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Application of computing technology in music
Computer music is the application of computing technology in music composition, to help human composers create new music or to have computers independently
Computer_music
Columbia University electronic music research facility established in 1959
The Computer Music Center (CMC) at Columbia University is the oldest center for electronic and computer music research in the United States. Electronic
Computer_Music_Center
Experimental music concept
Radical Computer Music is a concept developed by the Danish experimental composer Goodiepal referring to, fundamentally, music notated not by computer networks
Radical_Computer_Music
Programmable machine that processes data
electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs, which enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. The term computer system
Computer
Music genre that uses electronic instruments
as personal computers) in its creation. It includes both music made using electronic and electromechanical means (electroacoustic music). Pure electronic
Electronic_music
Audio programming language
MUSIC-N refers to a family of computer music programs and programming languages descended from or influenced by MUSIC, a program written by Max Mathews
MUSIC-N
British electronic music magazine
Computer Music was a monthly magazine published by Future plc in the UK. It covered the topic of creating digital music on a computer. In the past, each
Computer_Music_(magazine)
Device or software that records, edits or plays back musical notes
context of computer music, including computer-played music (software sequencer), computer-composed music (music synthesis), and computer sound generation
Music_sequencer
Device that records and plays back samples
1975. The first commercially available sampling synthesizer was the Computer Music Melodian by Harry Mendell (1976), while the first polyphonic digital
Sampler_(musical_instrument)
Form of art using sound
or electronically, such as via a music box, barrel organ, or digital audio workstation software on a computer. Music often plays a key role in social
Music
Art music genre, originated in 1950s
in New York City, where tape music, electronic music, and computer music were all explored. Practical electronic music instruments began to appear in
Electroacoustic_music
American peer-reviewed academic journal
Computer Music Journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers a wide range of topics related to digital audio signal processing and electroacoustic
Computer_Music_Journal
Music accompanying video games
method of having music in a video game was to use digital means, where a specific computer chip would change electrical impulses from computer code into analog
Video_game_music
Electronic reproduction of musical sounds
Programming is a form of music production and performance using electronic devices and computer software, such as sequencers and workstations or hardware
Programming_(music)
Yearly international conference for computer music researchers and composers
The International Computer Music Conference (ICMC) is a yearly international conference for computer music researchers and composers. It is the annual
International Computer Music Conference
International_Computer_Music_Conference
Broad group of electronic-based music genres
smaller studios, even in project studios. At the same time, computers facilitated the use of music samples and loops as construction kits for sonic compositions
Electronica
Software used for creating sheet music
music, specialist notations (from early music to avant-garde), and high-quality music engraving. Music can usually be input using the mouse, computer
Scorewriter
Australian music producer and DJ (born 1999)
debut album, I Love My Computer, received critical acclaim and propelled her to international recognition. At the 2025 ARIA Music Awards, she garnered eight
Ninajirachi
Type of software for creating music
OpenMPT (PC, 1997) were presented in Computer Music Magazine as professional and inexpensive alternative to other music production software. Modern trackers
Music_tracker
Usage of artificial intelligence to generate music
As time passed, computers became more powerful, which allowed machine learning and artificial neural networks to help in the music industry by giving
Artificial intelligence in music
Artificial_intelligence_in_music
Process of drawing music notation at high quality for reproduction
drawing music notation, particularly on a computer ("computer engraving" or "computer setting") or by hand ("hand engraving"). Mechanical music engraving
Music_engraving
PCM sound module and sound card series
for computer music usage, created by Japanese manufacturer Roland Corporation. Some models include a serial or USB connection to a personal computer. The
Roland_Sound_Canvas
English musician and YouTuber
3 February 1989), known by the stage names Sam Battle and Look Mum No Computer, is an English musician, YouTuber, electronics enthusiast, and composer
Look_Mum_No_Computer
Digital music technology encompasses the use of digital instruments to produce, perform or record music. These instruments vary, including computers, electronic
Music technology (electronic and digital)
Music_technology_(electronic_and_digital)
Sound synthesis method involving samples shorter than 0.1 seconds
Processor". Computer Music Journal. 12 (2): 14–26. doi:10.2307/3679938. JSTOR 3679938. Horacio Vaggione, "Articulating Microtime", Computer Music Journal
Granular_synthesis
Repeating section of sound material in electroacoustic music
machines, tape machines, and delay units, and they can be programmed using computer music software. The feature to loop a section of an audio track or video footage
Loop_(music)
American composer (born 1944)
composition and electronic music. Sounds originating from "real-world" sources are the predominant focus of Lansky's computer music: traffic, kids in the kitchen
Paul_Lansky
Style of synthesized electronic music
in vintage arcade machines, computers and video game consoles. The term is commonly used to refer to tracker format music using extremely basic and small
Chiptune
List of Linux audio software List of scorewriters Music technology "Short History of Computer Music". UCSC.edu. Retrieved 11 June 2015. Twells, John.
