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Evolutionary process
is a minor or major contributor to speciation is the subject of much ongoing discussion. Rapid sympatric speciation can take place through polyploidy,
Speciation
Speciation that occurs between geographically isolated populations
Allopatric speciation is a mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations become geographically isolated from each other to an extent that
Allopatric_speciation
Basic unit of taxonomic classification, below genus
Chronospecies Sympatric speciation Parapatric speciation Evidence for speciation by reinforcement Most recent common ancestor Hybrid speciation Wilson, Edward
Species
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up specie or in specie in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Specie is synonymous with bullion coin, namely coins made of precious metals above a certain
Specie_(disambiguation)
Speciation within a population where subpopulations are reproductively isolated
"stepping-stone" (discrete populations), and stasipatric speciation in concordance with most of the parapatric speciation literature. Henceforth, the models are subdivided
Parapatric_speciation
Coexistence of different taxa in the same environment
distinct species sharing a common range exemplifies sympatric speciation. Such speciation may be a product of reproductive isolation — which prevents hybrid
Sympatry
Species of hominid in the genus Homo
Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning 'thinking man' or 'wise man') are the most abundant and widespread species of primates, characterized by bipedalism, minimal
Human
Change in the heritable traits of populations
Speciation has been observed multiple times under both controlled laboratory conditions and in nature. In sexually reproducing organisms, speciation results
Evolution
Evolution of a new species from an ancestor in the same location
explains the derivation. Sympatric speciation is one of three traditional geographic modes of speciation. Allopatric speciation is the evolution of species caused
Sympatric_speciation
Form of speciation from isolation
Ecological speciation is a form of speciation arising from reproductive isolation that occurs due to an ecological factor that reduces or eliminates gene
Ecological_speciation
Different forms of a parent chemical species as a function of solution pH
Speciation of ions refers to the changing concentration of varying forms of an ion as the pH of the solution changes. The pH of a solution of a monoprotic
Ion_speciation
part of that century. Since then, research on speciation has expanded immensely. The language of speciation has grown more complex. Debate over classification
History_of_speciation
periods. This isolation acts as a precursor to allochronic speciation, a type of speciation which results when two populations of a species become isolated
Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology
Glossary_of_genetics_and_evolutionary_biology
U.S. presidential executive order
The Specie Circular is a United States presidential executive order issued by President Andrew Jackson on 11 July 1836 pursuant to the Coinage Act of 1834
Specie_Circular
Mode of speciation in evolutionary biology
Peripatric speciation is a mode of speciation in which a new species is formed from an isolated peripheral population. Since peripatric speciation resembles
Peripatric_speciation
Process of increasing reproductive isolation
process of speciation. This process of speciation influenced by natural selection is reinforcement, and can happen under any mode of speciation (e.g. geographic
Reinforcement_(speciation)
Form of speciation involving hybridization between two different species
Hybrid speciation is a form of speciation where hybridization between two different species leads to a new species, reproductively isolated from the parent
Hybrid_speciation
Evolutionary mechanism for speciation
whose geographic distributions overlap (sympatric speciation) or are separate (allopatric speciation). Pre-zygotic isolation mechanisms are the most economic
Reproductive_isolation
American biologist (born 1949)
30, 1949) is an American biologist and skeptic known for his work on speciation and his commentary on intelligent design. A professor emeritus of ecology
Jerry_Coyne
Speciation not driven by divergent natural selection
it from the typical definition of ecological speciation: "It is useful to consider ecological speciation as its own form of species formation because
Nonecological_speciation
Type of interaction between species
G.; Franks, Nigel R. (July 1991). "Alternative adaptations, sympatric speciation and the evolution of parasitic, inquiline ants". Biological Journal of
Parasitism
Type of coin struck from precious metal
