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Measure used in psychoacoustics
The equivalent rectangular bandwidth or ERB is a measure used in psychoacoustics, which gives an approximation to the bandwidths of the filters in human
Equivalent rectangular bandwidth
Equivalent_rectangular_bandwidth
Effect in signal processing
phenomenon Mathematically, the noise equivalent bandwidth of transfer function H is the bandwidth of an ideal rectangular filter with the same peak gain as
Spectral_leakage
Range of usable frequencies
Bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies in a continuous band of frequencies. It is typically measured in unit of hertz (symbol
Bandwidth_(signal_processing)
Band of audio frequencies that produce the effect of auditory masking in the human ear
is the equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB). The ERB shows the relationship between the auditory filter, frequency, and the critical bandwidth. An ERB
Critical_band
Short-time Fourier transform with variable resolution
ways to calculate the bandwidth of the VQT, one of them using equivalent rectangular bandwidth as a value for VQT bin's bandwidth. The simplest way to
Constant-Q_transform
Matrix with non-zero elements only in a diagonal band
band matrix can be likened in complexity to a rectangular matrix whose row dimension is equal to the bandwidth of the band matrix. Thus the work involved
Band_matrix
Auditory frequency metric
to light of different wavelengths. Fletcher–Munson curves Equivalent rectangular bandwidth, the ERB scale Critical bands Zwicker, E. (1961), "Subdivision
Bark_scale
Scientific study of sound perception
Chalkboard scraping, sound of fingernails scraping chalkboard Equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB) Health effects from noise Hypersonic effect Language
Psychoacoustics
Concept in statistics
artifacts arising from using a bandwidth h = 0.05, which is too small. The green curve is oversmoothed since using the bandwidth h = 2 obscures much of the
Kernel_density_estimation
Topics referred to by the same term
main types of estrogen receptors Effective resolution bandwidth Equivalent rectangular bandwidth Erb, an implementation of eRuby Edgar Rice Burroughs,
Erb
Function for correlating hair cells with auditory neurons
speech recognition (Wilson 2004). Bark scale Critical band Equivalent rectangular bandwidth Mel scale K. Chivukula; B. Laulicht; D. Marcello; R. Patel;
Greenwood_function
Antenna fabricated using photolithographic techniques
has a single radiation edge (equivalent slot) which lowers the directivity/gain of the antenna. The impedance bandwidth is slightly lower than a half-wavelength
Microstrip_antenna
Process in electronics and telecommunications
unaffected by the bandwidth limitation of the channel. It is also called a Boxcar filter as its frequency domain equivalent is a rectangular shape. Theoretically
Pulse_shaping
Standardized protocol
by the bandwidth requirements for PCM-encoded telephonic voice signals: at this rate, an STS-1/OC-1 circuit can carry the bandwidth equivalent of a standard
Synchronous optical networking
Synchronous_optical_networking
Function used in signal processing
parameter B displayed on each spectral plot is the function's noise equivalent bandwidth metric, in units of DFT bins. See spectral leakage §§ Discrete-time
Window_function
Type of non-sinusoidal waveform
physical systems, as it would require infinite bandwidth. Square waves in physical systems have only finite bandwidth and often exhibit ringing effects similar
Square_wave_(waveform)
Sufficiency theorem for reconstructing signals from samples
given bandwidth, such that no actual information is lost in the sampling process. It expresses the sufficient sample rate in terms of the bandwidth for
Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem
Nyquist–Shannon_sampling_theorem
Quick, temporary change in amplitude of electrical signals
depending on which side of rectangular pulse. A digital timing diagram is an example of a well-ordered collection of rectangular pulses. A Nyquist pulse
Pulse_(signal_processing)
Type of geometry for connecting computer nodes
main motivation of having higher dimension of torus is to achieve higher bandwidth, lower latency, and higher scalability. Higher-dimensional arrays are
Torus_interconnect
Range of spectroscopic analysis
instrument bandwidth (bandwidth of the incident light) is kept below the width of the spectral peaks. When a test material is being measured, the bandwidth of
Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy
Ultraviolet–visible_spectroscopy
Signal processing technique
increase the signal to noise ratio when the peak power and the bandwidth (or equivalently range resolution) of the transmitted signal are constrained. This
Pulse_compression
Ratio of the desired signal to the background noise
noise power must be measured at the same or equivalent points in a system, and within the same system bandwidth. The signal-to-noise ratio of a random variable
Signal-to-noise_ratio
Antenna testing techniques
simply to characterize them. Typical antenna parameters include gain, bandwidth, radiation pattern, beamwidth, polarization, and impedance. These parameters
Antenna_measurement
Hollow metal pipe used to carry radio waves
highest possible bandwidth allowing only a single mode to propagate is only 1.3601:1. Because rectangular waveguides have a much larger bandwidth over which
Waveguide_(radio_frequency)
Life Achievement Award of the American Auditory Society. [7] Equivalent rectangular bandwidth Equal-loudness contour Temporal envelope and fine structure
Brian_Moore_(scientist)
Study of classical optics using Fourier transforms
spectrum to represent bandwidth in a number. For optical systems, bandwidth also relates to spatial frequency content (spatial bandwidth), but it also has
Fourier_optics
Funnel-shaped waveguide radio device
microwave radiometers. Their advantages are moderate directivity, broad bandwidth, low losses, and simple construction and adjustment. One of the first
Horn_antenna
Frequency of a chirp pulse
particular values of center frequency and bandwidth. This product, T.ΔF, is often referred to as the time-bandwidth product of the chirp. Tables of the Fresnel
Chirp_spectrum
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth. The main advantage of OFDM over single-carrier schemes is its ability
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
Equivalent circuit Equivalent dose Equivalent dumping coefficient Equivalent noise resistance Equivalent potential temperature Equivalent rectangular
Index_of_physics_articles_(E)
Width and height of a display in pixels
pitch shadow mask (such as Trinitron) in color displays, and the video bandwidth. Most television display manufacturers "overscan" the pictures on their
Display_resolution
Replaceable RAM form factor
lower thickness, enables faster speeds above 6400 MT/s (hence higher bandwidth), and allows for higher capacities up to 128 GB per module on LPDDR5:
CAMM_(memory_module)
Output as a function of input frequency
overall response is as flat (uniform) as possible across the system's bandwidth. In control systems, such as a vehicle's cruise control, it may be used
Frequency_response
Video projection technique
the yaw and pitch (longitude and latitude) of a sphere linearly to a rectangular image. It produces a signature curved look. In addition, the distribution
360_video_projection
Telecommunications, sound and video
typical NTSC broadcast signal's visible portion has an equivalent resolution of 449 x 483 rectangular pixels. Rear Projection (RPTV) displays can be made
Technology_of_television
Type of signal filter
(theoretically) by multiplying a signal by the rectangular function in the frequency domain or, equivalently, convolution with its impulse response, a sinc
Low-pass_filter
Rectangular two-element array antenna
handbook author Les Moxon (call sign G6XN). The Moxon antenna design is rectangular, with slightly less than half of the rectangle being the driven element
Moxon_antenna
Waveguide formed by posts inserted in a dielectric substrate
similar guided wave and mode characteristics to conventional rectangular waveguide with equivalent guide wavelength. Since the emergence of new communication
Substrate-integrated waveguide
Substrate-integrated_waveguide
Audio signal processing technique
spectrum of a chirp pulse, with a time-bandwidth product of 250, is shown on the left, and is approximately rectangular in profile. Below this plot, also on
Chirp_compression
Matrix decomposition
zeroes in the R matrix. However, the Householder reflection algorithm is bandwidth heavy and difficult to parallelize, as every reflection that produces
QR_decomposition
Electronic filter that is constructed with waveguide technology
the width of a rectangular waveguide has an equivalent circuit of a shunt inductance, whereas one which restricts the height is equivalent to a shunt capacitance
Waveguide_filter
Device to couple energy between circuits
