyllosphere
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Plant_holobiont
Family of viruses
Tupanvirus possesses the most complete translational apparatus of the known virosphere". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 749. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..749A. doi:10
Mimiviridae
Genus of viruses
"Structure of a filamentous virus uncovers familial ties within the archaeal virosphere". Virus Evolution. 6 (1) veaa023. doi:10.1093/ve/veaa023. PMC 7189273
Tristromaviridae
Order of viruses
"Structure of a filamentous virus uncovers familial ties within the archaeal virosphere". Virus Evolution. 6 (1) veaa023. doi:10.1093/ve/veaa023. PMC 7189273
Ligamenvirales
Analysis technique of genes
Aylward, Frank O.; Vardi, Assaf (2024). "Single-cell RNA-seq of the rare virosphere reveals the native hosts of giant viruses in the marine environment".
Single-cell_transcriptomics
Genus of viruses
at the IHU Mediterranee Infection That Modified the Perception of the Virosphere". Viruses. 11 (4): 312. doi:10.3390/v11040312. PMC 6520786. PMID 30935049
Faustovirus
Assembly of microorganisms near plants
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Plant_microbiome
Viruses found in marine environments
acting as reservoirs of genetic information. The interactions of the virosphere with microorganisms under environmental stresses is therefore thought
Marine_viruses
Family of viruses
"Structure of a filamentous virus uncovers familial ties within the archaeal virosphere". Virus Evolution. 6 (1) veaa023. doi:10.1093/ve/veaa023. PMC 7189273
Lipothrixviridae
Gene whose sequence partially overlaps the reading frame of another gene
PMID 19640978. Abroi A (1 December 2015). "A protein domain-based view of the virosphere–host relationship". Biochimie. 119: 231–243. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2015
Overlapping_gene
Undersea unicellular organisms
acting as reservoirs of genetic information. The interactions of the virosphere with microorganisms under environmental stresses is therefore thought
Hydrothermal vent microbial communities
Hydrothermal_vent_microbial_communities
Genus of viruses
PMC 5025392. PMID 27569558. Holmes, Edward C. (September 2016). "The Expanding Virosphere". Cell Host & Microbe. 20 (3): 279–280. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2016.08.007
Guaicovirus
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Marine_microbial_symbiosis
Group of communities of microorganisms that reside within whales
Hologenomics hologenome evolution Viromes Bat Human Mangrove Viriome Virosphere Related Biomass partitioning Dysbiosis Gnotobiosis Phytobiome Quorum sensing
Cetacean_microbiome
Non-profit organization connecting virologists worldwide
15–17, 2023, at Rīga Stradiņš University in Riga, Latvia) WSV2025: The Virosphere of Our Cellular World (May 6–8, 2025, at the National Institute of Biotechnology
World_Society_for_Virology
Prangishvili D (2015) “Archaeal viruses: living fossils of the ancient virosphere?” Ann NY Acad Sci 1341: 35-40. 14. Prangishvili D, Bamford DH, Forterre
David_Prangishvili
VIROSPHERE
VIROSPHERE
VIROSPHERE
VIROSPHERE
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Confident
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Destroyer of Problems
Boy/Male
Tamil
Winner
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, French, German, Gujarati, Indian, Muslim, Turkish
Fortunate; Lucky; Living for Century
Female
English
French form of German Adala, ADELLE means "noble."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Saraasana | ஸராஸநா
One of the kauravas
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Goddess Durga; Princess
Boy/Male
Indian
Right, Appropriate, Correct
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
One in Union with God
Girl/Female
Muslim
Calm, Quiet and tranquil, Peace of mind
VIROSPHERE
VIROSPHERE
VIROSPHERE
VIROSPHERE
VIROSPHERE