Bullion coin or specie refers to coin struck from bullion (namely, highly refined precious metal) and kept as a store of value or an investment rather
Bullion_coin
Type of speciation
In biology, parallel speciation is a type of speciation where there is repeated evolution of reproductively isolating traits via the same mechanisms occurring
Parallel_speciation
That which is universally and eternally true
Sub specie aeternitatis (Latin for "under the aspect of eternity") is, from Baruch Spinoza onwards, an honorific expression denoting what is considered
Sub_specie_aeternitatis
Speciation arising from change in breeding time
Allochronic speciation (also known as allochronic isolation, or temporal isolation) is a form of speciation (specifically ecological speciation) arising
Allochronic_speciation
Process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species
niches. Starting with a single ancestor, this process results in the speciation and phenotypic adaptation of an array of species exhibiting different
Adaptive_radiation
Biological experiments
Laboratory experiments of speciation have been conducted for all four modes of speciation: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric; and various
Laboratory experiments of speciation
Laboratory_experiments_of_speciation
Chemosensory speciation (chemosensory isolation) is the evolution of a population to become distinct species that is driven by chemical stimuli (i.e.,
Chemosensory_speciation
Theory in evolutionary biology
punctuated by speciation and change occurred here. Eldredge suggests that these mass extinction events 'rather than driving speciation, simply increases
Sloshing bucket model of evolution
Sloshing_bucket_model_of_evolution
Offspring of cross-species reproduction
isolation. Hybridization may be important in speciation in some plant groups. However, homoploid hybrid speciation (not increasing the number of sets of chromosomes)
Hybrid_(biology)
Behavioral theory
Mutation Natural selection Adaptation Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence
Costly signaling theory in evolutionary psychology
Costly_signaling_theory_in_evolutionary_psychology
Species having two or more distinct forms
significance of geographical variation is that it may lead to allopatric speciation, whereas true polymorphism takes place in panmictic populations. The term
Polymorphism_(biology)
Overview article
Reinforcement is a process within speciation where natural selection increases the reproductive isolation between two populations of species by reducing
Evidence for speciation by reinforcement
Evidence_for_speciation_by_reinforcement
Competitive algorithm for searching a problem space
heuristics may be employed to make the calculation faster or more robust. The speciation heuristic penalizes crossover between candidate solutions that are too
Genetic_algorithm
Speciation, co-authored with Jerry Coyne, was hailed in Science as "exceedingly well-written and persuasive". They consider that studying speciation is
H._Allen_Orr
Transfer of genetic variation from one population to another
groups, increasing homogeneity. Gene flow has been thought to constrain speciation and prevent range expansion by combining the gene pools of the groups
Gene_flow
President of the United States from 1861 to 1865
Red Shirts Mississippi Plan Clifton Riot of 1875 Yazoo City Riot of 1875 Specie Payment Resumption Act Whiskey Ring Wheeler Compromise Delano affair Pratt
Abraham_Lincoln
Study of the evolution of life
poorly accounted for in the modern evolutionary synthesis. These include speciation, the evolution of sexual reproduction, the evolution of cooperation, the
Evolutionary_biology
Evolutionary process
such as the different species of Darwin's finches. The other process is speciation, in which new species arise, typically through reproductive isolation
Adaptation
Shared ancestry between DNA, RNA or protein sequences
During speciation, one environment will favor a mutation in gene A (gene A1), producing a new species with genes A1 and B. Then in a separate speciation event
Sequence_homology
Common ancestor evolutionary evidence
separation of populations of species into sets of new species (speciation). Speciation has been observed in the lab and in nature. Multiple forms of such
Evidence_of_common_descent
Monetary system based on the value of gold
libertarians, and some supply-siders. The United Kingdom slipped into a gold specie standard in 1717 by over-valuing gold at 15+1⁄5 times its weight in silver
Gold_standard
Study of language change over time
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature
Historical_linguistics
Non-technical overview of the subject of biological evolution
have a good understanding of the origin of new species (speciation) and have observed the speciation process in the laboratory and in the wild. Evolution
Introduction_to_evolution
