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Research and scientific development company
Nokia Bell Labs, commonly referred to as Bell Labs, is an American industrial research and development company owned by the Finnish technology company
Bell_Labs
Research distributed operating system
Plan 9 from Bell Labs is an operating system designed by the Computing Science Research Center (CSRC) at Bell Labs in the mid-1980s, built on the UNIX
Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs
Mixed-use commercial complex in Holmdel, New Jersey
The Bell Labs Holmdel Complex (later known as Bell Works) is a development in Holmdel Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. It functioned
Bell_Labs_Holmdel_Complex
1892 music hall song by Harry Dacre
use the brake, My beautiful Daisy Bell! (Chorus) In 1961, an IBM 7090 at Bell Labs was programmed to sing "Daisy Bell". This was one of the earliest demonstrations
Daisy_Bell
The American research and development (R&D) company Bell Labs is known for its many alumni who have won various awards, including the Nobel Prize and
List_of_Bell_Labs_alumni
1970s experimental musical synthesizer
The Bell Labs Digital Synthesizer, better known as the Alles Machine or Alice, was an experimental additive synthesizer designed by Hal Alles at Bell Labs
Bell_Labs_Digital_Synthesizer
successfully demonstrated on December 23, 1947, at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey. Bell Labs was the research arm of American Telephone and
History_of_the_transistor
Research and development division of AT&T
the name Bell Labs and AT&T adopted the name AT&T Laboratories for its R&D organization. AT&T Labs also traces its origin to Southwestern Bell Technology
AT&T_Labs
Patterns used in computer programming
The glob() function and the underlying gmatch() function originated at Bell Labs in the early 1970s alongside the original AT&T UNIX itself and had a formative
Glob_(programming)
Finnish multinational corporation
mapping division and the acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent, including its Bell Labs research organization. The company also experimented with virtual reality
Nokia
Academic journal
The Bell Labs Technical Journal was the in-house scientific journal for scientists of Bell Labs, published yearly by the IEEE society. The journal was
Bell_Labs_Technical_Journal
1982 US government action ending telephone monopoly
which was largely designed at the research and development subsidiary Bell Labs. As a result, AT&T had substantial control over the United States' communications
Breakup_of_the_Bell_System
Bourne shell backward compatible Unix shell created by David Korn
KornShell (ksh) is a Unix shell which was developed by David Korn at Bell Labs in the early 1980s and announced at USENIX on July 14, 1983. The initial
KornShell
American inventor (1907–2003)
element germanium, which was then believed to be useless. Teal joined Bell Labs in 1930 and would remain employed there for 22 years. During his time
Gordon_Kidd_Teal
American engineer and inventor
over IP (VoIP) related inventions. Croak worked for three decades at Bell Labs and AT&T where she filed over 200 patents, and has worked at Google since
Marian_Croak
1971, an assembler invoked as as was available for Unix. Implemented by Bell Labs staff, it was based upon the Digital Equipment Corporation's PAL-11R assembler
As_(Unix)
American mathematician (1922–2017)
Kappa after studying mathematics. She worked as a numerical analyst at Bell Labs, where as a computer she supported work on microwaves, and then on radar
Betty_Shannon
Family of computer operating systems
started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others. Initially intended for use inside the Bell System, AT&T licensed
Unix
American mathematician (1916–2001)
at Bell Labs; and another at AT&T Shannon Labs. The statue in Gaylord is located in the Claude Shannon Memorial Park. After the breakup of the Bell System
Claude_Shannon
American computer scientist known for Unix (1941–2011)
Bronxville, New York. His father was Alistair E. Ritchie, a longtime Bell Labs scientist and co-author of The Design of Switching Circuits on switching
Dennis_Ritchie
One of the inventors of the mobile phone (1915–2008)
of the Bell Labs engineers that invented the cell phone. The history of cellular phone technology began on December 11, 1947 with a Bell Labs internal
W._Rae_Young
American telecommunications company (1996-2006)
cards included the strapline 'Bell Labs Innovations' in a bid to retain the prestige of the internationally famous research lab, within a new business under
Lucent_Technologies
Distributed operating system
Inferno is a distributed operating system started at Bell Labs and now developed and maintained by Vita Nuova Holdings as free software under the MIT
Inferno_(operating_system)
American computer scientist (1931–1989)
and they had two children, Michael and Catherine. McMahon worked for Bell Labs from 1963 up until his death in 1989. He worked initially as a Linguistics
Lee_E._McMahon
French global telecommunications equipment company
Lucent was a successor of AT&T's Western Electric and a holding company of Bell Labs. In 2014, the Alcatel-Lucent group split into two: Alcatel-Lucent Enterprise
