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Material property in which absorbing EM radiation increases electrical conductivity
reduction in photoconductivity is observable (see Staebler–Wronski effect). Other materials that were reported to exhibit negative photoconductivity include
Photoconductivity
metastable reduction in photoconductivity is observable. Other materials that were reported to exhibit negative photoconductivity include molybdenum disulfide
Photoconductive_polymer
Light dependent resistor
illuminance (light) on its sensitive surface, in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. A photoresistor can be used in light-sensitive detector circuits
Photoresistor
Type of atomic force microscopy
Photoconductive atomic force microscopy (PC-AFM) is a variant of atomic force microscopy that measures photoconductivity in addition to surface forces
Photoconductive atomic force microscopy
Photoconductive_atomic_force_microscopy
Converts light into current
causes only a small forward current compared to the photocurrent. In photoconductive mode the diode is reverse biased, that is, with the cathode driven
Photodiode
Dry photocopying technique
Xerography (from the Greek roots ξηρός xeros, meaning "dry" and -γραφία -graphia, meaning "writing") is a technique of printing and photocopying. Originally
Xerography
Branch of electronics involving optics
optoisolators integrated optical circuit (IOC) elements Photoconductivity, used in: photoresistors photoconductive camera tubes charge-coupled imaging devices Stimulated
Optoelectronics
Electric current through a photosensitive device
characterization technique called photocurrent spectroscopy (PCS), also known as photoconductivity spectroscopy, is widely used for studying optoelectronic properties
Photocurrent
Photoconductance decay or Photoconductivity decay (PCD or PC), is a non-destructive analytical technique used to measure the lifetime of minority charge
Photoconductance_decay
Form of electromagnetic radiation
{\displaystyle E=J(T,n)} . 1873: Willoughby Smith discovered the photoconductivity of selenium. 1878: Samuel Pierpont Langley invents the first bolometer
Infrared
Christopher R. Wronski in 1977. They showed that the dark current and photoconductivity of hydrogenated amorphous silicon can be reduced significantly by
Staebler–Wronski_effect
Chemical element with atomic number 34 (Se)
insulators, gray selenium is a semiconductor showing appreciable photoconductivity. Unlike the other allotropes, it is insoluble in CS2. It resists oxidation
Selenium
Chemical compound
by I.G. Farben in the USA in 1937. PVK was the first polymer whose photoconductivity was known. Starting in the 1960s, further polymers of this kind were
Polyvinylcarbazole
British materials scientist
Retrieved 7 June 2025. Leighton, Christopher (1998). Persistent photoconductivity and the metal-insulator transition in Cd(_1-x)Mn(_x)Te:In (PDF) (PhD
Chris_Leighton
Medium for transmitting moving images and sound
working laboratory version in 1851. Willoughby Smith discovered the photoconductivity of the element selenium in 1873. As a 23-year-old German university
Television
Technique of measuring electromagnetic spectra
measurements are typically not single-shot measurements. Photoconductive detection is similar to photoconductive generation. Here, the voltage bias across the antenna
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Terahertz_time-domain_spectroscopy
English electrical engineer
July 1891) was an English electrical engineer who discovered the photoconductivity of the element selenium. This discovery led to the invention of photoelectric
Willoughby_Smith
An Auston switch (also known as a photoconductive switch) is an optically gated antenna that is commonly used in the generation and detection of pulsed
Auston_switch
Seaside town in Norfolk, England
Willoughby Smith (1828–1891) electrical engineer, discovered the photoconductivity of the element selenium Colonel Sir Robert William Edis (1839–1927)
Great_Yarmouth
of TV camera tubes. Rose was an expert on photoconductivity. He wrote a book Concepts in photoconductivity and allied problems, which was published by
Albert_Rose_(physicist)
Emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation hits a material
electronic properties of materials. In 1873, Willoughby Smith discovered photoconductivity in selenium while testing the metal for its high resistance properties
Photoelectric_effect
Chemical element with atomic number 48 (Cd)