List_of_music_software
Music genre
Electroacoustic Music". In ICMC 2005: Free Sound Conference Proceedings. Barcelona: International Computer Music Conference; International Computer Music Association;
Noise_music
American computer music pioneer (1926–2011)
Mathews (November 13, 1926 – April 21, 2011) was an American pioneer of computer music. Max Vernon Mathews was born on November 13, 1926, in Columbus, Nebraska
Max_Mathews
Instrument that uses electronic circuits to make sound
context of computer music, including computer-played music (software sequencer), computer-composed music (music synthesis), and computer sound generation
Electronic_musical_instrument
Music that is ever-different and changing, and that is created by a system
simultaneous CD playback, through to live rule-based computer composition. Koan was SSEYO's first real-time music generation system, developed for the Windows
Generative_music
1997 studio album by Radiohead
OK Computer is the third studio album by the English rock band Radiohead, released on 21 May 1997. With their producer, Nigel Godrich, Radiohead recorded
OK_Computer
2025 studio album by Ninajirachi
I Love My Computer is the debut studio album by Australian electronic music producer and DJ Ninajirachi. It was released on 8 August 2025 under NLV Records
I_Love_My_Computer
Electronic music genre
as compositional material rather than problems to be corrected. In Computer Music Journal, composer and writer Kim Cascone classified glitch as a subgenre
Glitch_(music)
Programming language for generating computerized music
Music Macro Language (MML) is a music description language used in sequencing music on computer and video game systems. The term Music Macro Language (MML)
Music_Macro_Language
American computer programmer
1934 - July 26, 2021), was an early computer music pioneer, computer engineer and member of the Homebrew Computer Club. In 1961, Stuart programmed Iowa
LaFarr_Stuart
1981 studio album by Kraftwerk
concept, Kraftwerk showcased their music on an ambitious world tour. As was the case with the two previous albums, Computer World was released in both German-
Computer_World
as electronic rock, electronic jazz, disco, computer music, synthpop, psychedelic rock and ambient music followed, with large free festivals showcasing
List of electronic music festivals
List_of_electronic_music_festivals
International association of individuals involved in integrating music and technology
The International Computer Music Association (ICMA) is an international affiliation of individuals and institutions involved in the technical, creative
International Computer Music Association
International_Computer_Music_Association
1957 music composition
(Arthur)", Grove Music Online (reviewed December 3, 2010; accessed December 14, 2014). Denis Baggi, "The Role of Computer Technology in Music and Musicology
Illiac_Suite
New Zealand computer scientist
Clinton Bell CNZM is a New Zealand computer scientist, with interests in computer science education, computer music and text compression. Bell was educated
Tim_Bell_(computer_scientist)
Post-1945 period in classical music
paradigm of computer technology had taken place, making electronic music systems affordable and widely accessible. The personal computer had become an
Contemporary_classical_music
Australia's first digital computer
computer (the Zuse Z4 at the Deutsches Museum is older, but was electro-mechanical, not electronic). It was the first computer to play digital music.
