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Realm of viruses
enzyme integrase. This endogenization is part of their replication cycle, as mRNA is produced from the integrated DNA. Endogenization is a form of horizontal
Riboviria
Viruses can become part of the DNA of those they infect
Endogenization is the evolutionary process by which viral genetic material becomes stably integrated into the germline of a host organism and inherited
Endogenization
Study of ancient viruses
1186/1741-7007-8-2. PMC 2823675. PMID 20067611. Lida, Atsuo (2020). "Heritable endogenization of an RNA virus in a mammalian species". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.01.19
Paleovirology
Outermost layer of many types of the infectious agent
Viral envelope Viral replication Viral pathogenesis Viral evolution Endogenization DNA virus RNA virus Bacteriophage Classification Virus classification
Viral_envelope
Realm of viruses
from parent to child. Endogenization is common among bacterial and archaeal DJR-MCP viruses. A peculiar example of endogenization in Varidnaviria are virophages
Varidnaviria
Family of lagomorphs
studies on the betaretrovirus RERV-H in the Leporidae family reveal an endogenization in the ancestor of Oryctolagus, Bunolagus and Pentalagus at 9 million
Leporidae
Subclass of mammals in the clade Theriiformes
studies have suggested a viral origin of syncytins through the retroviral endogenization process, where the genome of a virus was incorporated into the host's
Theria
Quantitative economic model
include different time periods. Dynamic Leontief models are obtained by endogenizing the formation of capital stock over time. Denote by y I {\displaystyle
Input–output_model
Subfield of evolutionary biology and virology concerned with the evolution of viruses
genomes that ancestrally 'invaded' the host germline and were subsequently endogenized. For example, the genomes of most vertebrate species contain hundreds
Viral_evolution
Realm of viruses
2025, pp. 65–66. Malathi & Devi 2019, p. 8. Zhao et al. 2019, sec. "Endogenized eukaryotic CRESS DNA viruses". Krupovic & Forterre 2015, sec. "ssDNA
Floreoviria
Cooperation between microbial species to digest a substrate
reduced compounds, or by direct electron transfer. The Entangle-Engulf-Endogenize (E3) model was created in 2020 based on the isolation of syntrophic archaea
Syntrophy
Model of long-run economic growth
integrated Frank Ramsey's analysis of consumer optimization, thereby endogenizing the saving rate, to create what is now known as the Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans
Solow–Swan_model
Species of mammal
studies on the betaretrovirus RERV-H in the Leporidae family reveal an endogenization in the ancestor of Oryctolagus, Bunolagus and Pentalagus at 9 million
European_rabbit
Formation of biological viruses during the infection process
Viral envelope Viral replication Viral pathogenesis Viral evolution Endogenization DNA virus RNA virus Bacteriophage Classification Virus classification
Viral_replication
Virus-derived DNA in another organism
AR, Martinez-Gutierrez CA, Aylward FO (December 2020). "Widespread endogenization of giant viruses shapes genomes of green algae". Nature. 588 (7836):
Endogenous_viral_element
Enzyme which generates DNA
double-stranded cDNA. In retroviruses and retrotransposons, this cDNA can then be endogenized into the host genome, from which new RNA copies can be made via host-cell
Reverse_transcriptase
Theory in microeconomics
In microeconomics, search theory studies buyers or sellers who cannot instantly find a trading partner, and must therefore search for a partner prior to
Search_theory
Species of alga
AR, Martinez-Gutierrez CA, Aylward FO. (November 2020). "Widespread endogenization of giant viruses shapes genomes of green algae". Nature. 588 (7836):
Chlamydomonas_reinhardtii
Measure of increase in market value of goods
technological progress in the Solow–Swan model, economists worked to "endogenize" (i.e., explain it "from within" the models) productivity growth in the
Economic_growth
Approach to economics
known as the Solow-Swan model. Cass and Koopmans extended this work by endogenizing the savings (or investment rate) to time preference and inter temporal
Neoclassical_economics
Viral parasites of giant viruses
in reduced virulence of the giant viruses. Many virophage genomes are endogenized into the genomes of single-celled eukaryotes, and they reactivate upon