color television cathode ray tubes. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is used as a photoconductive surface coating for photocopier drums. Various cadmium salts are used
Cadmium
Sensors of light or other electromagnetic energy
Singh, Preetam; Husale, Sudhir; Singh, V. N. (2022-08-15). "Enhanced photoconductivity performance of microrod-based Sb2Se3 device". Solar Energy Materials
Photodetector
Changes in optical properties from applied electric fields
light intensity) to category b). Combined with the photoeffect and photoconductivity, the electro-optic effect gives rise to the photorefractive effect
Electro–optic_effect
Military warning system
or thermal-electric cooled. Sometimes avalanche photodiodes (APD), photoconductivity, photoelectromagnetic, or photodiffusion devices are used even without
Laser_warning_receiver
Electronic moving image
systems. Live video cameras used an electron beam, which would scan a photoconductive plate with the desired image and produce a voltage signal proportional
Video
Device for reproducing documents
and tedious process. This motivated him to conduct experiments with photoconductivity. Carlson used his kitchen for his "electrophotography" experiments
Photocopier
Research and scientific development company
consequently won a Nobel Prize in 1998 for the discovery. In 1984, the first photoconductive antennas for picosecond electromagnetic radiation were demonstrated
Bell_Labs
Field of mathematics and science based on non-linear systems and initial conditions
Martínez-Gutiérrez, H; Torres-Torres, C (23 February 2018). "Chaotic signatures of photoconductive Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 nanostructures explored by Lorenz attractors". New Journal
Chaos_theory
Opposition to the passage of an electric current
Some resistors, particularly those made from semiconductors, exhibit photoconductivity, meaning that their resistance changes when light is shining on them
Electrical resistance and conductance
Electrical_resistance_and_conductance
Non-crystalline silicon
which leads to undesirable semiconductor properties such as poor photoconductivity and prevents doping which is critical to engineering semiconductor
Amorphous_silicon
Chemical compound
defects in the material. SrTiO3 has been shown to possess persistent photoconductivity where exposing the crystal to light will increase its electrical conductivity
Strontium_titanate
Chemical element with atomic number 52 (Te)
alignment; the conductivity increases slightly when exposed to light (photoconductivity). When molten, tellurium is corrosive to copper, iron, and stainless
Tellurium
Chemical compound
large negative in-plane magnetoresistance, and giant persistent photoconductivity. The study of how these properties emerge at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
Lanthanum_aluminate
Method for determining the band gap of a material
in non-crystalline systems V. Conductivity, optical absorption and photoconductivity in amorphous semiconductors". Philosophical Magazine A. 22 (179):
Tauc_plot
Class of chemical compounds
polonides, rather than oxides. Many metal ores exist as chalcogenides. Photoconductive chalcogenide glasses are used in xerography. Some pigments and catalysts
Chalcogenide
Electronic device
the absorption efficiency and g p h {\displaystyle g_{ph}} is the photoconductive gain. η {\displaystyle \eta } and g p h {\displaystyle g_{ph}} are
Quantum well infrared photodetector
Quantum_well_infrared_photodetector
How the term nonmetal is used in many disciplines
conductivity when illuminated with light or ultraviolet radiation, called photoconductivity. This is similar to the effect of temperature, but with the photons
Nonmetallic_material
Hexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
Near zero carrier density, graphene exhibits positive photoconductivity and negative photoconductivity at high carrier density, governed by the interplay
Graphene
Light-sensitive gas-filled or vacuum tube
called a 'photoemissive cell' to distinguish it from photovoltaic or photoconductive cells. Phototubes were previously more widely used but are now replaced
Phototube
Quantity in solid-state physics
Femtosecond laser pulses excite the semiconductor and the resulting photoconductivity is measured using a terahertz probe, which detects changes in the
Electron_mobility
Hydrocarbon compound (C22H14) made of 5 fused benzene rings
R. (2009). "Pentacene-based dendrimers: synthesis and thin film photoconductivity measurements of branched pentacene oligomers". Journal of Organic