called 'slugs') which allow adjustment of the coupling coefficient (and bandwidth) of tuned radio-frequency circuits. Toroidal transformers are built around
Transformer
Type of electronic filter circuit
discussing band-pass filters is the fractional bandwidth. This is defined as the ratio of the bandwidth to the geometric centre frequency. The inverse
Distributed-element_filter
Representation of a signal as a rectangular wave with varying duty cycle
pulse-length modulation (PLM), is any method of representing a signal as a rectangular wave with a varying duty cycle (and for some methods also a varying period)
Pulse-width_modulation
Equipment for electromagnetic testing
frequency at the same time. The Q-bandwidth B W Q {\displaystyle {\rm {BW}}_{Q}} is a measure of the frequency bandwidth over which the modes in a reverberation
Electromagnetic reverberation chamber
Electromagnetic_reverberation_chamber
measurement bandwidth is determined by the frequency response of the sampler which currently can extend beyond 90 GHz. An alternative to sequential equivalent-time
Oscilloscope_types
Electrical engineers graphical calculator
narrow band applications (typically up to about 5% to 10% bandwidth) but for wider bandwidths it is usually necessary to apply Smith chart techniques at
Smith_chart
Lithography using 13.5 nm UV light
light across a broad range of wavelengths roughly spanning a 2% FWHM bandwidth near 13.5 nm (13.36 – 13.65 nm at 50% power). EUV (10–121 nm) is the band
Extreme ultraviolet lithography
Extreme_ultraviolet_lithography
Logarithmic unit expressing the ratio of physical quantities
of the antenna factor. dBHz dB(Hz) – bandwidth relative to one hertz; e.g., 20 dBHz corresponds to a bandwidth of 100 Hz. Commonly used in link budget
Decibel
Process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform
signals (the equivalent low-pass signal), or frequency or phase values. Adapt pulse shaping or some other filtering to limit the bandwidth and form the
Signal_modulation
American test and measurement devices company
bench models. The first models were the 422, a 16 MHz bandwidth and the 453, a 50 MHz bandwidth model. The following year the 454, a 150 MHz portable
Tektronix
Measurement of a signal at discrete time intervals
32 kHz for transmission-related applications, and 96 kHz for higher bandwidth or relaxed anti-aliasing filtering. Both Lavry Engineering and J. Robert
Sampling_(signal_processing)
Computer display mode based on characters
than individual pixels. Typically, the screen consists of a uniform rectangular grid of character cells, each of which contains one of the characters
Text_mode
Algorithm to smooth data points
polynomial (see frequency characteristics). For data with limited signal bandwidth, this means that Savitzky–Golay filtering can provide better signal-to-noise
Savitzky–Golay_filter
Measurement of the harmonic distortion present in a signal
signal as the denominator). A meaningful measurement must include the bandwidth of measurement. This measurement includes effects from ground-loop power-line
Total_harmonic_distortion
Optical filter
C values are determined from the center frequency and bandwidth of the filter. The equivalent transmission line circuit models for FSS came into being
Frequency_selective_surface
Raster graphics file format
on image bandwidth? Declassifying our extreme image compression!]. 51CTO. "图片流量节省大杀器：基于 CDN 的 sharpP 自适应图片技术实践 - 腾讯云开发者社区-腾讯云" [Image bandwidth-saving weapon:
High Efficiency Image File Format
High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format
Vector field related to displacement current and flux density
applied fields, but for many problems (those concerned with a narrow enough bandwidth) the frequency-dependence of ε can be neglected. At a boundary, ( D 1
Electric_displacement_field
Time taken by a signal to change to a high value
frequency response of the analysed system in the frequency domain. The bandwidth is defined as B W = f H − f L {\displaystyle BW=f_{H}-f_{L}} and since
Rise_time
Antenna constructions for different applications
mediumwave and longwave bands). A competing third criterion is the number and bandwidth of the frequenc(y/ies) that a single antenna intercepts or emits. A fourth
Antenna_types
Shape and size of a digital camera's image sensor
have a rectangular photo sensitive area about 16 mm on the diagonal, so a digital sensor with a 16 mm diagonal size is a 1" video tube equivalent. The name
Image_sensor_format
Filter in electronics and signal processing