Virophage
Infection caused by pathogens that use mother-to-children transmission
Congenital rubella syndrome Congenital syphilis Neonatal herpes simplex Endogenization von Csefalvay, Chris (2023). "Simple compartmental models". Computational
Vertically transmitted infection
Vertically_transmitted_infection
Species of mammal
studies on the betaretrovirus RERV-H in the Leporidae family reveal an endogenization in the ancestor of Oryctolagus, Bunolagus and Pentalagus at 9 million
Riverine_rabbit
Study of an economy as a whole
explain growth in Solow's model. Another type of endogenous growth model endogenizes technological progress by explicitly modelling research and development
Macroeconomics
Genus of viruses
suggesting that retroviral endogenization began in Northern Australia between the last 100 to 200 years. Pathology study of the endogenizing integration of KoRV-A
Gammaretrovirus
Order of viruses
Sakamoto W, Kanematsu S, et al. (July 2011). Nagy PD (ed.). "Widespread endogenization of genome sequences of non-retroviral RNA viruses into plant genomes"
Mononegavirales
Subfamily of viruses
vivo. Endogenous foamy viruses are members of the subfamily who were endogenized into the genomes of their hosts, which includes animals in which no extant
Spumaretrovirinae
Neoclassical economic model
Tjalling Koopmans in the 1960s. The model extends the Solow–Swan model by endogenizing the savings rate through explicit microfoundations of consumption behavior:
Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans_model
Hypothesis in cell biology
the entire cell as a symbiont—a new way to survive and proliferate. Endogenization Endogenous retrovirus Endogenous viral element Paleovirology Virus world
Viral_eukaryogenesis
Type of genetic component
retrovirus is a retrovirus without virus pathogenic effects that has been endogenized into the host genome by inserting their inheritable genetic information
Retrotransposon
Taxonomic rank
are a major source of horizontal gene transfer by means of becoming endogenized in their host's genome, and a significant portion of the human genome
Realm_(virology)
Infectious disease = Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
increasing susceptibility to infections and complicating healing. Endogenization – A pathogen becoming fixed into a host's germline, enabling vertical
Outline of infectious disease concepts
Outline_of_infectious_disease_concepts
Book by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern
extended von Neumann and Morgenstern's axioms of rational preferences to endogenize probability and make it subjective. He then used Bayes' theorem to update
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
Theory_of_Games_and_Economic_Behavior
Virus that has DNA as its genetic material
Variola virus, which caused smallpox. Many varidnaviruses can become endogenized in their host's genome; a peculiar example are virophages, which after
DNA_virus
Russian economist
Konstantin; Egorov, Georgy (October 2011). "Dictators and their viziers: endogenizing the loyalty-competence trade-off". Journal of the European Economic Association
Konstantin_Sonin
Singaporean former politician
In 2015, he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. Transplanted or Endogenized? FDI and Industrial Upgrading in Developing Countries. Case study of
Chia_Thye_Poh
Inherited retrovirus encoded in an organism's genome
expression is thought to be an after effect of the method by which they were endogenized; however, this also may be due to a lack of DNA methylation in germ-line
Endogenous_retrovirus
Viral genome integrated into the DNA of a host cell
Endogenous retroviruses are always in the state of a provirus. When a (non-endogenized) retrovirus invades a cell, the RNA of the retrovirus is reverse-transcribed
Provirus
Economic analysis of contracts
Adverse selection theory has been expanded in several directions, e.g. by endogenizing the information structure (so the agent can decide whether or not to
Contract_theory
Human endogenous retroviral envelope protein
of the transmembrane domain, allowing detection in blood plasma. The endogenization even for the HEMO retroviral gene is estimated to have occurred more
HEMO_protein
Application of modern evolutionary theory to understanding health and disease
