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Scientific study of sound perception
Psychoacoustics is the branch of psychophysics involving the scientific study of the perception of sound by the human auditory system. It is the branch
Psychoacoustics
Perceptual property in music ordering sounds from low to high
subjective psychoacoustical attribute of sound. Historically, the study of pitch and pitch perception has been a central problem in psychoacoustics, and has
Pitch_(music)
Form of art using sound
systematic structures of these cognitive phenomena can be investigated. Psychoacoustics is the scientific study of sound perception. More specifically, it
Music
Scraping a chalkboard
the innate reaction to the sound has been studied in the field of psychoacoustics (the branch of psychology concerned with the perception of sound and
Chalkboard_scraping
American psychologist and computer scientist (1915-1990)
in 1937 and an M.A. in psychology in 1938. He received a Ph.D. in psychoacoustics from the University of Rochester in 1942 as well as a Doctorate in
J._C._R._Licklider
Branch of physics involving mechanical waves
research to advance our knowledge of the perception (e.g. hearing, psychoacoustics or neurophysiology) of speech, music and noise. Other acoustic scientists
Acoustics
Unit of perceived loudness
pressure. The study of perceived loudness is included in the topic of psychoacoustics and employs methods of psychophysics. Doubling the perceived loudness
Sone
Categorizations of simultaneous or successive sounds
In music, consonance and dissonance are categorizations of simultaneous or successive sounds. Within the Western tradition, some listeners associate consonance
Consonance_and_dissonance
Quality of a musical note or sound or tone
(/ˈtæmbər, ˈtɪm-, ˈtæ̃-/), also known as tone color or tone quality (from psychoacoustics), is the perceived sound of a musical note, sound or tone. Timbre distinguishes
Timbre
Engineer involved in the recording, reproduction, or reinforcement of sound
retrieval; music therapy, and the perception and cognition of music. Psychoacoustics is the scientific study of how humans respond to what they hear. At
Audio_engineer
Digital audio format
temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient (see psychoacoustics). Frequency resolution is limited by the small long block window size
MP3
Measure used in psychoacoustics
The equivalent rectangular bandwidth or ERB is a measure used in psychoacoustics, which gives an approximation to the bandwidths of the filters in human
Equivalent rectangular bandwidth
Equivalent_rectangular_bandwidth
Full-sphere surround sound format
Ambisonics is a full-sphere surround sound format created by a group of English researchers — among them Michael A. Gerzon, Peter Barnes Fellgett, and
Ambisonics
Subjective perception of sound pressure
components. The study of apparent loudness is included in the topic of psychoacoustics and employs methods of psychophysics. In different industries, loudness
Loudness
Perceived quality of sound
accordance with Weber's Law. Auditory masking Consonance and dissonance Psychoacoustics (Masking effects) Hollins, M; Bensmaia S.J. (2007). "The coding of
Roughness_(psychophysics)
Random noise whose frequency spectrum follows a psychoacoustic equal loudness curve
with equal energy. The difference between the two is the result of psychoacoustics, more specifically the fact that the human hearing is more sensitive
Grey_noise
based on models of human hearing and vision, such as those studied in psychoacoustics and psychovisual research. By discarding or reducing components of
Perceptual_coding
Proprietary electronic system used for radio and television ratings gathering
Marietta decided that the best approach was to employ the principle of psychoacoustics to mask the embedded code signal, an approach described in US Patent
Portable_People_Meter
Audible vibration that travels via pressure waves in matter
electroacoustics, environmental noise, musical acoustics, noise control, psychoacoustics, speech, ultrasound, underwater acoustics, and vibration. Sound travels
Sound
Interdisciplinary science of getting data from music
Those involved in MIR may have a background in academic musicology, psychoacoustics, psychology, signal processing, informatics, machine learning, optical
Music_information_retrieval
Branch of engineering dealing with sound and vibration
instance, manipulating the sound of door closures on automobiles. Psychoacoustics tries to explain how humans respond to what they hear, whether that
Acoustical_engineering
American scientist
sound design for theater, productivity music for industry, and applied psychoacoustics for warfare. He was a professor at the Stevens Institute of Technology
Harold_Burris-Meyer
Band of audio frequencies that produce the effect of auditory masking in the human ear
In audiology and psychoacoustics the concept of critical bands, introduced by Harvey Fletcher in 1933 and refined in 1940, describes the frequency bandwidth
Critical_band
Minimum sound level that an average human can hear
intensity. dB(A) Equal-loudness contour Hearing range Loudness Phon Psychoacoustics Psychophysics Signal detection theory Sone Durrant J D., Lovrinic J
Absolute_threshold_of_hearing
Representation of sound, typically as an electrical voltage