This is usually of no consequence for applications where the filter bandwidth is much larger than the signal. In real-time systems, a delay is incurred
Gaussian_filter
Technique used in signal processing and data compression
digital signal processing, telecommunication devices, reducing network bandwidth usage, and spectral methods for the numerical solution of partial differential
Discrete_cosine_transform
Sub-discipline of electrical engineering
frequency-shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK), matched-filter receivers, bandwidth consideration and probability of error calculations for these schemes
Electronics_engineering
Electronic circuit formed on a small, flat piece of semiconductor material
modules/chiplets, three-dimensional integrated circuits, package on package, High Bandwidth Memory and through-silicon vias with die stacking to increase performance
Integrated_circuit
Type of computer memory
13 ns to 10 ns. However, the DDR3 memory does achieve 32 times higher bandwidth; due to internal pipelining and wide data paths, it can output two words
Dynamic_random-access_memory
2020 Android phablets by Samsung Electronics
smartphones include support for 5G connectivity, which allows for higher-bandwidth and lower-latency mobile connections where 5G network coverage is available
Samsung_Galaxy_Note_20
phase and frequency shift keying schemes, matched filter receivers, bandwidth consideration and probability of error calculations for these schemes
Education and training of electrical and electronics engineers
Education_and_training_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineers
from the storage medium to the input of a decoder. The digital equivalent of analog bandwidth. b) The speed at which bits are transmitted, usually expressed
Glossary_of_video_terms
Types of electrical transformer
bobbin, giving a high level of insulation between the windings. The rectangular cores are made up of stampings, often in E-I shape pairs, but other shapes
Transformer_types
Function for integral Fourier-like transform
relative to the true Fourier transform. A given resolution cell's time-bandwidth product may not be exceeded with the STFT. All STFT basis elements maintain
Wavelet
Individual component of an HTML document
segments, each of which can show a different document. This can lower bandwidth use, as repeating parts of a layout can be used in one frame, while variable
HTML_element
Transmission lines with flat ribbon-like conducting or dielectric lines
that it has a very wide bandwidth. Ridge SIW is not very easy to implement in printed circuit boards because the equivalent of the ridge is a row of
Planar_transmission_line
Television transmission technology
different wavelengths of the spectrum of visible light. The eye has limited bandwidth to the rest of the visual system, estimated at just under 8 Mbit/s. This
Color_television
Color model based on red, green and blue
black-and-white TV formats. Also, those color difference signals need lower data bandwidth compared to full RGB signals. Similarly, current high-efficiency digital
RGB_color_model
Passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in its magnetic field
radio transmitters and receivers. The higher the Q is, the narrower the bandwidth of the resonant circuit. The Q factor of an inductor is defined as Q =
Inductor
3D graphic display device
was generated for. One other consideration is the very large amount of bandwidth required to feed imagery to a volumetric display. For example, a standard
Volumetric_display
Commonly used display resolutions
of 2.25 times as many pixels. When using interlacing, the uncompressed bandwidth requirements are similar to those of 720p at the same field rate (a 12
Display_resolution_standards
Monochrome light beam whose amplitude envelope is a Gaussian function
Stephen M. (2011-03-15). "Full characterization of the quantum spiral bandwidth of entangled biphotons". Physical Review A. 83 (3) 033816. arXiv:1011
Gaussian_beam
Series of image file formats
compression technologies that support color. When storage capacity and network bandwidth was a greater issue than commonly seen in today's server environments
TIFF
speed for the devices. Limited functionality, small screens and limited bandwidth allowed for phones to use the slower data speeds available. The rise of
History_of_smartphones
Audio exceeding CD capability
as plucking a string or striking a cymbal. High fidelity Loudness war Rectangular unshaped dither, rather than the industry-standard triangular or shaped
