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Space exploration program conducted by the Soviet Union from 1951 to 1991
The Soviet space program (Russian: Космическая программа СССР, romanized: Kosmicheskaya programma SSSR) was the state space program of the Soviet Union
Soviet_space_program
Soviet-era program that sent dogs to space
In the 1950s and 1960s, the Soviet space program used dogs for suborbital and orbital space flights as proof-of-concept to determine whether human spaceflight
Soviet_space_dogs
US–USSR spaceflight capability rivalry
1993 on the Shuttle–Mir and International Space Station programs. Although Germans, Americans and Soviets experimented with small liquid-fuel rockets
Space_Race
Programs by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon
The Soviet crewed lunar programs were a series of programs pursued by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon, in competition with the United States
Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs
Space agency of Russia
cosmonautics programs, and aerospace research. Roscosmos inherited the bulk of the vast Soviet space program following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in
Roscosmos
the Voskhod program, which was intended to achieve more Soviet firsts in space. Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United
Human_spaceflight_programs
Investigation of outer space
Soviet Union's Sputnik 1, on 4 October 1957, and the first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 mission on 20 July 1969. The Soviet space program achieved
Space_exploration
American space and aeronautics agency
joint program with the US Air Force. NACA's interest in space grew out of its rocketry program at the Pilotless Aircraft Research Division. The Soviet Union's
NASA
missions of the Soviet space program and the Russian Federal Space Agency, including ethnic Russians and people of other ethnicities. Soviet and Russian cosmonauts
List_of_cosmonauts
Overview of the space program of Kazakhstan
The space program of Kazakhstan is originated from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, when Kazakhstan declared their independence. The Kazakh
Kazakh_space_program
Space program of the Soviet Union
The Mars program was a series of uncrewed spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union between 1960 and 1973. The spacecraft were intended to explore Mars,
Soviet_Mars_program
Conspiracy theory about Soviet cosmonauts
theory, which alleges that Soviet and Russian space authorities have concealed the deaths of some cosmonauts in outer space. Proponents of the Lost Cosmonauts
Lost_Cosmonauts
Network of space communication facilities
The Soviet Deep Space Network (or Russian Deep Space Network) is a network of large antennas and communication facilities that support interplanetary spacecraft
Soviet_Deep_Space_Network
civilian and military space programs through regulatory agencies. The early history of U.S. space policy is linked to the U.S.–Soviet Space Race of the 1960s
Space policy of the United States
Space_policy_of_the_United_States
space program includes both civil and military spaceflight activities. It is the third oldest national space program in the world, after the Soviet (now
French_space_program
Ukrainian government agency
agency responsible for space policy and programs. It was formed on 29 February 1992, and was based on the Soviet space program infrastructure that remained
State_Space_Agency_of_Ukraine
to outer space, exploitation of space systems, and/or space exploration. The listings summarize all countries' and regional authorities' space agencies
List of government space agencies
List_of_government_space_agencies
launch attempts. Eventually the program was shut down. Soviet space program, the national space program of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from
Soviet_rocketry
Historical period started in 1957
death (in January 1966) of Sergey Korolev, chief engineer of the Soviet space program. The landing of Apollo 11 was watched by over 500 million people
Space_Age
Propaganda about space exploration and science
blaring cold-war overtones of the last great space race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. China's space program is conducted largely in secret, and Japan's
Space_propaganda
Russian program to develop nuclear weapons during and after World War II
The program created demand for nuclear weapons delivery, command and control, and early warning, influencing the Soviet space program. Soviet nuclear
Soviet_atomic_bomb_project
Series of space suit models from Russia
and built by NPP Zvezda. The Soviet space program and its successor the Russian space program, as well as space programs (including NASA) of other countries
Orlan_space_suit
a spinoff series focusing on the Soviet space program, was in development. In an alternate timeline in 1969, Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov becomes the
List of For All Mankind characters
List_of_For_All_Mankind_characters
Soviet aerospace engineer (1907–1966)
1966) was a Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer who led the development of the Soviet space program during the early years of the Space Race. Korolev
Sergei_Korolev
Spaceflight with a crew or passengers
the Soviet Union's Vostok program on 12 April 1961 at the beginning of the Space Race. On 5 May 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, as
Human_spaceflight
Monument in Moscow, Russia
many artifacts of the Soviet space program. Many streets in the area have been named after the precursors of the space program (Nikolai Kibalchich, Friedrich
Monument to the Conquerors of Space
Monument_to_the_Conquerors_of_Space