27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilization
under Commodus damaged the credit market. In the mid-200s, the supply of specie contracted sharply. Conditions during the Crisis of the Third Century—such
Roman_Empire
Group of closely related similar organisms
stage after speciation in which the species were separated for a long time period without evolving morphological differences. Hybrid speciation can be a
Species_complex
Species of some organisms facing a very high risk of extinction
An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular region. Endangered species
Endangered_species
Sudden and large mutational change
can produce rapid changes in the genome. Saltational speciation, also known as abrupt speciation, is the discontinuity in a lineage that occurs through
Saltation_(biology)
Tribe of mammals
not statistically test their own null model of simple speciation before concluding that speciation was complex, and—even if the null model could be rejected—they
Hominini
Theory in evolutionary biology
especially peripatric speciation as applied to the fossil record. Although the sudden appearance of species and its relationship to speciation was proposed and
Punctuated_equilibrium
Gradual variation of the characteristics of a species along its territory
was a necessary precursor to speciation (allopatric speciation). The possibility that clines may be a precursor to speciation was therefore ignored, as they
Cline_(biology)
British passenger liner that sank in 1912
States Post Office Department). For the storage of letters, parcels and specie (bullion, coins and other valuables), 26,800 cubic feet (760 m3) of space
Titanic
Natural selection for extreme trait values over intermediate ones
that drive sympatric speciation in natural populations. The pathways that lead from disruptive selection to sympatric speciation seldom are prone to deviation;
Disruptive_selection
President of the United States in 1881
best oratory to that point; in it, he advocated a gradual resumption of specie payments, that is, the government paying out silver and gold, rather than
James_A._Garfield
Classification of distinct populations lesser than subspecies
be seen in wide geographical distributions and may eventually lead to speciation. In evolutionary ecology, an ecotype, sometimes called ecospecies, describes
Ecotype
1859 book on evolution by Charles Darwin
formed in isolated populations only, as on islands, to an emphasis on speciation without isolation; that is, he saw increasing specialisation within large
On_the_Origin_of_Species
Connected series of neighbouring populations
unequivocally demonstrated the process of speciation. A ring species is an alternative model to allopatric speciation, "illustrating how new species can arise
Ring_species
Japanese artist and activist (born 1933)
transferred to San Francisco, California, by his employer, the Yokohama Specie Bank. The rest of the family followed soon after, with Ono first meeting
Yoko_Ono
Increase in taxonomic diversity or morphological disparity
speciation rate coupled with divergence of morphological features that are directly related to ecological habits; these radiations involve speciation
Evolutionary_radiation
Evolution where transitional forms are particularly unstable and do not last long
1962 paper where he coined the term "Catastrophic Speciation" to describe this mode of speciation, since he theorized that the reductions in population
Quantum_evolution
Science of classifying organisms
Mutation Natural selection Adaptation Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence
Taxonomy_(biology)
Evolution on a scale at or above the level of species
evolution. According to Hautmann, speciation has both micro- and macroevolutionary aspects. Specifically, speciation also involves the classic process
Macroevolution
Country in Southern and Western Europe
Retrieved 15 November 2021. "Il corbezzolo simbolo dell'Unità d'Italia. Una specie che resiste agli incendi" (in Italian). 3 October 2011. Archived from the
Italy
Warm-blooded animals with wings and feathers
diversity was the result of higher speciation rates in the tropics; however studies from the 2000s found higher speciation rates in the high latitudes that
Bird
Chemical compound
Magnesium stearate is a metal-organic compound, a salt of magnesium and stearic acid with the idealized chemical formula (C17H35CO2)2Mg. It is classified
Magnesium_stearate
Substance composed of chemically identical molecular entities
A chemical species is a type of matter that displays a specific, uniquely identifying, set of properties. A systematic chemical name can be used to refer
Chemical_species
Characteristic of a group of organisms with a common ancestor
ancestor (LUCA) of all life on Earth. Common descent is an effect of speciation, in which multiple species derive from a single ancestral population.