processing Digital recording Equalization (audio) Professional audio Psychoacoustics Sound intensity Sound recording and reproduction Stereophonic sound
Audio_signal
American scientist
to psychologists for his pioneering research on auditory masking in psychoacoustics, his stimulus-oriented approach to signal-detection theory in psychophysics
Lloyd_A._Jeffress
Hearing loss caused by an inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve defect
reliability of such tests, it has been suggested [weasel words]that psychoacoustic tuning curves (PTCs) and threshold-equalising noise (TEN) results may
Sensorineural_hearing_loss
Experimental acoustical apparatus
Reverberation Soundproofing String vibration Sympathetic resonance Spectrogram Psychoacoustics Pitch Bark scale Mel scale Equal-loudness contour Fletcher–Munson curves
Kundt's_tube
German scientist
together with Richard Feldtkeller, was author of the standard work for psychoacoustics Das Ohr als Nachrichtenempfänger. (The Ear as Message Receiver). In
Eberhard_Zwicker
Research laboratory in the Department of Computer Science at Princeton University
languages for audio and multimedia, interactive controller design, psychoacoustics, and real-time systems for composition and performance. The lab has
Princeton_Sound_Lab
Finnish speech processing researcher and inventor
synthesis, speech analysis, speech technology, audio signal processing and psychoacoustics. He was the head of Acoustics Laboratory at the Helsinki University
Matti_Antero_Karjalainen
Disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds
Another relatively novel development in misophonia assessment is a psychoacoustic measure, which uses adults' self-reported ratings of the pleasantness
Misophonia
Algorithm for objectively measuring perceived audio quality
estimation of the actual masked threshold is derived using rules known from psychoacoustics. This is the perceptual model of the encoding system. The spectral
Perceptual Evaluation of Audio Quality
Perceptual_Evaluation_of_Audio_Quality
Acoustic phenomenon
bass harmonics processing. Psychoacoustics Subharmonic Howard, David M.; Angus, J. A. S. (2017). Acoustics and Psychoacoustics Fifth Edition (5th ed.).
Missing_fundamental
American composer and musical artist
installation artist. She is known for working extensively with a family of psychoacoustic phenomena called auditory distortion products (also known as distortion
Maryanne_Amacher
American periodical published 1947–2000
technology as well as informational articles on topics such as acoustics, psychoacoustics and the art of listening. Audio claimed to be the successor of Radio
Audio_(magazine)
German electrical engineer and mathematician
of audio coding, perception measurement, wave field synthesis and psychoacoustics. Brandenburg has received numerous national and international research
Karlheinz_Brandenburg
Audible impression of a spatially extended sound source
acoustics, architectural acoustics, auralization, musical acoustics, psychoacoustics, and systematic musicology. Apparent source width is the aurally perceived
Apparent_source_width
Physiological capacity
actually saying it. Relating to auditory cognitive psychology is psychoacoustics. Psychoacoustics is more directed at people interested in music. Haptics, a
Sense
Branch of both psychology and musicology
memory, attention, and performance. Originally arising in fields of psychoacoustics and sensation, cognitive theories of how people understand music more
Psychology_of_music
Study and modification of the noise and vibration characteristics of vehicles
human subjective impressions. The latter tools belong to the field psychoacoustics. Interior NVH deals with noise and vibration experienced by the occupants
Noise, vibration, and harshness
Noise,_vibration,_and_harshness
Emeritus Fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge. His research focuses on psychoacoustics, audiology, and the development and assessment of hearing aids (signal
Brian_Moore_(scientist)
Topics referred to by the same term
roughness of land and waterway features Roughness (psychophysics) in psychoacoustics refers to the level of dissonance The 'roughness' of a line or surface
Roughness
Increased sensitivity to sound and decreased tolerance of noise
Hyperacusis is an increased sensitivity to sound (including pain) and a low tolerance for environmental noise. Definitions of hyperacusis can vary significantly;
Hyperacusis
Computer format for digital audio
quality, but a variety of techniques are used, mainly by exploiting psychoacoustics, to remove the parts of the sound that have the least effect on perceived
Audio_file_format
Lossy audio coding technique
input signal spectrum into some number (e.g., 32) of subbands. The psychoacoustic model looks at the energy in each of these subbands, as well as in the
Sub-band_coding
MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) audio encoder
has incorporated many improvements since then, including an improved psychoacoustic model. LAME was required by some programs released as free software
LAME
Research program in hearing sciences
been proposed under the general heading of ecological psychoacoustics. Ecological psychoacoustics generally considers auditory perception in terms of the
Human_auditory_ecology
Digital audio compression artifact
Bleed-through Psychoacoustics Iwai, Kyle K (1994). "Pre-Echo Detection & Reduction" (PDF). Zwicker, Eberhard; Fastl, Hugo (2010). Psychoacoustics: facts and
Pre-echo
Seminal work on stereophonic sound by Alan Blumlein
this work", and thus prefaced the patent formula with a summary on psychoacoustics of sound localization. Blumlein's theory follows Rayleigh's duplex
United_Kingdom_patent_394325
English polymath (1773–1829)
Reverberation Soundproofing String vibration Sympathetic resonance Spectrogram Psychoacoustics Pitch Bark scale Mel scale Equal-loudness contour Fletcher–Munson curves
Thomas_Young_(scientist)
Sound-making device for moving vehicles
siren Vehicle-mounted whistle Lansey, Jonathan (2025-12-08). "The Psychoacoustics of the Two-Tone Horn". Bike Research. Retrieved 2025-12-08. "The "Voice"
Vehicle_horn
codec. It is commonly used on digital dictation recorders. Modern psychoacoustical codecs that perform nearly as well at only slightly higher bitrates
Digital_Speech_Standard
Compact encoding of digital data
compression, by discarding less-critical data based on psychoacoustic optimizations. Psychoacoustics recognizes that not all data in an audio stream can
Data_compression
Bowed string instrument
to slightly below the pitch of this note." Schleske, Martin. "The psychoacoustic secret of vibrato". Archived from the original on 7 February 2010. Retrieved
Violin
Neural activity synching to external stimuli
Brainwave entrainment, also referred to as brainwave synchronization or neural entrainment, refers to the observation that brainwaves (large-scale electrical
Brainwave_entrainment
Sensory perception of sound by living organisms
Hearing range Human echolocation Listening Neuronal encoding of sound Psychoacoustics Safe listening Temporal envelope and fine structure World Hearing Day
Hearing
1936 Ecole Superieure d'Electricite, Paris - 1937 Known for Psychoacoustics, Provost of MIT Scientific career Fields Psychoacoustics Institutions MIT
Walter_A._Rosenblith
Range of new religious beliefs and practices
Brian Eno, classical avant-garde musician Daniel Kobialka, and the psychoacoustic environments recordings of Irv Teibel. In the early 1970s, it was mostly
New_Age
businessman who co-founded the Now Hear This (NHT) speaker company. Psychoacoustics (the human perception of sound) were of particular interest to Kantor
Kenneth_Kantor
Composer and university professor
processing aspects of computer music Sound spatialization acoustics, psychoacoustics Spouse Timothy Francis Morin Children Glenna Rosaleen Morin Website
JoAnn_Kuchera-Morin
Surname list
Christian Lorenzi (born 1968), French professor and researcher in psychoacoustics Gianluca de Lorenzi (born 1972), Italian auto racing driver Stefano
Lorenzi
Perceptually indistinguishable data compression
In data compression and psychoacoustics, transparency is the result of lossy data compression advanced enough that the compressed result is perceptually
Transparency (data compression)
Transparency_(data_compression)
British scientist
March 2005) was a British scientist who studied insect physiology and psychoacoustics. He has been described as "an international authority" on "the structure
James_Beament
Aspect of music
alike. Drawing both from music theoretical traditions and the field of psychoacoustics, its perception in large part consists of recognizing and processing
Harmony
often related to one or many of these other fields: psychophysics, psychoacoustics, audiology, physiology, otorhinolaryngology, speech science, automatic
Auditory_science
GM, Dooling RJ, Fay RR, Stebbins WC (eds.). Methods in Comparative Psychoacoustics. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag. pp. 307–318. Zentall TR, Wasserman
Animal_cognition
American electrical engineer, scientist, and author
concerning radio communication, microwave technology, computer music, psychoacoustics, and science fiction. Additionally to his professional career he wrote
John_R._Pierce
False perception of sound
ISSN 1531-7129. PMID 27518136. Henry JA, Meikle MB (March 2000). "Psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus". Journal of the American Academy of Audiology
Tinnitus
Endaural phenomena are sounds that are heard without any external acoustic stimulation. Endaural means "in the ear". Phenomena include transient ringing
Endaural_phenomena
American field recordist and record producer
Syntonic Research, Inc., is best known for its influential environments psychoacoustic recording series (1969–1979) and The Altered Nixon Speech (1973). Teibel
Irv_Teibel
Aspect of human perception
perception relates to consciousness. Backward masking was first studied in psychoacoustics, where later sounds can make earlier sounds harder to hear. The idea
Backward_masking
American composer (born 1936)
ensembles. The increased number of performers resulted in more scope for psychoacoustic effects, which fascinated Reich, and he noted that he would like to
Steve_Reich
American engineer (1929–2013)
the listening space of the audience in a concert hall. His focus on psychoacoustics later became a hallmark of his company's audio products. For initial
Amar_Bose
Logarithmic unit of loudness level
may present an identical sound pressure to a human ear, they may be psychoacoustically perceived as differing in loudness. The purpose of the phon is to
Phon
American audio equipment manufacturer
primarily addressing portable recording and microphones designed using psychoacoustic principles. Founded in 1989, it is a manufacturer of binaural microphones
Core_Sound_LLC
Technique for creating virtual acoustic environments
Research trends in wave field synthesis include the consideration of psychoacoustics to reduce the necessary number of loudspeakers, and to implement complicated
Wave_field_synthesis
Professor in the School of Psychology at the University of Plymouth
School of Psychology at the University of Plymouth, whose specialty is psychoacoustics and human factors. Her work has centred on auditory alarm implications
Judy_Edworthy
Lossy audio compression format
according to a psychoacoustic model, which takes into account the parameters of the human auditory system. Research into psychoacoustics has shown that
MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II
Distinguished Professor at Northeastern University specialising in psychoacoustics with interests in models of hearing (normal and impaired), non-native
Mary_Florentine
Scientific study of music using empirical and theoretical methods
Musical Acoustics, Signal Processing, Music Psychology, Psychophysics/Psychoacoustics, and Music Ethnology while also taking recent research trends into
Systematic_musicology
Sequence of frequencies
intervals (see just intonation). This objective structure is augmented by psychoacoustic phenomena. For example, a perfect fifth, say 200 and 300 Hz (cycles
Harmonic_series_(music)
Disciplines into which the field of engineering is conventionally divided
Bioacoustics – sound production and reception in animals Noise control Psychoacoustics Underwater acoustics Vibration control Energy engineering Energy systems
List_of_engineering_branches
Danish audio-visual products company
musikgengivelse, meaning "honest music reproduction". To this end, psychoacoustics was important to designing and testing B&O products.[citation needed]
Bang_&_Olufsen
Type of signal in signal processing
978-0-240-80830-7. Toole, Floyd E. (2008). Sound Reproduction: The Acoustics and Psychoacoustics of Loudspeakers and Rooms. Focal Press. ISBN 978-0-240-52009-4. O'Connell
White_noise
Type of data compression
that the human eye can see only certain wavelengths of light. The psychoacoustic model describes how sound can be highly compressed without degrading
Lossy_compression
Lossy audio compression applied to human speech
in audio data compression and audio coding, where appreciation of psychoacoustics is used to transmit only data that is relevant to the human auditory
Speech_coding
Electroacoustics Environmental noise Noise control Outdoor sound propagation Psychoacoustics Remote sensing using sound Sound reproduction Soundscapes Surround
Salford_Acoustics
2009 film score by Danny Elfman
sequencer provided him a vast library of electronic, synth sounds and psychoacoustics, coming up with multiple variations on each cue. Common, who starred
Terminator Salvation (soundtrack)
Terminator_Salvation_(soundtrack)
Digitally coded format for audio signals
to a psychoacoustic model; the implementer of an encoder has some freedom of choice in which data to remove (according to their psychoacoustic model)
Audio_coding_format
American composer (1931–2021)
Ashley, David Behrman, and Gordon Mumma. Much of Lucier's work explores psychoacoustic phenomena and the physical properties of sound. Alvin Augustus Lucier
Alvin_Lucier
Train system using magnetic levitation
noise than a conventional train at equivalent speeds. However, the psychoacoustic profile of the maglev may reduce this benefit: a study concluded that
Maglev
Set of commercial dithering and noise shaping algorithms
POW-R (Psychoacoustically Optimized Wordlength Reduction) is a set of commercial dithering and noise shaping algorithms used in digital audio bit-depth
POW-R
frequency limit of human hearing. Super tweeters have been designed for psychoacoustic testing, for extended-range digital audio such as high-resolution audio
Super_tweeter
Psychoacoustics specialist
in psychoacoustics. He was a leading authority on hearing, especially musical and binaural psychoacoustics. Schubert got his start on psychoacoustics in
Earl_Schubert
Means of quantifying system performance
more valid methods for distortion measurement. Measurements based on psychoacoustics, such as the measurement of noise, often use a weighting filter. It
Audio_system_measurements
Scholarly study of music
Psychology and sociology Physiology and neuroscience Acoustics and psychoacoustics Information sciences and mathematics Musicology also has two central
Musicology
Computer technology
ADPCM LPC ACELP CELP LAR LSP WLPC Motion Compensation Estimation Vector Psychoacoustic Audio Concepts Bit rate ABR CBR VBR Companding Convolution Dynamic range
Silence_compression
Psychoacoustical phenomenon
the front. The effect was taken into account and exploited in the psychoacoustics of the Fosgate Tate 101A SQ decoder, developed by Jim Fosgate in consultation
Precedence_effect
Application of computing technology in music
sound design, sonic diffusion, acoustics, electrical engineering, and psychoacoustics. The field of computer music can trace its roots back to the origins
Computer_music
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