High-resolution_audio
Primary game controller for the Xbox platform
communication, the controller uses a new proprietary protocol with a greater bandwidth than the wireless protocol used by the Xbox 360 controller, reducing latency
Xbox_Wireless_Controller
Number of bits used to represent a color
displayed colors, while minimizing use of then-expensive memory (and bandwidth). For example, in the ZX Spectrum the picture is stored in a two-color
Color_depth
Type of electrolytic capacitor
factor is called the quality factor (Q) which represents a resonator's bandwidth. A "ripple current" is the RMS value of a superimposed AC current of any
Tantalum_capacitor
Measurement device
frame rates of CCDs are fast enough to capture the beam wander over the bandwidth that contains the greatest noise power. A typical beam wander measurement
Laser_beam_profiler
Imaging technique
be obtained using a superluminescent diode (SLD) with a broad spectral bandwidth or a broadly tunable laser with narrow linewidth. The first demonstration
Optical_coherence_tomography
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
removes all data superfluous to the need of the transmitter, decreasing the bandwidth required for transmission. The purpose of channel coding theory is to
Coding_theory
Fixed-value capacitor using ceramic
the effect of electrical resistance, and characterizes a resonator's bandwidth B {\displaystyle B} relative to its center or resonant frequency f 0 {\displaystyle
Ceramic_capacitor
Converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound
theaters to recreate rumbling bass effects, such as explosions. Audiophile Bandwidth extension Digital speaker Directional sound Earphone Echo cancellation
Loudspeaker
Tool for digital signal processing
shape of the filters, the fewer filters that are needed to span the input bandwidth. Eliminating unnecessary filters (i.e. decimation in frequency) is efficiently
Filter_bank
Manufacturing styles of an electronic device
represents the effect of electrical resistance and characterizes a resonator's bandwidth B {\displaystyle B} relative to its center or resonant frequency f 0 {\displaystyle
Capacitor_types
Electro-mechanical data storage device
data when powered off. Modern HDDs are typically in the form of a small rectangular box, possibly in a disk enclosure for portability. Modern disks do not
Hard_disk_drive
American motion picture equipment company
March 1954. Priced at US$1,100 (equivalent to US$13,200 in 2025), it captured the market. The Super Panatar was a rectangular box that attached to the existing
Panavision
philosophy. bandwidth The maximum rate of data transfer across a given path. Bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital
Glossary_of_computer_science
Electronic circuit in which a signal entering any port exits at the next port
shortcomings, especially at low frequencies, are the bulky sizes and the narrow bandwidths. Early work on non-ferrite circulators includes active circulators using
Circulator
Type of laser with two counter-rotating beams
Ne line (a 1:1 mixture of the two isotopes 20 Ne and 22 Ne has a gain bandwidth of about 2.2 GHz). (Note that for example in regular pendulums the Q is
Ring_laser
Set of chipsets by ATI
chipset cache memory of at least 16 KB to reduce latencies and increase bandwidth Supports Dual Gigabit Ethernet, and teaming option Reference board codenamed
AMD_700_chipset_series
Display system intended to replace X11
port for FreeBSD was announced in 2013. The compositor supports High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) and uses GEM to share buffers between
Wayland_(protocol)
Collection of electronic switches arranged in a matrix
of mechanical crossbar switches declined and the term described any rectangular array of switches in general. Modern crossbar switches are usually implemented
Crossbar_switch
EQUIVALENT RECTANGULAR-BANDWIDTH
EQUIVALENT RECTANGULAR-BANDWIDTH
Girl/Female
Hawaiian American Latin Slavic Spanish
Equivalent of English Lara: famous;cheerful.
Boy/Male
Muslim
The Biblical Elijah is the English language equivalent.
Girl/Female
American, British, English
Feminine Equivalent of Count; Titled
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Equivalent to a God
Boy/Male
Muslim
The Biblical Areran is the English language equivalent.
Boy/Male
Muslim
The Biblical Elijah is the English language equivalent.
Boy/Male
Muslim
The Biblical Ezra is the English language equivalent.