Soviet military space station program
The Almaz (Russian: Алмаз, lit. 'Diamond') program was a highly secret Soviet military space station program, begun in the early 1960s. Three crewed military
Almaz_program
Space travel by primates
definition of the edge of space (Ham and Enos, launched earlier by the United States, were chimpanzees). The Soviet / Russian space program used only rhesus macaques
Monkeys_and_apes_in_space
into space, with fruit flies surviving a 1947 flight, followed by primates in 1949. The Soviet space program launched multiple dogs into space, with
Animals_in_space
Instrument in space to study astronomical objects
OAO-2 launched in 1968, and the Soviet Orion 1 ultraviolet telescope aboard space station Salyut 1 in 1971. Space telescopes avoid several problems
Space_telescope
Soviet dog, first animal to orbit Earth (c. 1954–1957)
IPA: [ˈlajkə]; c. 1954 – 3 November 1957) was a Soviet space dog who was one of the first animals in space and the first to orbit the Earth. A stray mongrel
Laika
Soviet cosmonaut (1934–1968)
March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who became the first person to journey into outer space during the first successful crewed
Yuri_Gagarin
large-scale rocket programs were initiated in Nazi Germany by Wernher von Braun. The Soviet Union took the lead in the post-war Space Race, launching the
History_of_spaceflight
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
booster program but deferred a decision on the broader issue. On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to fly in space, reinforcing
Apollo_program
Launch site at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan
site at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan that was used by the Soviet space program and Roscosmos. The launchpad for the world's first human spaceflight
Gagarin's_Start
Soviet/Russian spacesuit used on Soyuz
for the Soviet space program following the Soyuz 11 disaster, and continues to see use in the modern day primarily by the Russian space program, being
Sokol_space_suit
Soviet international spaceflight program
Интеркосмос) was an international Soviet space program designed to promote cooperation among socialist countries in space exploration and research. Formed
Interkosmos
Branch of the Russian Aerospace Forces
indication of the indivisible connection between the Soviet Strategic Missile Forces and the Soviet space program the 627th Missile Regiment (627-й Ракетный полк)
Russian_Space_Forces
Soviet rocket engineer (1908–1989)
September 1908 – 10 January 1989) was a Soviet engineer who was program manager of the Soviet space program from 1974 until 1989. Glushko served as a
Valentin_Glushko
Weapons used in space warfare
Space weapons are also a central theme in military science fiction and sci-fi video games. The Soviet Almaz secret military space station program was
Space_weapon
Chinese space program Soviet space program – Space exploration program conducted by the Soviet Union from 1951 to 1991 List of government space agencies List
List of space programs of the United States
List_of_space_programs_of_the_United_States
2015 space flight simulation video game
Kerbal Space Program is a 2015 space flight simulation video game developed by Mexican studio Squad for Linux, macOS, Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation
Kerbal_Space_Program
1963 Soviet crewed spaceflight
London. The Exhibition featured many iconic objects from the Soviet space program. The Soviet state television network broadcast live video of Tereshkova
Vostok_6
2019 American science fiction drama
father of the Soviet space program; in our reality, he died during an operation in Moscow (in 1966) ... And after that point, their Moon program really never
For_All_Mankind_(TV_series)
2010 Russian animated film
comedy film. The film is based on the Soviet space dogs Belka and Strelka, the first animals who survived an orbital space trip, the Korabl-Sputnik 2 flight
Space_Dogs
Military branch for space warfare
and reorganizing Air Force Space Command into the United States Space Force. In the Soviet Union, the early space program was led by the OKB-1 design
Space_force
Soviet cosmonaut (1934–2019)
Apollo–Soyuz mission, which docked in space for two days with an American Apollo capsule. Leonov was twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1965, 1975), a Major General
Alexei_Leonov
Spacecraft crew member
human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member of a spacecraft. Although generally reserved for professional space travelers, the term
Astronaut
European organisation dedicated to space exploration
joining Soviet space missions since 1978. The first ESA astronaut to fly to space was Ulf Merbold who joined the STS-9 mission of the American Space Shuttle
European_Space_Agency
Soviet spacecraft research project, 1976–1993
started by the Soviet Union as a response to the United States Space Shuttle program. The latter's unclassified nature was a boon for the Soviets and resulted
Buran_programme
2014 book by Olesya Turkina
Soviet Space Dogs is a book written by Olesya Turkina about the dogs involved in the Soviet space program, from Laika and beyond—the Soviet space dogs
Soviet_Space_Dogs_(book)
First international crewed spaceflight mission
Apollo–Soyuz was the first crewed international space mission, conducted jointly by the United States and the Soviet Union in July 1975. Millions watched on television
Apollo–Soyuz
Italian radio hobbyists who claimed to have recorded covered up Soviet space missions
the Soviet space program covered up cosmonaut deaths in the 1960s. The pair claimed to have recorded communications from several failed secret Soviet space