CSIRAC
American composer and scientist (1941–2025)
Algorithmic Computer Music (WACM) that was open to the public as well as a general education course entitled Artificial Intelligence and Music for enrolled
David_Cope
Electronic musical instrument
signal Envelope detector Low-frequency oscillation MIDI Music genres Computer music Electronic music Notable works List of compositions for electronic keyboard
Synthesizer
Programming languages optimized for sound production
graphical environment for MIDI music composition Kyma (sound design language) LilyPond, a computer program and file format for music engraving. Max/MSP, a proprietary
List of audio programming languages
List_of_audio_programming_languages
Visual programming language
provided composers with a graphical interface for creating interactive computer music scores on the Macintosh. At this point in its development Max couldn't
Max_(software)
The Brooklyn College Center for Computer Music (BC-CCM) located at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York (CUNY), is a community of artists
Brooklyn College Center for Computer Music
Brooklyn_College_Center_for_Computer_Music
production Children's music Computer music Hyperpop Internet meme Drug use in music Incidental music or music for stage and screen: music written for the score
List of music genres and styles
List_of_music_genres_and_styles
Digital audio synthesis technique
(2013-12-26). "'MUSIC N', Max Vernon Mathews, USA, 1957". 120 Years of Electronic Music. Retrieved 2022-05-26. A sampling of techniques for computer performance
Wavetable_synthesis
Technique of using algorithms to create music
divided into 1) music composed by a computer and 2) music composed with the aid of a computer. Music may be considered composed by a computer when the algorithm
Algorithmic_composition
and music synthesizer cards). Originally the music synthesizer was ALF's Apple Music Synthesizer, and later the two-board Mountain Computer Music System
Apple_II_sound_cards
Visual programming language
developed by Miller Puckette in the 1990s for creating interactive computer music and multimedia works. While Puckette is the main author of the program
Pure_Data
Musical parameter affecting sounding of a note
new articulations as a piece requires. When writing electronic and computer music, composers can design articulations from the ground up. In addition
Articulation_(music)
Roland MT-32 Multi-Timbre Sound Module
multitimbral MT-32 series constitutes the budget prosumer line for computer music at home, the multitimbral D-5, D-10, D-20 and D-110 models constitute
Roland_MT-32
First commercial electronic computer
The Ferranti Mark 1, also known as the Manchester Electronic Computer in its sales literature, and thus sometimes called the Manchester Ferranti, was produced
Ferranti_Mark_1
French composer
was a French composer, best known for his pioneering contributions to computer music. He was a former student of André Jolivet and former co-worker of Max
Jean-Claude_Risset
American music software company
the field of computer music, introducing the pre-MIDI SoundChaser in 1982. This Apple II-based system included the Mountain Computer Music System, a programmable
Passport_Designs
Brazilian music composer and scientist (born 1963)
Miranda is a Brazilian computer scientist and composer, known for his research into music with artificial intelligence, brain–computer interfaces, and unconventional
Eduardo_Reck_Miranda
American electrical engineer, scientist, and author
extensive work concerning radio communication, microwave technology, computer music, psychoacoustics, and science fiction. Additionally to his professional
John_R._Pierce
Integration of programming as part of running program
systems, improvised dance and poetry, though is particularly prevalent in computer music usually as improvisation, although it could be combined with algorithmic
Live_coding
Form of sound synthesis
for the Music Easel. Buchla and Associates. Holmes, Thom (2008). "Early Computer Music". Electronic and experimental music: technology, music, and culture
Frequency modulation synthesis
Frequency_modulation_synthesis
sound synthesizer, and computer. Genre, however, is not always dependent on instrumentation. In its early development, electronic music was associated almost
List of electronic music genres
List_of_electronic_music_genres
Method of physical modelling synthesis
the International Computer Music Conference in Venice, Italy,[citation needed] and published in more detail in 1983 in Computer Music Journal in an article
Karplus–Strong string synthesis
Karplus–Strong_string_synthesis
Musical composition software
Spiegel. List of music software Commodore Magazine, Sept. 1987 Simoni, Mary (1998). "Profiles of Determination", p.20. Computer Music Journal 22 (4): 19-28
Music_Mouse
Digital audio workstation
The Fairlight CMI (short for Computer Musical Instrument) is a digital synthesizer, music sampler, and digital audio workstation (DAW) introduced in 1979
Fairlight_CMI
Method of sound synthesis
Music and Sound Design. MIT Press. p. 10. ISBN 9780262033787. de Poli, Giovanni. “A Tutorial on Digital Sound Synthesis Techniques.” Computer Music Journal
Subtractive_synthesis
2021. The "Computer MusicMonitor" system was sold from 2007 and consisted of two satellite speakers and a remote control. The Computer MusicMonitor system
List of Bose home audio products
List_of_Bose_home_audio_products
Musical scale invented by Wendy Carlos
in the Beast features music written in these tuning systems. In 1987, Carlos wrote about her tuning experiments in Computer Music Journal (CMJ). The issue
Wendy_Carlos_scales
Generation of animated imagery based on a piece of music
Music visualization or music visualisation is animated computer-generated imagery based on a piece of music. The imagery is usually generated and rendered
Music_visualization
