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French writer and researcher in biology
Patrick Forterre (French pronunciation: [patʁik fɔʁtɛʁ], born 21 August 1949) is a French biologist and writer. He had served as professor at Paris-Sud
Patrick_Forterre
Theory that viruses predate cellular life
extant analogues of these early replicators. Within this framework, Patrick Forterre proposed that the transition from an RNA world to the modern DNA-based
Virus_world_hypothesis
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
self-assembling organic molecules. The virocell model first proposed by Patrick Forterre considers the infected cell to be the "living form" of viruses and
Virus
Very large DNA virus
PMID 29649682. Da Cunha V, Gaia M, Ogata H, Jaillon O, Delmont TO, Patrick Forterre P (2020). "Giant viruses encode novel types of actins possibly related
Giant_virus
DNA region replicating from a single origin
retrotransposons, viroids, virusoids and RNA satellites are also replicons. Patrick Forterre of the Pasteur Institute has coined the term "orphan replicon" to refer
Replicon_(genetics)
Kingdom of archaea
Annika L. Gomez, Ryan Catchpole, Mathieu Gonnet, Jacques Oberto, Patrick Forterre, Violette Da Cunha: The global distribution and evolutionary history
Methanobacteriati
Hypothetical stage in the early evolutionary history of life on Earth
induction of RNA damage by UV-irradiation, and ionizing radiation. Patrick Forterre has been working on a novel hypothesis, called "three viruses, three
RNA_world
Genus of viruses
Lina Barrassi; Ghislain Fournous; Michele Merchat; Marie Suzan-Monti; Patrick Forterre; Eugene Koonin; Didier Raoult (4 September 2008). "The virophage as
Mamavirus
Genus of archaea
Brochier-Armanet, Céline, Bastien Boussau, Simonetta Gribaldo, and Patrick Forterre. "Mesophilic Crenarchaeota: Proposal for a Third Archaeal Phylum, the
Nitrosopumilus
Subviral agent which depends on a helper virus for its replication
Lina Barrassi; Ghislain Fournous; Michèle Merchat; Marie Suzan-Monti; Patrick Forterre; Eugene Koonin & Didier Raoult (2008). "The virophage as a unique parasite
Satellite_(biology)
Period during the evolution of the first cells
1098/rstb.2016.0419. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 5665807. PMID 29061892. Patrick., Forterre (2007). Microbes de l'enfer. Paris: Belin--pour la Science. ISBN 978-2-7011-4425-2
Darwinian_threshold
Spanish-born French biologist
hypothesis for eukaryogenesis. Also with Moreira, she has objected to Patrick Forterre's support of the virus world hypothesis 2025 : Member of French Academy
Purificación_López-García
Ancestor of all current life on Earth
communities (PhD thesis). Indiana University. p. 4. ProQuest 304192982 Forterre, Patrick (1997). "Archaea: What can we learn from their sequences?". Current
Last universal common ancestor
Last_universal_common_ancestor
Greek-American bioscientist (born 1963)
Ouzounis he coined the acronym "LUCA" at a conference organized by Patrick Forterre at Les Treilles, France, and performed some of the first comparative
Nikos_Kyrpides
Order of archaea
Marguet; Claire Geslin; Oriane Matte-Tailliez; Wolfram Zillig; Patrick Forterre; Patrick Tailliez (March 2004). "Molecular Diversity of New Thermococcales
Thermococcales
Possible earliest ancestor of the LUCA ancestral cell
(6): 110. doi:10.1186/gb-2006-7-6-110. PMC 1779534. PMID 16787527. Forterre, Patrick (March 2006). "Three RNA cells for ribosomal lineages and three DNA
First universal common ancestor
First_universal_common_ancestor
Biological classification system
S2CID 8666687. Da Cunha, Violette; Gaia, Morgan; Nasir, Arshan; Forterre, Patrick (2018). "Asgard archaea do not close the debate about the universal
Two-domain_system
Proposed archaeal phylum
ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 12222021. PMID 40335687. Brochier-Armanet, Celine; Forterre, Patrick; Gribaldo, Simonetta (2011-06-01). "Phylogeny and evolution of the
Augarchaeota
Short period movement of plants
Plant bioacoustics Plant perception (physiology) Taxis Thigmonasty Tropism Forterre, Y., J.M. Skotheim, J. Dumais & L. Mahadevan 2005. "How the Venus flytrap