Common_descent
Fish that mostly live in freshwater
rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of speciation as when
Freshwater_fish
Small domesticated carnivorous mammal
the wild members of this genus evolved through sympatric or parapatric speciation, whereas the domestic cat evolved through artificial selection. The genome
Cat
State of species being unique to a location
species can lead to endemism in multiple ways. Allopatric speciation, or geographic speciation, is when two populations of a species become geographically
Endemism
Breeding for desired characteristics
Mutation Natural selection Adaptation Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence
Selective_breeding
Family of fishes
allopatric speciation, whereby species diverge according to different selection pressures in different geographical areas, or through sympatric speciation, by
Cichlid
Reproductive structure in flowering plants
attributed, in part, to coevolution, which caused specialisation and so speciation; where populations diverge into separate species. Both the strength of
Flower
Formerly used coinage
[ˈʁaɪçsˌtaːlɐ]; modern spelling Reichstaler), or more specifically the Reichsthaler specie, was a standard thaler silver coin introduced by the Holy Roman Empire in
Reichsthaler
Species of flowering plant
speciation", a concept closely aligned with peripatric speciation, parapatric speciation and sympatric speciation. Clarkia biloba is an annual herb producing an
Clarkia_biloba
Condition where cells have more than two sets of chromosomes
highly prevalent in several fungal taxa. Indeed, homoploid speciation (hybrid speciation without a change in chromosome number) has been evidenced for
Polyploidy
Mode of natural selection
Mutation Natural selection Adaptation Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence
Fecundity_selection
Swiss non-profit organization
ProSpecieRara, the "Schweizerische Stiftung für die kulturhistorische und genetische Vielfalt von Pflanzen und Tieren" ("Swiss foundation for the cultural
ProSpecieRara
Rapid decrease in Earth's biodiversity
increases with respect to the background extinction rate and the rate of speciation. Estimates of the number of major mass extinctions in the last 540 million
Extinction_event
Study of distribution of species
usually be explained through a combination of historical factors such as: speciation, extinction, continental drift, and glaciation. Through observing the
Biogeography
Form of coevolution
Cospeciation is a form of coevolution in which the speciation of one species dictates speciation of another species and is most commonly studied in host-parasite
Cospeciation
Expected reproductive success
Mutation Natural selection Adaptation Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence
Fitness_(biology)
Chemical compound
Iron(III) sulfate or ferric sulfate is a family of inorganic compounds with the formula Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)n. A variety of hydrates are known, including the
Iron(III)_sulfate
Idea that an animal's developmental stages resemble its evolutionary ancestors
Mutation Natural selection Adaptation Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence
Recapitulation_theory
Change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population
affect speciation and extinction rates, and (b) strict-sense species selection, where species-level traits (e.g. geographical range) affect speciation and
Microevolution
Genus of birds
biologist Jürgen Haffer as an example of the "refugia" hypothesis of speciation. He suggested that the different species evolved from one common ancestor
Selenidera
Concept in evolutionary biology
reproduction) at the level of individuals, and the positive correlation between speciation and extinction rates in most higher taxa. In 1973, Leigh Van Valen proposed
Red_Queen_hypothesis
Genus of brush-footed butterflies
patterns. Heliconius butterflies are models for the study of speciation. Hybrid speciation has been hypothesized to occur in this genus and may contribute
Heliconius
Concept in genetics
small, newly isolated populations with his shifting balance theory of speciation. Following after Wright, Ernst Mayr created many persuasive models to
Genetic_drift
speciation rate among mammals, with one speciation event per lineage every 3 million years. However, not all primate species have a high speciation rate;
Deme_(biology)
not statistically test their own null model of simple speciation before concluding that speciation was complex, and—even if the null model could be rejected—they
Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor
Chimpanzee–human_last_common_ancestor
American evolutionary biologist (1929–2023)
best known for his research on the process of speciation, especially for his evidence of sympatric speciation in the apple maggot fruit fly, Rhagoletis pomonella
Guy_Louis_Bush
Religious rejection of evolution
with species, but most now accept that speciation can occur: not only is the evidence overwhelming for speciation, but the millions of species now in existence
Rejection of evolution by religious groups
Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups
ways. Variation observed within shark anatomy is a potential result of speciation and habitat variation. The five chordate synapomorphies are present in
Shark_anatomy
Japanese bank
The Yokohama Specie Bank (横浜正金銀行, Yokohama Shōkin Ginkō; YSB) was a Japanese bank founded in Yokohama in 1880, which dominated the Japanese market for
Yokohama_Specie_Bank
NGO enabling communication about chemistry
Review of In Situ Monitoring of Aquatic Systems: Chemical Analysis and Speciation from Barnes and Noble Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry
Study of changes in DNA and RNA over time
genetic nature of complex traits, the genetic basis of adaptation and speciation, the evolution of development, and patterns and processes underlying genomic
Molecular_evolution
Independent evolution of similar features
Mutation Natural selection Adaptation Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence
Convergent_evolution
Genome resulting from the mating of closely related species
hybrid speciation, defined by whether the speciation event is associated with genome duplication (polyploidy) or not. Homoploid hybrid speciation is defined
Eukaryote_hybrid_genome
Tendency of animals to return to an area, especially to reproduce
ultimately, speciation. Without genetic exchange, geographically and reproductively isolated populations may undergo genetic drift. Such speciation is most
Philopatry
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