Way in which tempo, melody, and harmony are combined in a musical composition
Proceedings of the ICMC2005 – International Computer Music Conference,[page needed]. Barcelona: International Computer Music Conference. White, John David. 1995
Texture_(music)
2000 song by Radiohead
experimenting with modular synthesisers. It contains samples of two 1970s computer music compositions. "Idioteque" was named one of the best songs of the decade
Idioteque
Study of understanding of audio by machine
and music signals by the computer. Technically this requires a combination of methods from the fields of signal processing, auditory modelling, music perception
Computer_audition
Music genre
tape music, musique concrète, and elektronische Musik. In America, a quite distinct sense of the term was used in the late 1950s to describe computer-controlled
Experimental_music
Composed music that intentionally exploits sound localization
Wayback Machine.” Computer Music Journal 9, no. 2 (Summer): 41–48. Luening, Otto. 1968. "An Unfinished History of Electronic Music". Music Educators Journal
Spatial_music
Two-dimensional cellular automaton
(2004). "Cellular Automata in MIDI based Computer Music". Proceedings of the 2004 International Computer Music Conference. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.6.3882. hdl:10453/1425
Conway's_Game_of_Life
Music genre
and computers. Initially the practice developed in reaction to sound-based composition for fixed media such as musique concrète, electronic music and
Live_electronic_music
Multidisciplinary endeavour
"Experiments in Music Intelligence." In Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference, San Francisco: Computer Music Assn. "miller-mccune
Computational_creativity
English musician (born 1960)
10 November 2002 Vince Clarke interview, Computer Music magazine 136, March 2009, p. 84. "Vince Clarke Music • Biography". Vinceclarkemusic.com. Archived
Vince_Clarke
Musical artist
Robert B. Henke (born 1969) is a German computer music artist working in the fields of audiovisual installation, music and performance. He was born in Munich
Robert_Henke
Synthesizer
have to compete with a computer'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved July 25, 2025. Curtis Roads (1996). The computer music tutorial. MIT Press. p
Yamaha_DX7
Sound synthesis technique
Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC-87, Tokyo), Computer Music Association, 1987. CCRMA, Department of Music, Stanford University. Retrieved
Additive_synthesis
Music influenced by Internet culture
musical genre. In 2013, A. G. Cook started the label PC Music, with the aim to "make music on the computer that had personality". Like vaporwave, the label re-interpreted
Internet_music
Japanese electronic music band
field of popular electronic music. They were pioneers in their use of synthesizers, samplers, sequencers, drum machines, computers, and digital recording technology
Yellow_Magic_Orchestra
Austrian composer
for computer music and music theory. He lives and works in Vienna and created various compositions in the fields of new music, among those: music theatre
Johannes_Kretz
First computer made by Digital Equipment Corp
first computer in Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP series and was first produced in 1959. It is known for being the most important computer in the
PDP-1
American electroacoustic composer and musician
electronic music and multi-media performance and an innovator in works involving instruments and other media, including interactive computer music systems
Morton_Subotnick
States) Computer Music (United Kingdom) PC Today (United States) First Glimpse (United States) The following magazines cover 1980s home computers such as
List_of_computer_magazines
Form of electroacoustic music
Diffusion in Composition and Performance: An Interview with Denis Smalley". Computer Music Journal. 24 (2): 10–21. doi:10.1162/014892600559272. S2CID 7805124.
Acousmatic_music
American computer programmer
it was the primary engine for the computer music group at Stanford University Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA). Samson oversaw
Peter_Samson
Methods used to generate sound waveforms using a computer
"Digital synthesis of plucked string and drum timbres". Computer Music Journal. 7 (2). Computer Music Journal, Vol. 7, No. 2: 43–55. doi:10.2307/3680062.
Physical_modelling_synthesis
Synthesizer that uses digital signal processing to make sounds
made with computers, as part of academic research into sound generation. In 1957, the first programming language for computer music, MUSIC, was developed
Digital_synthesizer
contains the complete FORTRAN program code for one of Xenakis's early computer music composition programs GENDY. It has been described as a groundbreaking
Formalized_Music
Interdisciplinary research area between musicology and computer science
mathematical music theory, computer music, systematic musicology, music information retrieval, digital musicology, sound and music computing, and music informatics
Computational_musicology
American computer scientist and musician (born 1959)
1959) is an American computer scientist and musician. Puckette is best known for authoring Max, a visual programming language for music and multimedia, which
Miller_Puckette
Connection standard for electronic musical instruments
of electronic musical instruments, computers, and related audio devices for playing, editing, and recording music. A single MIDI cable can carry up to
MIDI
New Music Monthly Coda Colorado Music Buzz Comes with a Smile Cometbus Complete Music Update (formerly College Music Update) Complex Computer Music Consequence
List_of_music_magazines
Form of electroacoustic music
ElectroAcoustic Sound Theatre Canadian Electroacoustic Community Computer music Concrete poetry Noise music Sound art Sound collage Sound design Sound engineering
Musique_concrète