Judica-Cordiglia_brothers
Cancelled 2005–2010 NASA human spaceflight program
The Constellation program (abbreviated CxP) was a crewed spaceflight program developed by NASA, the space agency of the United States, from 2005 to 2009
Constellation_program
Spaceflight programme in China
The China Manned Space Program (CMS; Chinese: 中国载人航天工程; pinyin: Zhōngguó Zàirén Hángtiān Gōngchéng), also known as Project 921 (Chinese: 九二一工程; pinyin:
China_Manned_Space_Program
German influence on the Soviet rocketry after WWII
Race for Space 1: Dawn of the Space Age. RHK. Retrieved 20 May 2022. Siddiqi, Asif (2000). Challenge to Apollo : the Soviet Union and the space race, 1945–1974
German influence on Soviet rocketry
German_influence_on_Soviet_rocketry
Head of the US independent space agency
the Space Shuttle effort, as well as the Viking program that sent landers to Mars. He oversaw the Skylab missions and approved the Voyager space probes
Administrator_of_NASA
China's space program. To fully utilize all available resources, China kick-started its missile development by manufacturing a licensed copy of two Soviet R-2
Chinese_space_program
the Soviet space program. These missions belong to the Vostok, Voskhod, and Soyuz space programs. The first patch from the Soviet Space Program was worn
List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
List_of_Soviet_human_spaceflight_missions
Soviet rocket scientist
scientists and founders in the Soviet Union's space program, and for many years a central figure in the Soviet space program. Despite his prominent role
Kerim_Kerimov
The program created demand for nuclear weapons delivery, command and control, and early warning, influencing the Soviet space program. Soviet nuclear
Soviet Union and weapons of mass destruction
Soviet_Union_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
German government program
French space program British space programme – Official efforts to develop space capabilities Chinese space program Soviet space program – Space exploration
German_space_programme
Soviet super heavy-lift launch vehicle (1965–1972)
Rocket"; Cyrillic: Н1) was a super heavy-lift launch vehicle of the Soviet space program intended for crewed travel to the Moon and beyond. All four launch
N1_(rocket)
1993–1998 collaborative Russia–US space program
Shuttle–Mir program (Russian: Программа «Мир»–«Шаттл») was a collaborative space program between Russia and the United States that involved American Space Shuttles
Shuttle–Mir_program
Soviet/Ukrainian heavy strategic cargo aircraft
configuration was partially built. After a brief period of use in the Soviet space program, the aircraft was mothballed during the early 1990s. Towards the
Antonov_An-225_Mriya
NASA-led lunar exploration program
The Artemis program is a Moon exploration program led by the United States' National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), aimed at returning humans
Artemis_program
National Space Agency of Pakistan
after the former Soviet Union launched its first satellite in space, the Sputnik 1. It was during the development of Apollo program in 1961 when Abdus
SUPARCO
2026 American TV series or program
referred to as the Chief Designer, the driving force behind the Soviet space program. The character was portrayed by Endre Hules in For All Mankind. Anna
Star_City_(TV_series)
U.S. military defense program (1984–1993)
and render nuclear weapons obsolete. Elements of the program reemerged in 2019 under the Space Development Agency (SDA). The Strategic Defense Initiative
Strategic_Defense_Initiative
Phase of the Cold War during 1953–1962
survive the trip to space, Belka and Strelka the Soviet space dogs. The Vostok Program was responsible for placing the first human in space, yet another task
Cold_War_(1953–1962)
timeline of achievements in Soviet and United States spaceflight, spanning the Cold War era of competition known as the Space Race. This list is limited
Timeline_of_the_Space_Race
Azerbaijan's space program is the program of the Azerbaijani government to develop Azerbaijan's space capabilities. "Azercosmos", the first satellite operator
Azerbaijan's_space_program
Device that releases oxygen via a chemical reaction
superoxide was used as an oxygen source on early crewed missions of the Soviet space program, in submarines for use in emergency situations, for firefighters
Chemical_oxygen_generator
American historian of science
origin, considered a leading scholar on Soviet space program history in the US and Cybernetics in the Soviet Union. In his work, Gerovitch emphasizes
Slava_Gerovitch
Logo designs used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASA logos The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has three official insignias: the NASA seal, the NASA insignia (known as the "meatball")
NASA_insignia
First multi-crew spaceflight
cosmonauts, but Soviet politicians pushed the Soviet space program into squeezing three cosmonauts into Voskhod 1. The only other space flight in the short
Voskhod_1
who flew for the Soviet Union see the dedicated header. The Soviet space program had no unified space agency, the parts of the program which were claimed
List of space travelers by nationality
List_of_space_travelers_by_nationality
Spaceport in Kazakhstan leased to Russia
It was originally built as the chief base of operations for the Soviet space program. The Cosmodrome served as the launching point for Sputnik 1 and Vostok
Baikonur_Cosmodrome
Gravity-independent ballpoint pen
write in space (the result purportedly being the Fisher Space Pen), while the Soviets just used pencils. In reality, NASA began to develop a space pen, but
Space_Pen
Billionaire space rivalry