Alcatel-Lucent
The Young Turks were a group of leading scientists who worked at Bell Labs, who were insatiably curious about the science behind communications. Many
Young_Turks_(Bell_Labs)
Non-fiction book by Jon Gertner
Idea Factory: Bell Labs and the Great Age of American Innovation is a 2012 book by Jon Gertner that describes the history of Bell Labs, the research and
The_Idea_Factory
American nanoscientist
Director of the Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS) at Harvard University. At Bell Labs, Wilson collaborated with 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry awardees, Louis
William L. Wilson (nanoscientist)
William_L._Wilson_(nanoscientist)
Parser generator
replacement. In the early 1970s, Stephen C. Johnson, a computer scientist at Bell Labs / AT&T, developed Yacc because he wanted to insert an exclusive or operator
Yacc
Text-string-oriented programming language
natural languages. The original implementation was on an IBM 7090 at Bell Labs, Holmdel, N.J. SNOBOL4 was specifically designed for portability; the
SNOBOL
American computer scientist known for Unix (born 1943)
1943) is an American pioneer of computer science. Thompson worked at Bell Labs for most of his career where he designed and implemented the original
Ken_Thompson
American mathematician and information theorist (1915–1998)
widely used within the Bell Labs, and also by external users, who knew it as Bell 2. It was superseded by Fortran when the Bell Labs' IBM 650 were replaced
Richard_Hamming
American telephone service monopoly (1877–1984)
fraction of their revenues as a license fee to Bell Labs. As a result of this vertical monopoly, the Bell System effectively owned most telephone service
Bell_System
officially Unics and then Unix, the prototypic operating system created in Bell Labs in 1969 that formed the basis for the Unix family of operating systems)
List_of_operating_systems
American electrical and aerospace engineer
work all day at Bell Labs. In 1946 a colleague at the Labs: Milton Boone - a professor from Ohio State University on leave at Bell Labs during the war
George_Mueller_(engineer)
Procedural programming language
B is a programming language developed at Bell Labs circa 1969 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. B was designed for recursive, non-numeric, machine-independent
B_(programming_language)
American physicist (1908–1991)
Princeton University. After serving in World War II, he was a researcher at Bell Labs and a professor at the University of Illinois. The transistor revolutionized
John_Bardeen
Command-line interpreter for operating systems
Bourne shell initially started in 1976. Developed by Stephen Bourne at Bell Labs, it was a replacement for the Thompson shell, whose executable file had
Bourne_shell
back to the mid-1960s, when the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Labs, and General Electric were jointly developing an experimental time-sharing
History_of_Unix
Bell Labs, Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng proposed a silicon MOS transistor in 1959 at Bell Labs. 1960: A working MOSFET is built by a team at Bell Labs
Timeline_of_the_telephone
American computer scientist and educator (born 1960)
bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Virginia Tech. While working for Bell Telephone Laboratories he contributed to the design of the Bellmac 32, an
Bill_Dally
Voice encryption, transformation, and synthesis device
voice transformation. The vocoder was invented in 1937 by Homer Dudley at Bell Labs as a means of synthesizing human speech. This work was developed into
Vocoder
American choreographer (born 1941)
artists) worked with Bell Labs computer experts in collaborative performances that led to 9 Evenings: Theatre and Engineering. This Bell Lab collaboration also
Deborah_Hay
Material of moderate electrical conductivity
applications, but an effective application of the available theory. At Bell Labs, William Shockley and A. Holden started investigating solid-state amplifiers
Semiconductor
Software that translates code from one programming language to another
Bob Morris from Bell Labs. EPL supported the project until a boot-strapping compiler for the full PL/I could be developed. Bell Labs left the Multics
Compiler
Discontinued Plan 9 web browser
a library to parse HTML, were written at Bell Labs as the backend for a new web browser. After the Bell Labs project stalled, Aki Nyrhinen wrote a simple
Abaco_(web_browser)
Telecommunications research company
many years the SPD was used as Bell Canada's R&D arm, although as before, most telephony designs were created at Bell Labs in the US. In 1949, the United
Bell-Northern_Research
Humorous aphorism in computer programming
accounts for the other 90 percent of the development time. — Tom Cargill, Bell Labs This adds up to 180%, making a wry allusion to the notoriety of software
Ninety–ninety_rule
American period comedy-drama television series
tenured mathematics professor at Columbia University and a researcher at Bell Labs. He leaves academia to return to his social activist roots and later becomes
The_Marvelous_Mrs._Maisel
Software build automation tool
similar makefile syntax and semantics. Stuart Feldman created Make while at Bell Labs. An early version was completed in April 1976. Feldman received the 2003
Make_(software)
Anglo-American artist and composer
against big oil advertisements. Wolfe was selected to reboot the historic Bell Labs program Experiments in Art and Technology which began with John Cage and
Beatie_Wolfe
American television series (2022–present)
included the John Deere World Headquarters in Moline, Illinois, and the Bell Labs Holmdel Complex in New Jersey (the latter which served as both the exterior
Severance_(TV_series)
Egyptian engineer (1924–2009)
overlooked at Bell, which led to his resignation from Bell and joining Hewlett-Packard (HP), founding its Semiconductor Lab in 1962 and then HP Labs in 1966
Mohamed_M._Atalla
Typesetting language
is the major component of a document processing system developed by Bell Labs for the Unix operating system. troff and the related nroff were both developed
Troff
American physicist (1910–1989)
was an American physicist. He was the manager of a research group at Bell Labs that included John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. The three scientists were
William_Shockley
Artificial production of human speech
most prominent in the history of Bell Labs. Kelly's voice recorder synthesizer (vocoder) recreated the song "Daisy Bell", with musical accompaniment from
Speech_synthesis
General-purpose programming language
was initially developed as a successor to the B programming language at Bell Labs by Ritchie between 1972 and 1973. Its initial purpose was to construct
C_(programming_language)
Populated place in Union County, New Jersey, US
location of Bell Labs, having moved there in 1941 from nearby New York City. The first working transistor was demonstrated in Bell Labs' Murray Hill
Murray_Hill,_New_Jersey
Keypad that appears on some telephones
directorship of John Karlin at the Human Factors Engineering Department of Bell Labs. The modern keypad is laid out in a rectangular array of twelve push buttons
Telephone_keypad
Fictional character in Arthur C. Clarke's Space Odyssey series
Retrieved 30 May 2019. "Background: Bell Labs Text-to-Speech Synthesis: Then and Now Bell Labs and 'Talking Machines'". Bell Labs. Archived from the original
HAL_9000
Original compiler for C++
1983, which converted C++ to C; developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&T Bell Labs. The preprocessor did not understand all of the language and much of the
Cfront
Superconducting circuit element
they were weakly separated. In 1963, Phillip Anderson and John Rowell at Bell Labs constructed the first Josephson junction, using tin-oxide-lead junctions
Josephson_junction
Shell command for scheduling periodic jobs
in Computer Science and joined AT&T Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, and took this cron with him. At Bell Labs, he and others incorporated the Unix
Cron
Industrial shift to information technology
today. In 1957, at Bell Labs, Frosch and Derick were able to manufacture planar silicon dioxide transistors, later a team at Bell Labs demonstrated a working
Information_Age
Audio programming language
from or influenced by MUSIC, a program written by Max Mathews in 1957 at Bell Labs. MUSIC was the first computer program for generating digital audio waveforms
MUSIC-N
Type of phased-array radar
With AAM-4, J/APG-2". Retrieved 17 June 2015. Bell Labs 1975, p. I-35. Bell Labs 1975, p. 2-3. Bell Labs 1975, p. 2-22. "Northrop Grumman Successfully
Active electronically scanned array
Active_electronically_scanned_array
Tool to flag poor computer code
static program analysis. Stephen C. Johnson, a computer scientist at Bell Labs, came up with the term "lint" in 1978 while debugging the yacc grammar
Lint_(software)
Text typesetting markup software
roff printed the man pages for Versions 1 to 3 of Unix, and when the Bell Labs patent department began using it, it became the first Unix application
Roff_(software)
Type of anti-ballistic missile
missile warheads before they could hit their targets. It was designed by Bell Labs' Nike team, and was initially based on the earlier Nike Hercules anti-aircraft
Nike_Zeus
voice- and data communication.) In the United States, engineers from Bell Labs began work on a system to allow mobile users to place and receive telephone
History_of_mobile_phones
Proposed US Army anti-ballistic missile system
34. Bell Labs 1975, p. 5–20. Bell Labs 1975, p. 7-1. Bell Labs 1975, p. 3–10. Bell Labs 1975, pp. I-36–I-37. Bell Labs 1975, p. I-40. Bell Labs 1975
Sentinel_program
Type of field-effect transistor
(MOSFET) was invented in 1959 by engineers Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs. Their breakthrough—fabricating a practical field-effect transistor enabled
MOSFET
Picturephone is considered a commercial failure. In the United States, AT&T's Bell Labs conducted extensive research and development of videophones, eventually
Picturephone
Digital audio format
fundamental research in the area from Harvey Fletcher and his collaborators at Bell Labs. Perceptual coding was first used for speech coding compression with linear
MP3
Command in several OSes to terminate a process
with the process identifier "42": Singularity>kill 42 Under Plan 9 from Bell Labs, the kill program does not actually perform this termination, nor does