COMPUTER MUSIC
COMPUTER MUSIC
Boy/Male
Latin
He who loves God. Famous Bearer: late composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
To Compete with Pride
Boy/Male
Muslim
Compiler of Hadith
Boy/Male
Tamil
The th not of classical music
Girl/Female
Muslim
To compete with pride
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, German, and Dutch
English, Scottish, German, and Dutch : from Middle English, Middle High German, Middle Dutch horn ‘horn’, applied in a variety of senses: as a metonymic occupational name for someone who made small articles, such as combs, spoons, and window lights, out of horn; as a metonymic occupational name for someone who played a musical instrument made from the horn of an animal; as a topographic name for someone who lived by a horn-shaped spur of a hill or tongue of land in a bend of a river, or a habitational name from any of the places named with this element (for example, in England, Horne in Surrey on a spur of a hill and Horn in Rutland in a bend of a river); as a nickname, perhaps referring to some feature of a person’s physical appearance, or denoting a cuckolded husband.Norwegian : habitational name from any of several farmsteads so named, from Old Norse horn ‘horn’, ‘spur of land’.Swedish : ornamental or topographic name from horn ‘horn’, ‘spur of land’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : presumably from German Horn ‘horn’, adopted as a surname for reasons that are not clear. It may be purely ornamental, or it may refer to the ram’s horn (Hebrew shofar) blown in the Synagogue during various ceremonies.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Compiler of Hadith
Boy/Male
Hindu
Computer
Boy/Male
Irish
From an Irish name meaning “â€one who aids or assists.â€â€ It is usually translated as Terence and Terry, two names that have become strongly associated with Ireland. Turlough O’Carolan was a 17th century blind harpist and composer who wrote one of the most haunting pieces of Irish music, “â€O’Carolan’s Concerto.â€â€
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Compiler of the Vedas
Boy/Male
Tamil
Computer
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Abu Isa Muhammad Al-tirmidhi; Compiler of the One Collection of Prophet Muhammad
Boy/Male
Latin
He who loves God. Famous Bearer: late composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Boy/Male
Irish
From an Irish name meaning “â€one who aids or assists.â€â€ It is usually translated as Terence and Terry, two names that have become strongly associated with Ireland. Turlough O’Carolan was a 17th century blind harpist and composer who wrote one of the most haunting pieces of Irish music, “â€O’Carolan’s Concerto.â€â€
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, German, and Dutch
English, Scottish, German, and Dutch : from Horn 1 with the agent suffix -er; an occupational name for someone who made or sold small articles made of horn, a metonymic occupational name for someone who played a musical instrument made from the horn of an animal, or a topographic name for someone who lived at a ‘horn’ of land.habitational name from Horner in Diptford, Devon, which is named from Old English horn ‘horn of land’ + ora ‘hill spur’, ‘ridge’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Horn 4.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Unattained; Cannot be Competed with
Male
German
Middle High German byname HEIDEN means "heathen." The composer Josef Haydn's surname was a respelling of this name.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for the taller of two men with the same name, from Old English leng(ra) ‘longer’, ‘taller’, comparative of lang (see Lang).German : variant of Lang.Chinese : from an ancient official title, Lingguan, denoting a court official in charge of music. The character for Ling is written similarly to that for Leng (), and the surname evolved to the latter form.Cambodian : unexplained.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Musical instrument
Boy/Male
Irish
From an Irish name meaning “â€one who aids or assists.â€â€ It is usually translated as Terence and Terry, two names that have become strongly associated with Ireland. Turlough O’Carolan was a 17th century blind harpist and composer who wrote one of the most haunting pieces of Irish music, “â€O’Carolan’s Concerto.â€â€
COMPUTER MUSIC
COMPUTER MUSIC
COMPUTER MUSIC
COMPUTER MUSIC
COMPUTER MUSIC
COMPUTER MUSIC
COMPUTER MUSIC
imp. & p. p.
of Compete
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Commute
imp. & p. p.
of Compute
n.
A preparation of fruit in sirup in such a manner as to preserve its form, either whole, halved, or quartered; as, a compote of pears.
v. i.
To calculate; to compute.
v. t.
To exchange; to put or substitute something else in place of, as a smaller penalty, obligation, or payment, for a greater, or a single thing for an aggregate; hence, to lessen; to diminish; as, to commute a sentence of death to one of imprisonment for life; to commute tithes; to commute charges for fares.
v. t.
To compute; to count.
n.
A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology.
v. i.
To contend emulously; to seek or strive for the same thing, position, or reward for which another is striving; to contend in rivalry, as for a prize or in business; as, tradesmen compete with one another.
n.
Compiler.
n.
A computer.
v. t.
To compute or rate too high.
n.
One who composes or writes a book; a composer, as distinguished from an editor, translator, or compiler.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Compute
v. t.
To compute erroneously.
n.
One who commutes; especially, one who commutes in traveling.
v. i.
To pay, or arrange to pay, in gross instead of part by part; as, to commute for a year's travel over a route.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Compete
imp. & p. p.
of Commute
n.
One who computes.