Boy/Male
Muslim
The Biblical Jacob is the English language equivalent.
Boy/Male
Muslim
The Biblical Abel is the English language equivalent.
Boy/Male
Muslim
The Biblical Elijah is the English language equivalent.
Boy/Male
Muslim
The Biblical Jethro is the English language equivalent.
Boy/Male
Muslim American Biblical English Hebrew
The Biblical Adam is the English language equivalent.
Boy/Male
Muslim
The Biblical Adam is the English language equivalent.
Boy/Male
Muslim
The Biblical Ezekiel is the English language equivalent.
Girl/Female
English
Titled. Feminine equivalent of Count.
Boy/Male
Scandinavian
Royalty title approximately equivalent to the English Earl.
Girl/Female
Hawaiian
Sound. Also the Hawaiian equivalent of Sandy.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Ezekiel (English language equivalent).
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Equivalent to Ten Heavens; Very Powerful
Boy/Male
Muslim
The Biblical Jacob is the English language equivalent.
EQUIVALENT RECTANGULAR-BANDWIDTH
EQUIVALENT RECTANGULAR-BANDWIDTH
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
British, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Indonesian
Faith in God; Follower of Christ
Boy/Male
Afghan, African, Arabic, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malaysian, Marathi, Muslim, Swahili
Rivulet; Small River
Girl/Female
English
Modern.
Girl/Female
British, English, Hebrew
Interesting
Boy/Male
Tamil
Jyotirmaya | ஜà¯à®¯à¯‹à®¤à®¿à®°à¯à®®à®¯
Imbued with light
Boy/Male
Indian
Limitless
Girl/Female
Italian Latin Shakespearean
Light; illumination.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Christian, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Helpful
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Gaddesby in Leicestershire, recorded in Domesday Book as Gadesbi and so named from the Old Norse personal name Gaddr (or from Old Norse gaddr ‘spur (of land)’) + býr ‘settlement’.
EQUIVALENT RECTANGULAR-BANDWIDTH
EQUIVALENT RECTANGULAR-BANDWIDTH
EQUIVALENT RECTANGULAR-BANDWIDTH
EQUIVALENT RECTANGULAR-BANDWIDTH
EQUIVALENT RECTANGULAR-BANDWIDTH
n.
Same as Equivalence.
v. t.
To be equivalent or equal to; to counterbalance.
n.
A rectangular figure.
n.
A combining unit, whether an atom, a radical, or a molecule; as, in acid salt two or more equivalents of acid unite with one or more equivalents of base.
a.
Nearly or approximately pentangular; almost pentangular.
n.
Equal power or force; equivalent amount.
v. t.
To make the equivalent to; to equal; equivalence.
n.
The degree of combining power as determined by relative weight. See Equivalent, n., 2.
a.
Right-angled; having one or more angles of ninety degrees.
a.
Contemporaneous in origin; as, the equivalent strata of different countries.
a.
Containing or having two right angles; as, a birectangular spherical triangle.
a.
Having greater length than breadth, esp. when rectangular.
a.
Heptagonal.
n.
That comparative quantity by weight of an element which possesses the same chemical value as other elements, as determined by actual experiment and reference to the same standard. Specifically: (a) The comparative proportions by which one element replaces another in any particular compound; thus, as zinc replaces hydrogen in hydrochloric acid, their equivalents are 32.5 and 1. (b) The combining proportion by weight of a substance, or the number expressing this proportion, in any particular compound; as, the equivalents of hydrogen and oxygen in water are respectively 1 and 8, and in hydric dioxide 1 and 16.
a.
Equal in measure but not admitting of superposition; -- applied to magnitudes; as, a square may be equivalent to a triangle.
a.
Rectangular.
a.
Rectangular.
a.
Equal in wortir or value, force, power, effect, import, and the like; alike in significance and value; of the same import or meaning.
n.
Something equivalent; that which is equal in value, worth, weight, or force; as, to offer an equivalent for damage done.
n.
The condition of being equivalent or equal; equality of worth, value, signification, or force; as, an equivalence of definitions.