in space, often in response to government programs or to develop the space tourism sector. Some of this competitiveness is part of the New Space Race
Billionaire_space_race
Spaceflight mission emblem worn by astronauts
the military, used in both wartime and peacetime. The first space patch was flown by Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova on the Vostok 6 mission in 1963;
Mission_patch
Renewed 21st-century competition in space exploration
launch technology. The Cold War-era Space Race was primarily a geopolitical rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union to achieve superior spaceflight
New_Space_Race
space and foreign policy, Manber is the author of the 2009 book, Selling Peace: Inside the Soviet Conspiracy That Transformed the U.S. Space Program,
Jeffrey_Manber
Method of suicide
not likely be necessary. Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov stated that the Soviet space program gave him a suicide pill for use if he could not reenter Voskhod 2
Suicide_pill
Public policy concerning the exploration of outer space
international space law. The inception of the field of space law began with the launch of the world's first artificial satellite by the Soviet Union in October
Space_policy
successes. Spending on the space program peaked in 1989, when its budget totaled 6.9 billion rubles, amounting to 1.5% of the Soviet Union's gross domestic
Space_industry_of_Russia
Soviet cosmonaut (1935–2000)
camera for ten minutes. Titov continued to work for the Soviet space program. Under the Spiral program, he trained to become the first pilot of an orbital
Gherman_Titov
Government agency
Washington, and Paris. The origins of the Canadian upper atmosphere and space program can be traced back to the end of the Second World War. Between 1945
Canadian_Space_Agency
Soviet space station programme
"fireworks") was the first space station programme, undertaken by the Soviet Union. It involved a series of four crewed scientific research space stations and two
Salyut_programme
Soviet aerospace engineer
engineer in the former Soviet Union, and a prominent rocket pioneer, best remembered for the failures in the Soviet space program that took place under
Vasily_Mishin
First crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
(Russian: Союз 1, lit. 'Union 1') was a crewed spaceflight of the Soviet space program. Launched into orbit on 23 April 1967 carrying cosmonaut colonel
Soyuz_1
Indian Air Force pilot (born 1943)
spaceflight in the Soviet Union's Intercosmos program. Malhotra served as backup for Rakesh Sharma on the Soyuz T-11 mission to Salyut 7 space station which
Ravish_Malhotra
Russian spacecraft manufacturer
group was responsible for pioneering achievements in the Soviet and Russian space programs, including the launch of the first artificial satellite Sputnik
Energia_(corporation)
Secret post-WWII United States program
the Nazi rocket program, aviation, or chemical/biological warfare. The Soviet Union in the following year conducted a similar program, called Operation
Operation_Paperclip
Russian scientist (1857–1935)
Korolev and Valentin Glushko, who contributed to the success of the Soviet space program. Tsiolkovsky spent most of his life in a log house on the outskirts
Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky
Budget allocated to American space agency NASA by the US Congress
history to pursue programs in aeronautics research, robotic spaceflight, technology development, and human space exploration programs. NASA's budget for
Budget_of_NASA
Nuclear weapons delivery system
that the US was already planning to use space to mount nuclear attacks. The success of the Soviet Vostok program which saw a rocket send a human into orbit
Fractional Orbital Bombardment System
Fractional_Orbital_Bombardment_System
Soviet and Russian test pilot (1927–2010)
2010) was a Russian military officer and a test pilot in the former Soviet space program. Ilyushin was a son of the famous aviation designer Sergey Ilyushin
Vladimir_Ilyushin
1966 uncrewed space mission of the Soviet Union's Luna programme
9 (Луна-9), internal designation Ye-6 No.13, was an uncrewed space mission of the Soviet Union's Luna programme. On 3 February 1966, the Luna 9 spacecraft
Luna_9
Soviet designed rocket family
by Roscosmos for commercial and state payloads. Developed by the Soviet space program, its first launch, a Proton-K variant, was in 1965. The modernized
Proton_(rocket_family)
SOVIET SPACE-PROGRAM
SOVIET SPACE-PROGRAM
Girl/Female
Tamil
Antariksha | அஂதரிகà¯à®·
Space, Sky
Antariksha | அஂதரிகà¯à®·
Girl/Female
Indian, Japanese, Tamil
Space; Star
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Space; Outer Space; Sky
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Space
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu
Limitless Space
Surname or Lastname
English or Scottish
English or Scottish : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a frugal person, from Middle English spare ‘sparing’, ‘frugal’.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Space; Sky
Boy/Male
Hindu
Space
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Space; Sky
Boy/Male
Hindu
Space
Boy/Male
Tamil
Antrix | அஂதà¯à®°à¯€à®•à¯à®·
Space
Antrix | அஂதà¯à®°à¯€à®•à¯à®·
Female
German
Dutch and German form of French Sophie, SOFIE means "wisdom."Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a vernacular short form of the Latin personal name Paschalis (see Pascal, Italian Pasquale).nickname for a mild-mannered and peaceable person, from Middle English pace, pece ‘peace’, ‘concord’, ‘amity’ (via Anglo-Norman French from Latin pax, genitive pacis).Italian : from the medieval personal name Pace, used for both men and women, from the word pace ‘peace’ (see 1).