Pentacene
Photodetector sensitive to infrared radiation
QCDs are also referred to as the photovoltaic counterpart of the photoconductive quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs). Since the vibrational
Quantum_cascade_detector
Name list
Smith (1828–1891), English electrical engineer who discovered the photoconductivity of selenium Willoughby Williams (died 1802), American politician,
Willoughby_(given_name)
Guthrie discovers thermionic emission. 1873: Willoughby Smith discovers photoconductivity. 1875: William Crookes invented the Crookes tube and studied cathode
Timeline of scientific discoveries
Timeline_of_scientific_discoveries
Category of chemical elements
Chemistry, vol. 3, Longman's Green, and Co., London Moss, TS 1952, Photoconductivity in the Elements, Butterworths Scientific, London Myers RT 1979, "Physical
Nonmetal
Image sensor, consisting of an integrated circuit
sensor with scanning circuits using thin-film transistors (TFTs), with photoconductive film used for the photodetector. A low-resolution "mostly digital"
Active-pixel_sensor
Electronic component
electroencephalography. The fastest opto-isolators use PIN diodes in photoconductive mode. An opto-isolator contains a source (emitter) of light, almost
Opto-isolator
Change in refractive index of a material in response to an applied electric field
Martínez-Gutiérrez, H; Torres-Torres, C (23 February 2018). "Chaotic signatures of photoconductive Cu 2ZnSnS 4 nanostructures explored by Lorenz attractors". New Journal
Kerr_effect
Willoughby Smith, an English electrical engineer, discovered the photoconductivity of the element selenium in 1873. This led, among other technologies
History_of_television
and tedious process. This prompted him to conduct experiments with photoconductivity. Carlson experimented with "electrophotography" in his kitchen and
History_of_printing
Chemical compound
Lynch; A.J. Bard (1997). "Orientational Dependence of the Color and Photoconductivity of 1,4-Di-p-toluidinoanthraquinone Single Crystals". Chem. Mater.
Quinizarine_Green_SS
Library building in Manhattan, New York
while Chester Carlson invented Xerox photocopiers after researching photoconductivity and electrostatics at the library. During World War II, American soldiers
New York Public Library Main Branch
New_York_Public_Library_Main_Branch
Chemical element with metallic and nonmetallic properties
vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 227–42, doi:10.1007/BF00617267 Moss TS 1952, Photoconductivity in the Elements, London, Butterworths Muncke J 2013, 'Antimony Migration
Metalloid
large negative in-plane magnetoresistance, and giant persistent photoconductivity. The study of how these properties emerge at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
Lanthanum aluminate-strontium titanate interface
Lanthanum_aluminate-strontium_titanate_interface
Type of microscopy
microscopy Electrochemical AFM Frictional force mapping Nano-FTIR Photoconductive atomic force microscopy Scanning voltage microscopy Surface force apparatus
Atomic_force_microscopy
Amplifier that converts current to voltage
inverting TIA can also be used with the photodiode operating in the photoconductive mode, as shown in Figure 2. A positive voltage at the cathode of the
Transimpedance_amplifier
Schmitt Heinz (1995). "Anomalous photovoltaic effect and negative photoconductivity in thin, amorphous GaAs-Si films". Journal of Applied Physics. 77
Anomalous_photovoltaic_effect
American experimental physicist
and produce photoconductivity. Apker found that in addition to visible radiation, near-ultraviolet radiation also produces photoconductivity. Deeper into
LeRoy_Apker
Allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure
S2CID 21960183. Freitag M, Martin Y, Misewich JA, Martel R, Avouris P (2003). "Photoconductivity of Single Carbon Nanotubes". Nano Letters. 3 (8): 1067–1071. Bibcode:2003NanoL
Carbon_nanotube
American physicist (1917–2017)
and mechanical anharmonicity. His fundamental studies of infrared photoconductivity due to the photoionization of impurities in silicon and germanium
Elias_Burstein
Tolpygo, K.B. (1953). "Photovoltaic effect in a semiconductor with photoconductivity of one sign". Zhurnal Eksperimentalnoi I Teoreticheskoi Fiziki (Sov
Kirill_Tolpygo
Chemical element with atomic number 70 (Yb)
Kouznetsov D, Ueda K, et al. (2007). "Switching of Emissivity and Photoconductivity in Highly Doped Yb3+:Y2O3 and Lu2O3 Ceramics". Applied Physics Letters
Ytterbium