developmental psychopathology Evolutionary approaches to depression Endogenization Paleolithic lifestyle Universal Darwinism Merlo LM, Pepper JW, Reid
Evolutionary_medicine
Virus that infects algae
Martinez-Gutierrez, Carolina A; Aylward, Frank O (2020). "Widespread endogenization of giant viruses shapes genomes of green algae". Nature. 588 (7836):
Algal_virus
Israeli professor of financial economics (born 1969)
M., Galai, D. & Sade, O. (2016) Uniform or Discriminatory Auctions: Endogenizing Bidder’s Choice in Divisible Good Auctions In Behavioral Finance: Where
Orly_Sade
Species of virus
recognized as forming persistent infections in their hosts and become endogenized within sea star genomic DNA. Densoviruses including SSaDV become more
Sea star-associated densovirus
Sea_star-associated_densovirus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ERV3, one of the most studied HERVs, is thought to have undergone endogenization 30 to 40 million years ago and is present in higher primates with the
ERV3
Genus of archaea
for such an ability. Eukaryogenesis is explained by the entangle-engulf-endogenize (E3) model, which states that the archaeal host first contacted an adjacent
Promethearchaeum
Chinese-Australian economist
p. 29-54. Xiaokai Yang and Robert Rice, 1994. "An Equilibrium Model Endogenizing the Emergence of a Dual Structure between the Urban and Rural Sectors
Xiaokai_Yang
Assessment model for global systems
infrastructure and technology. IFs is a unique modeling tool because it endogenizes the impact of such a wide range of global systems for 183 countries.
International_Futures
Endogenized members of Spumaretrovirinae
Endogenized members of Spumaretrovirinae
Endogenous_foamy_viruses
Species of virus
having occurred in the last 200 years. There is also indication that the endogenization of Jaagsiekte virus is still occurring today. In sheep, enJSRVs are
Jaagsiekte_sheep_retrovirus
Creation of new financial instruments, technologies, and institutions
markets is not great). Allen and Gale (1988) is one of the first papers to endogenize security issuance contingent on financial regulation—specifically, bans
Financial_innovation
Forces acting on economic factors from outside a market system
institutions to nonmarket ones the degree to which nonmarket factors are endogenized or exogenized in market models the enactibility of the nonmarket environment
Nonmarket_forces
American academic
Property. Review of Financial Studies. Brenner, M.; D. Galai & O. Sade. Endogenizing Bidders Choice in Divisible Goods Auctions. Journal of Monetary Economics
Menachem_Brenner
LTR ERVs in primates
of transposable elements. Derived from gammaretroviruses, MER41 were endogenized into the primate germline approximately 45 to 60 mya. The human genome
MER41
Swedish academic scholar
of compound buyer-seller diffusion, technological disruption, and an endogenizing feedback structure through investments in R&D and new technologies. He
Ove_Granstrand
American economist
spending designed to explain this regularity. Cass's paper was the first to endogenize the consumption-savings decision by deriving an optimal capital accumulation
David_Cass
American economist
study where they model optimal patent policy with costly imitation that endogenizes imitation. Their study found that innovations that have patent designs
Nancy_Gallini
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Boy/Male
Tamil
Banshidhar | பஂஷீதர
Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Arabic, Armenian, Australian, Indian, Muslim, Parsi, Traditional, Turkish
Free; Independence
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Servant of the Eternal
Girl/Female
African, Arabic, French
Discerning
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Spire 1.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Shiva
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the various places, for example in Cambridgeshire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, and Warwickshire, named in Old Norse with topt, Old Danish toft ‘curtilage’, ‘site’, ‘homestead’.Scandinavian : habitational name from any of several farmsteads or place names derived from Old Norse topt ‘curtilage’, ‘site’, ‘homestead’.
Girl/Female
Indian
Fragrance
Girl/Female
Hebrew American
Captivating; knotted cord.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Raj Kiran | ராஜ கிரணÂ
King of Sun rays
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