Rapid_plant_movement
Hypothesis in cell biology
(6): 110. doi:10.1186/gb-2006-7-6-110. PMC 1779534. PMID 16787527. Forterre, Patrick (March 2006). "Three RNA cells for ribosomal lineages and three DNA
Viral_eukaryogenesis
Japanese molecular biologist (born 1959)
doi:10.1128/jb.169.12.5429-5433.1987. PMC 213968. PMID 3316184. Forterre, Patrick; Krupovic, Mart; Ishino, Yoshizumi (2018-04-01). "History of CRISPR-Cas
Yoshizumi_Ishino
Comparison of a wide range of radiation dosages
Bibcode:1995ICRC....4..139T. Jolivet, Edmond; L'Haridon, Stéphane; Corre, Erwan; Forterre, Patrick; Prieur, DanielYR 2003 (2003). "Thermococcus gammatolerans sp. nov
Orders of magnitude (radiation)
Orders_of_magnitude_(radiation)
Kingdom of archaea
Cunha, Violette Da; Gaia, Morgan; Gadelle, Daniele; Nasir, Arshan; Forterre, Patrick (2017-06-12). "Lokiarchaea are close relatives of Euryarchaeota, not
Asgard_archaea
Life arising from non-living matter
original on 3 April 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2022. Catchpole, Ryan; Forterre, Patrick (2019). "The evolution of Reverse Gyrase suggests a non-hyperthermophilic
Abiogenesis
Matter with biological processes
e278. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050278. PMC 1994994. PMID 17914905. Forterre, Patrick (3 March 2010). "Defining Life: The Virus Viewpoint". Orig Life Evol
Life
Records of Earth's development
Genetics and Molecular Research. 2 (4): 366–375. PMID 15011140. Forterre, Patrick (2005). "The two ages of the RNA world, and the transition to the
History_of_Earth
Taxonomic clade
PMID 2112744. Gribaldo, Simonetta; Poole, Anthony M.; Daubin, Vincent; Forterre, Patrick & Brochier-Armanet, Céline (2010-10-01). "The origin of eukaryotes
Neomura
Characteristic of a group of organisms with a common ancestor
1038/nmicrobiol.2016.116. ISSN 2058-5276. PMID 27562259. S2CID 2997255. Forterre, Patrick; Gribaldo, Simonetta; Brochier, Céline (October 2005). "[Luca: the
Common_descent
Plant growth in reaction to gravity and bending of leaves and roots
1199/tab.0043. PMC 3243349. PMID 22303208. Chauvet, Hugo; Pouliquen, Olivier; Forterre, Yoël; Legué, Valérie; Moulia, Bruno (14 October 2016). "Inclination not
Gravitropism
Genus of archaea
Cunha, Violette Da; Gaia, Morgan; Gadelle, Daniele; Nasir, Arshan; Forterre, Patrick (2017-06-12). "Lokiarchaea are close relatives of Euryarchaeota, not
Lokiarchaeum
Genus of archaea
(3): 971–81. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17502.x. PMID 1483480. Forterre, Patrick (June 2006). "DNA topoisomerase V: a new fold of mysterious origin"
Methanopyrus
Effect of gravity on living organisms
ISSN 1543-8120. PMC 3243349. PMID 22303208. Chauvet, Hugo; Pouliquen, Olivier; Forterre, Yoël; Legué, Valérie; Moulia, Bruno (2016-10-14). "Inclination not force
Gravitational_biology
cellbi.2004.06.006. ISSN 1065-6995. PMID 15563395. S2CID 30633352. Forterre, Patrick; Benachenhou-Lahfa, Nadia; Confalonieri, Fabrice; et al. (1992). Adoutte
History_of_life
Currently uncultured deep-sea archaeal species
Cunha, Violette Da; Gaia, Morgan; Gadelle, Daniele; Nasir, Arshan; Forterre, Patrick (2017-06-12). "Lokiarchaea are close relatives of Euryarchaeota, not
Lokiarchaeum_primum
Gene that has limited phylogenetic distribution
603–612. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn281. PMID 19064677. Cortez, Diego; Forterre, Patrick; Gribaldo, Simonetta (2009). "A hidden reservoir of integrative elements
Orphan_gene
NE 27 July 2025 Grand Prix de Cours-la-Ville 1.NE 29 July 2025 Paris–Bourges 1.NE 13 September 2025 Classique Puisaye-Forterre 1.NE 28 September 2025
2025_in_men's_road_cycling
Subfield of genetics devoted to the study of microorganisms
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.5.1955. PMC 43283. PMID 8127914. Raoult, Didier; Forterre, Patrick (3 March 2008). "Redefining viruses: lessons from Mimivirus". Nature
Microbial_genetics
Genus of viruses
Karin; Quax, Tessa E. F.; Pina, Mery; Prevost, Marie-Christine; Forterre, Patrick; Tenaillon, Olivier; Bernander, Rolf; Prangishvili, David (2009).
Icerudivirus
Subfield of robotics
ISSN 1748-3190. PMID 27995902. S2CID 19670692. Dumais, Jacques; Forterre, Yoël (21 January 2012). ""Vegetable Dynamicks": The Role of Water in Plant
Soft_robotics
Class of archaea
Emilie; Fourquaux, Isabelle; le Blond du Plouy, Stephane; Matsui, Ikuo; Forterre, Patrick (2013). "Membrane vesicles, nanopods and/or nanotubes produced by
Thermococci
doi:10.1007/PL00006275. ISSN 0022-2844. PMID 9419221. S2CID 17968659. Forterre, Patrick; Philippe, Hervé (1999). "Where is the root of the universal tree
Split_gene_theory
Superphylum of bacteria
Microbiology. 52 (Pt 1): 7–76. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-1-7. PMID 11837318. Forterre, Patrick (January 2011). "A new fusion hypothesis for the origin of Eukarya:
PVC_superphylum
Phylum of archaea
159T. doi:10.1006/mpev.1999.0675. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 10508549. Forterre, Patrick; Gribaldo, Simonetta; Brochier-Armanet, Céline (2009-01-23). "Happy
Nanobdellota
Phylum of viruses
PMID 30837339. Guglielmini, Julien; Woo, Anthony C.; Krupovic, Mart; Forterre, Patrick; Gaia, Morgan (2019-09-10). "Diversification of giant and large eukaryotic
Nucleocytoviricota
Any life form too small for the naked human eye to see that lives in a marine environment
doi:10.1074/jbc.R800078200. PMC 2675988. PMID 19158076. Prangishvili D, Forterre P, Garrett RA (2006). "Viruses of the Archaea: a unifying view". Nature
Marine_microorganisms
Species of bacterium
S2CID 18254613. de la Tour, Claire Bouthier; Portemer, Christiane; Forterre, Patrick; Huber, Robert; Duguet, Michel (1993). "ATP-independent DNA topoisomerase
Fervidobacterium_islandicum
Species of archaeon
Emilie; Fourquaux, Isabelle; le Blond du Plouy, Stephane; Matsui, Ikuo; Forterre, Patrick (1 February 2013). "Membrane vesicles, nanopods and/or nanotubes produced
Pyrococcus_chitonophagus
Viruses can become part of the DNA of those they infect
Unicellular Parasite". Sci.News. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2026. Forterre, Patrick; Gaïa, Morgan (2021). "Giant DNA viruses make big strides in eukaryote
Endogenization
Viral part of the biosphere
PMC 3232739. PMID 22126996. Prangishvili, David; Bamford, Dennis H.; Forterre, Patrick; Iranzo, Jaime; Koonin, Eugene V.; Krupovic, Mart (December 2017)
Virosphere
Commune in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
Grimault Gron Guillon-Terre-Plaine Gurgy Gy-l'Évêque Hauterive Les Hauts de Forterre Héry Irancy Island L'Isle-sur-Serein Jaulges Joigny Jouancy Joux-la-Ville
Villiers-Saint-Benoît
Commune in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
Grimault Gron Guillon-Terre-Plaine Gurgy Gy-l'Évêque Hauterive Les Hauts de Forterre Héry Irancy Island L'Isle-sur-Serein Jaulges Joigny Jouancy Joux-la-Ville
Jussy,_Yonne
Commune in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
Grimault Gron Guillon-Terre-Plaine Gurgy Gy-l'Évêque Hauterive Les Hauts de Forterre Héry Irancy Island L'Isle-sur-Serein Jaulges Joigny Jouancy Joux-la-Ville
Gisy-les-Nobles
Commune in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
Grimault Gron Guillon-Terre-Plaine Gurgy Gy-l'Évêque Hauterive Les Hauts de Forterre Héry Irancy Island L'Isle-sur-Serein Jaulges Joigny Jouancy Joux-la-Ville
Saint-Maurice-le-Vieil
Commune in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
Grimault Gron Guillon-Terre-Plaine Gurgy Gy-l'Évêque Hauterive Les Hauts de Forterre Héry Irancy Island L'Isle-sur-Serein Jaulges Joigny Jouancy Joux-la-Ville
Cerisiers
Commune in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
Grimault Gron Guillon-Terre-Plaine Gurgy Gy-l'Évêque Hauterive Les Hauts de Forterre Héry Irancy Island L'Isle-sur-Serein Jaulges Joigny Jouancy Joux-la-Ville
Foissy-lès-Vézelay
Commune in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
Grimault Gron Guillon-Terre-Plaine Gurgy Gy-l'Évêque Hauterive Les Hauts de Forterre Héry Irancy Island L'Isle-sur-Serein Jaulges Joigny Jouancy Joux-la-Ville
Sommecaise
Commune in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
Grimault Gron Guillon-Terre-Plaine Gurgy Gy-l'Évêque Hauterive Les Hauts de Forterre Héry Irancy Island L'Isle-sur-Serein Jaulges Joigny Jouancy Joux-la-Ville
Héry,_Yonne
PATRICK FORTERRE
PATRICK FORTERRE
Female
English
Feminine form of Latin Patricius, PATRICIA means "patrician; of noble birth."
Male
French
Medieval French form of Latin Patricius, PATRICE means "patrician; of noble descent."
Male
English
 English topographic surname transferred to forename use, from the American spelling of the French surname Garrigue, from Old Provençal garrique, GARRICK means "grove of holm oaks." Compare with another form of Garrick.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, French, German, Latin
Patrician; Noble; Form of Patrick
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Parrack.
Male
Swedish
Variant spelling of Swedish Alrik, ALRICK means "all-powerful; ruler of all."
Male
Irish
Old Irish Gaelic name derived from Latin Patricius, PATRAICC means "patrician; of noble descent."
Male
Spanish
Portuguese and Spanish form of Latin Patricius, PATRICIO means "patrician; of noble birth."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Irish, Jamaican, Latin, Netherlands, Portuguese, Swedish, Swiss
Nobleman; Patrician
Male
English
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Pádraig, PATRICK means "patrician; of noble descent."Â
Boy/Male
English American Irish Latin
Patrician, noble. Romans society was divided into plebeians: (commoners) and patricians:...
Boy/Male
English Teutonic
Son of Patrick.
Male
Romanian
Pet form of Romanian Petre, PETRICA means "rock, stone."
Girl/Female
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Irish, Italian, Jamaican, Latin, Netherlands, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Swiss
Noble Patrician; Female Version of Patrick; Noblewoman
Boy/Male
Irish
Patrician; noble. Form of Patrick.
Male
Polish
Polish form of Greek Patrikios, PATRYK means "patrician, of noble descent."
Female
French
French form of Latin Viatrix, BÉATRICE means "voyager (through life)."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English, Greek
Modern Blend of Catrina and Patrice
Male
Hungarian
Czech and Hungarian form of Greek Patrikios, PATRIK means "patrician, of noble descent."
Boy/Male
Australian, French, German, Latin, Portuguese, Spanish
Regal; Patrician; A Nobleman; Form of Patrick
PATRICK FORTERRE
PATRICK FORTERRE
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Crescent
Boy/Male
Hindu
Victorious God Swami Narayan, Victory of blue, Victory over gems
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Handsome
Boy/Male
Bengali, German, Indian
Yogi; Now
Girl/Female
Tamil
Fragrant, Jasmine, Gardener, Another name for Durga and the ganges, A garland maker
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Congenital Blind
Boy/Male
Tamil
Breath
Female
Welsh
Variant spelling of Welsh Brongwyn, BRONWEN means "fair-breasted."Â
Girl/Female
Anglo Saxon
Princess.
PATRICK FORTERRE
PATRICK FORTERRE
PATRICK FORTERRE
PATRICK FORTERRE
PATRICK FORTERRE
n.
See Matrix.
n.
To fix by the point; to attach or hang by puncturing; as, to prick a knife into a board.
v. t.
To trick, to perplex.
v.
A small roll; as, a prick of spun yarn; a prick of tobacco.
imp. & p. p.
of Trick
imp. & p. p.
of Prick
a.
An artifice or stratagem; a cunning contrivance; a sly procedure, usually with a dishonest intent; as, a trick in trade.
n.
To pierce slightly with a sharp-pointed instrument or substance; to make a puncture in, or to make by puncturing; to drive a fine point into; as, to prick one with a pin, needle, etc.; to prick a card; to prick holes in paper.
a.
Becoming to a patriot; patriotic.
n.
See Puddock, and Parrock.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Trick
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Prick
n.
To mark the outline of by puncturing; to trace or form by pricking; to mark by punctured dots; as, to prick a pattern for embroidery; to prick the notes of a musical composition.
n.
A patrial noun. Thus Romanus, a Roman, and Troas, a woman of Troy, are patrial nouns, or patrials.
n.
A joint patriot.
n.
To make sharp; to erect into a point; to raise, as something pointed; -- said especially of the ears of an animal, as a horse or dog; and usually followed by up; -- hence, to prick up the ears, to listen sharply; to have the attention and interest strongly engaged.
n.
Trick; deception.
v. t.
To deceive by cunning or artifice; to impose on; to defraud; to cheat; as, to trick another in the sale of a horse.
a.
A particular habit or manner; a peculiarity; a trait; as, a trick of drumming with the fingers; a trick of frowning.
a.
Patriotic; that pertains to a patriot.