Part of the history of energy and technology
exposed to light. 1873 - Willoughby Smith finds that selenium shows photoconductivity. 1874 - James Clerk Maxwell writes to fellow mathematician Peter Tait
Timeline_of_solar_cells
American novelist
and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), as well as the development of photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) used for pulsed power applications, generation
Robert_A._Metzger
combined together, produce the photorefractive effect. These are photoconductivity, first observed in selenium by Willoughby Smith in 1873, and the Pockels
Organic photorefractive materials
Organic_photorefractive_materials
investigated bipolar diffusion of photo-carriers in cuprous oxide, photoconductivity of CdS and CdSe, and also on Ge diodes and transistors. In 1960, Lashkaryov
Vadim_Lashkaryov
Phenomenon in solid-state physics of semiconductors
materials. This higher conductivity in the presence of light is known as photoconductivity. This conversion of light into electricity is widely used in photodiodes
Carrier generation and recombination
Carrier_generation_and_recombination
Phenomena involving electrical occurrences
electromagnetic fields, even to avoid the discharge from a Tesla coil. Photoconductivity — The phenomenon in which a material becomes more conductive due to
List_of_electrical_phenomena
structure of Zn3P2, ZnP2 and CdP2 crystals on wavelength modulated photoconductivity and photoresponnse spectra of Schottky diodes investigation". Proceedings
List of semiconductor materials
List_of_semiconductor_materials
1966, pp. 1 -14 Heijne L., Schagen P., Bruining H., “An Experimental Photoconductive Camera Tube for Television”, Philips Tech. Rev., Vol.16, No.1, July
Four-tube_television_camera
a material to transmit images. His work followed the discovery of photoconductivity in selenium by Willoughby Smith in 1873. In the 19th century he suggested
Adriano_de_Paiva
Researcher
of oxidative damage and provide promise for nanodevices based on photoconductivity. She demonstrated that the photoionization of guanine quadruplexes
Dimitra_Markovitsi
commercially by Sir Henry Cole (1808–1882). 1873: Discovery of the photoconductivity of the element selenium by Willoughby Smith (1828–1891). Smith's work
List of English inventions and discoveries
List_of_English_inventions_and_discoveries
Range 300-3000 GHz of the electromagnetic spectrum
pulsed sources used in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy such as photoconductive, surface field, photo-Dember and optical rectification emitters, and
Terahertz_radiation
transformers and power line protection" 2015 Safa Kasap "For contributions to photoconductive sensors for x-ray imaging" 2016 Siegfried Bauer "For contributions
List of fellows of IEEE Dielectrics & Electrical Insulation Society
List_of_fellows_of_IEEE_Dielectrics_&_Electrical_Insulation_Society
Chemical compound
Brodsky, M. H. (1970-01-15). "dc Conductivity, Optical Absorption, and Photoconductivity of Amorphous Arsenic Telluride Films". Physical Review B. 1 (2): 791–799
Arsenic(III)_telluride
Chemical compound
ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. Richard H. Bube; Edward L. Lind (1959). "Photoconductivity of Gallium Selenide Crystals". Phys. Rev. 115 (5): 1159–1164. Bibcode:1959PhRv
Gallium(II)_selenide
Detector that reacts to infrared (IR) radiation
band gaps. Incident IR photons can cause electronic excitations. In photoconductive detectors, the resistivity of the detector element is monitored. Photovoltaic
Infrared_detector
Canadian engineer
and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for his contributions to photoconductive sensors for x-ray imaging. Kasap was born in 1953 and grew up in London
Safa_Kasap
Imaging technology
Peter (June 2015). "Development of 2-D Boron Nitride Nanosheets UV Photoconductive Detectors". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 62 (6): 1885–1890
Solar-blind_technology
Chemical compound
Fredrich-Thornton; K.Petermann; G.Huber (2007). "Switching of emissivity and photoconductivity in highly doped Yb3+:Y2O3 and Lu2O3 ceramics". Appl. Phys. Lett. 90
Yttrium(III)_oxide
German physicist
gap in this material by field effect measurements and their role in photoconductivity, and has recently shown that, contrary to previous ideas, it can be
Walter_Eric_Spear
Making devices resist ionizing radiation
may stop oscillating for the duration of the flash due to prompt photoconductivity induced in quartz. SGEMP effects are caused by the radiation flash