Boy/Male
Tamil
Antareeksh | அஂதரீகà¯à®·
Space
Antareeksh | அஂதரீகà¯à®·
Boy/Male
Tamil
Antariksh | அஂதரிகà¯à®·
Space
Antariksh | அஂதரிகà¯à®·
Male
Hebrew
(טï‹×‘ִת) Variant spelling of Hebrew Tobit, TOVIT means "good."Â
Boy/Male
Hindu
Space
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the French personal name Pascal, PACE means "Passover; Easter."
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Space; Universe
SOVIET SPACE-PROGRAM
SOVIET SPACE-PROGRAM
Male
Finnish
Finnish form of Frankish German Raginmund, RAIMO means "wise protector."
Girl/Female
Arabic
Best of Everything / Everyone
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Friend.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Relived from All
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Garland of the Moon
Girl/Female
Arabic, Assamese, French, Indian, Kannada, Muslim
Good Fortune; Success
Boy/Male
Muslim
Ease, Wealth, Lives forever
Boy/Male
Indian
Happiness
Boy/Male
Tamil
Krishna, Cowherd
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Perfect in Any Task
SOVIET SPACE-PROGRAM
SOVIET SPACE-PROGRAM
SOVIET SPACE-PROGRAM
SOVIET SPACE-PROGRAM
SOVIET SPACE-PROGRAM
v. t.
Held in reserve, to be used in an emergency; as, a spare anchor; a spare bed or room.
n.
Space.
n.
To walk; to rove; to roam.
v. t.
To dig with a spade; to pare off the sward of, as land, with a spade.
v. t.
Being over and above what is necessary, or what must be used or reserved; not wanted, or not used; superfluous; as, I have no spare time.
n.
Figuratively, that which enriches or alters the quality of a thing in a small degree, as spice alters the taste of food; that which gives zest or pungency; a slight flavoring; a relish; hence, a small quantity or admixture; a sprinkling; as, a spice of mischief.
v. t.
Scanty; not abundant or plentiful; as, a spare diet.
imp. & p. p.
of Space
v. t.
To measure by steps or paces; as, to pace a piece of ground.
n.
A quantity or portion of extension; distance from one thing to another; an interval between any two or more objects; as, the space between two stars or two hills; the sound was heard for the space of a mile.
adv.
With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily.
n.
A number of persons associated for any temporary or permanent object; an association for mutual or joint usefulness, pleasure, or profit; a social union; a partnership; as, a missionary society.
n.
One of the intervals, or open places, between the lines of the staff.
v. t.
To develop, guide, or control the pace or paces of; to teach the pace; to break in.
n.
To arrange or adjust the spaces in or between; as, to space words, lines, or letters.
v. t.
To season with spice, or as with spice; to mix aromatic or pungent substances with; to flavor; to season; as, to spice wine; to spice one's words with wit.
n.
Manner of stepping or moving; gait; walk; as, the walk, trot, canter, gallop, and amble are paces of the horse; a swaggering pace; a quick pace.
n.
The right of bowling again at a full set of pins, after having knocked all the pins down in less than three bowls. If all the pins are knocked down in one bowl it is a double spare; in two bowls, a single spare.
n.
One of that suit of cards each of which bears one or more figures resembling a spade.