Kill_(command)
Programming language
implementation Squeak). It was developed by Luca Cardelli and Rob Pike at Bell Labs in the first half of the 1980s as a language for implementing graphical
Newsqueak
Businessman
Marcus Weldon (born 25 July 1968) was the 13th president of Bell Labs. He also served as the Corporate Chief Technology Officer of Nokia. Weldon won a
Marcus_Weldon
Device that emits light via optical amplification
That same year, Charles H. Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow, then at Bell Labs, began a serious study of infrared "optical masers". As ideas developed
Laser
Anti-ballistic missile system
p. 160. Bell Labs 1975, p. I-43. Bell Labs 1975, p. 1-45. Bell Labs 1975, p. 1–46. Bell Labs 1975, p. I-45. Bell Labs 1975, p. 8–1. Bell Labs 1975, p
Nike-X
Traditional first example of a computer programming language
ISBN 0-13-110163-3. Kernighan, Brian (1974). "Programming in C: A Tutorial" (PDF). Bell Labs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 9 January
Hello,_world
American businessman and software engineer (born 1955)
Index with an estimated net worth of US$64.3 billion. As an intern at Bell Labs, Schmidt in 1975 was co-author of Lex, a software program to generate
Eric_Schmidt
Programming language
write applications for the Inferno operating system. It was designed at Bell Labs by Sean Dorward, Phil Winterbottom, and Rob Pike. The Limbo compiler generates
Limbo_(programming_language)
wirephoto used by Western Union, and the teleostereograph developed by AT&T's Bell Labs, which were forerunners of today's fax (facsimile) machines. Such early
History_of_videotelephony
Microwave relay system
TD-2 was a microwave relay system developed by Bell Labs and used by AT&T to build a cross-country network of repeaters for telephone and television transmission
TD-2
Title and form of address for learned or skilled individual
Battelle Technical Fellow". Battelle. "Nokia Bell Labs: 2017 Bell Labs Fellows Announced". www.bell-labs.com. 7 December 2017. Archived from the original
Fellow
Activity involving calculations or computing machinery
Bell Labs, the first transistors in which drain and source were adjacent at the surface. Subsequently, a team demonstrated a working MOSFET at Bell Labs
Computing
French computer scientist (born 1960)
superintelligence. The company he founded, Advanced Machine Intelligence Labs (or AMI Labs), is run by CEO Alex LeBrun, with LeCun serving as Executive Chair
Yann_LeCun
Computer programmer and co-creator of Go
while working at Google and the Plan 9 operating system while working at Bell Labs, where he was a member of the Unix team. Pike wrote the first window system
Rob_Pike
First transistorized computer in the USA
US, completed in 1954. The computer was built by Jean Howard Felker of Bell Labs for the United States Air Force while L.C. Brown ("Charlie Brown") was
TRADIC
Television historian Albert Abramson underscored the significance of the Bell Labs demonstration: "It was in fact the best demonstration of a mechanical
History_of_television
Bet sizing formula for long-term growth
expected geometric growth rate. John Larry Kelly Jr., a researcher at Bell Labs, described the criterion in 1956. The practical use of the formula has
Kelly_criterion
Mosaic-CK Netscape Spyglass Mosaic VMS Mosaic Abaco (for Plan 9 from Bell Labs and Linux) Amaya Arachne (for DOS and Linux) Arena Ariadna (AMSD Ariadna)
List_of_web_browsers
Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other
connected a terminal at Dartmouth to his Complex Number Calculator at Bell Labs in New York. Today, almost all computers are connected to a computer network
Computer_network
Commercial modem
available in 1959, shortly after AT&T's Bell Labs announced their 110 baud modulation frequencies. The Bell 101 allowed digital data to be transmitted
Bell_101
Book by Brian Kernighan and Rob Pike
Prentice Hall, is a book written by Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike, both of Bell Labs and considered an important and early document of the Unix operating system
The Unix Programming Environment
The_Unix_Programming_Environment
Programmable machine that processes data
Bardeen and Walter Brattain, while working under William Shockley at Bell Labs, built the first working transistor, the point-contact transistor, in
Computer
Operating system that behaves similarly to Unix
the University of California at Berkeley, with UNIX source code from Bell Labs. However, the BSD code base has evolved since then, replacing all the
Unix-like
Inventor of the telephone (1847–1922)
sound pressure level (SPL) invented by Bell Labs and named after him. Since 1976, the IEEE's Alexander Graham Bell Medal has been awarded to honour outstanding
Alexander_Graham_Bell
Mechanism for inter-process communication using message passing
pipelines was championed by Douglas McIlroy at Unix's ancestral home of Bell Labs, during the development of Unix, shaping its toolbox philosophy. It is
Pipeline_(Unix)
United States Space Force phased-array radar system
Bell Labs 1975, p. I-33. WSEG 1959, p. 11. Bell Labs 1975, p. I-35. Bell Labs 1975, p. 2-3. Bell Labs 1975, p. I-38. Bell Labs 1975, p. 8-1. Bell Labs
AN/FPQ-16_PARCS
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