Radiation_hardening
Device used in television cameras
tin oxide (ITO) layer, on top of which the photoconductive surface is formed by depositing photoconductive material which can be applied as small squares
Video_camera_tube
Photography genre
image. The target in Vidicon type camera tubes can be made of various photoconductive chemicals such as antimony sulfide (Sb2S3), lead(II) oxide (PbO), and
High-speed_photography
White powder insoluble in water
light emitting diodes (LEDs). Moreover, ultrafast nonlinearities and photoconductive functions have been reported in ZnO. Some optoelectronic applications
Zinc_oxide
Molecule investigation technique
systems can operate in free-space or waveguide geometries and may employ photoconductive emitters and detectors, nonlinear optical generation, photomixing,
Terahertz_spectroscopy
Particle motion in a non-uniform electric field due to dipole-field interactions
chamber and will be eluted from the chamber at a faster rate. The use of photoconductive materials (for example, in lab-on-chip devices) allows for localized
Dielectrophoresis
American epidemiologist
physicist Rudolf Frerichs known for development of the cadmium-sulfide photoconductive cell, and artist and writer Gisela Frerichs. The family moved to the
Ralph_R._Frerichs
Ukrainian chemist and academic
chemistry for tuning colloidal solubility, self-organization and photoconductivity of inorganic-capped nanocrystals". Nature Communications. 6 (1) 10142
Maksym_Kovalenko
Year Event 1873 Willoughby Smith discovers the photoconductivity of the element selenium. This results in the invention of the photoelectric cell. 1877
Before_1925_in_television
Alloy of lead, tin and tellurium
N. (1954). "Optical and Photoconductive Properties of Silicon and Germanium". In R. G. Breckenridge (ed.). Photoconductivity Conference. New York: John
Lead_tin_telluride
Former research centre in Malvern, Worcestershire, England
Simpson Moss, solid state physicist, author of definitive monographs Photoconductivity of the elements and Optical Properties of semiconductors, and series
Royal_Radar_Establishment
Electrostatic digital printing process
to be printed onto an electrically charged, photoconductive, rotating, cylindrical drum. Photoconductivity conducts charged electrons away from the areas
Laser_printing
Television that relies on a scanning device to display images
Giovanni Caselli from 1856 onward. Willoughby Smith discovered the photoconductivity of the element selenium in 1873, laying the groundwork for the selenium
Mechanical_television
American nanoscientist
behavior in silicon backbone polymeric systems. He was a pioneer in photoconductivity and the doping dynamics of thin films. Wilson was instrumental in
William L. Wilson (nanoscientist)
William_L._Wilson_(nanoscientist)
American physicist (1916–2004)
between the Speed of Response and the Detectivity of Lead Sulfide Photoconductive Cells". Journal of the Optical Society of America. 43 (11): 1008–1013
Robert_Clark_Jones
Japanese electrical equipment company
distribution and control equipment Electronic devices Power semiconductors Photoconductive drums Magnetic disks Food and beverage distribution Vending machines
Fuji_Electric
Scientific instruments
into electrical energy via a photoconductive surface. The idea is to allow the LED to switch on and off the photoconductive material via its fine projection
Optical_tweezers
PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY
PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY
PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY
PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY
Boy/Male
Tamil
Reshvin | ரேஷà¯à®µà¯€à®¨Â
Female
Italian
Italian form of German Gisela, GISELLA means "pledge, hostage, noble offspring."
Boy/Male
Native American
Wanders.
Boy/Male
Australian, German, Hebrew, Hungarian
Exile; Voyager
Boy/Male
Indian
The subsisting, The independent
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Earl.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Sweetness
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
One who Loves the Lord
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Queen of Rose; Fragrance
Girl/Female
Indian
Pleasant smell, Sweet smell, Fragrance
PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY
PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY
PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY
PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY
PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY