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Drug used to killed microorganisms or stop their growth
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms (microbicide) or stops their growth (bacteriostatic agent). Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped
Antimicrobial
Resistance of microbes to drugs directed against them
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR or AR) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from antimicrobials, which are drugs used to treat infections
Antimicrobial_resistance
Efforts to promote antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) refers to coordinated efforts to promote the optimal use of antimicrobial agents, including drug choice, dose, route of
Antimicrobial_stewardship
Class of peptides that have antimicrobial activity
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life. Fundamental
Antimicrobial_peptides
Index of articles associated with the same name
Antimicrobial chemotherapy is the clinical application of antimicrobial agents to treat infectious diseases. There are five types of antimicrobial chemotherapy:[citation
Antimicrobial_chemotherapy
Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics is the relationship between the concentration of an antibiotic and its ability to inhibit vital processes of endo- or ectoparasites
Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics
Antimicrobial_pharmacodynamics
Antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance which is active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting
Antibiotic
Surface coated by antimicrobials to inhibit microbial growth
An antimicrobial surface is coated by an antimicrobial agent that inhibits the ability of microorganisms to grow on the surface of a material. Such surfaces
Antimicrobial_surface
Surfaces with antimicrobial copper coatings
Antimicrobial copper-alloy touch surfaces can prevent frequently touched surfaces from serving as reservoirs for the spread of pathogenic microbes. This
Antimicrobial copper-alloy touch surfaces
Antimicrobial_copper-alloy_touch_surfaces
Method of assessing antibiotics
The antimicrobial spectrum of an antibiotic means the range of microorganisms it can kill or inhibit. Antibiotics can be divided into broad-spectrum antibiotics
Antimicrobial_spectrum
Group of antimicrobial peptides in vertebrates
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) is an antimicrobial peptide encoded in the human by the CAMP gene. The active form is LL-37, a 37 amino acid
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
Cathelicidin_antimicrobial_peptide
Abilities of copper to kill or stop the growth of microorganisms
copper-nickel-zinc, and others) are natural antimicrobial materials. Ancient civilizations exploited the antimicrobial properties of copper long before the concept
Antimicrobial properties of copper
Antimicrobial_properties_of_copper
Academic journal
The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy is a peer-reviewed medical journal which covers antimicrobial chemotherapy, including laboratory aspects and
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Journal_of_Antimicrobial_Chemotherapy
Photochemical antimicrobial technology
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), also referred to as photodynamic inactivation (PDI), photodisinfection (PD), or photodynamic antimicrobial
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
Antimicrobial_photodynamic_therapy
Antimicrobials destroy bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, and other microbes. The cells of bacteria (prokaryotes), such as salmonella, differ from those
Antimicrobials_in_aquaculture
Medicinal locomotive lab
viruses are classified as antimicrobial agents. This class of polymers consists of natural polymers with inherent antimicrobial activity and polymers modified
Antimicrobial_polymer
Concentration of chemical that stops bacterial growth
Institute (CLSI), the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). The
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Minimum_inhibitory_concentration
infection. It was discovered in the 1960s, and was the standard topical antimicrobial for burn wounds for decades. However systemic reviews in 2014, 2017
Medical_uses_of_silver
Structurally nanoengineered antimicrobial polypeptide polymers (SNAPPs) are a type of artificially designed synthetic antimicrobial peptide. The development
Structurally nanoengineered antimicrobial polypeptide polymers
Structurally_nanoengineered_antimicrobial_polypeptide_polymers
Prevention of infections using antibiotics
refers to, for humans, the prevention of infection complications using antimicrobial therapy (most commonly antibiotics). Antibiotic prophylaxis in domestic
Antibiotic_prophylaxis
Psychiatric condition induced by antibiotics
Antibiomania, also known as antibiotic-induced mania or antimicrobial-induced mania, is a rare but serious idiosyncratic adverse reaction in which antibiotic
Antibiomania
Peptide found in bovines
Lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) is a beta-defensin found in bovine internal epithelial tissue, in particular, that of the digestive tract. It has
Lingual_antimicrobial_peptide
Species of plant
Coleus amboinicus is a species of semi-succulent perennial plant in the family Lamiaceae. It has a pungent oregano-like flavor and odor. Coleus amboinicus
Coleus_amboinicus
Scientific committee
Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) is a scientific committee for defining guidelines to interpret antimicrobial resistance. It
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
European_Committee_on_Antimicrobial_Susceptibility_Testing
Protein family
Amphibian antimicrobial peptides are a family of highly potent antimicrobial peptides with a large spectrum of activity, which are synthesized by vertebrates
Amphibian antimicrobial peptides
Amphibian_antimicrobial_peptides
Academic journal
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society for Microbiology. It covers antimicrobial
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Antimicrobial_Agents_and_Chemotherapy
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) directly kills about 1,600 people each year in Australia. This is a currently serious threat to both humans and animals
Antimicrobial resistance in Australia
Antimicrobial_resistance_in_Australia
Species of Gram-positive bacterium
aureus is one of the leading pathogens for deaths associated with antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, such as
Staphylococcus_aureus
Bacteria resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs
bacteria are bacteria that are resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs, making them hard to treat. MDR bacteria have seen an increase
Multidrug-resistant_bacteria
Pen designed to be affixed to a counter or table
A counter pen is a pen designed to be affixed to the counter or table of an institution, such as a bank or a post office, typically by a chain, ball chain
Counter_pen
Bacterium responsible for difficult-to-treat infections in humans
humans. It caused more than 100,000 deaths worldwide attributable to antimicrobial resistance in 2019. Strains unable to resist these antibiotics are classified
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus
Genus of bacteria
Bonnaure-Mallet M (April 2007). "Antimicrobial treatment of Capnocytophaga infections". International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 29 (4): 367–73. doi:10
Capnocytophaga
Fluoroquinolone antibiotic
those who are hypersensitive to any member of the quinolone class of antimicrobial agents Use by those who are diagnosed with myasthenia gravis, as muscle
Ciprofloxacin
measure the activity of defensins. It has since been applied to other antimicrobial peptides including LL-37. It utilizes a method of enumerating bacteria
Virtual_colony_count
Antimicrobial substance or compound
romanized: anti, lit. 'against' and σηπτικός, sēptikos, 'putrefactive') is an antimicrobial substance or compound that is applied to living tissue to reduce the
Antiseptic
Microbiology test used in medicine
failure of the instrument, temperature, moisture, and potency of the antimicrobial agent. Quality control (QC) testing helps to ensure the accuracy of
Antibiotic sensitivity testing
Antibiotic_sensitivity_testing
The respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system is a layered defense mechanism which relies on components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems
Respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system
Respiratory_tract_antimicrobial_defense_system
Parents of Conan O'Brien (1929/1931–2024)
in antimicrobial resistance; he was also the co-founder of the World Health Organization's Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance
Thomas Francis and Ruth Reardon O'Brien
Thomas_Francis_and_Ruth_Reardon_O'Brien
Measure of microorganism drug resistance
multiresistance is antimicrobial resistance shown by a species of microorganism to at least one antimicrobial drug in three or more antimicrobial categories.
Multiple_drug_resistance
Class of antimicrobials developed by Dow Corning in the 1970s
Silane-Quats are a class of antimicrobials developed by Dow Corning and first patented in the United States of America in February 1971 (U.S. Patent Number
Silane_quats
Academic journal
The International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents is a scientific journal published by the International Society of Chemotherapy since 1991. For 10 years
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
International_Journal_of_Antimicrobial_Agents
Medical discipline for preventing nosocomial or healthcare-associated infection
preventing the spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms such as MRSA. This in turn connects to the discipline of antimicrobial stewardship—limiting the
Infection prevention and control
Infection_prevention_and_control
Multilevel Antimicrobial Polymer or MAP-1 is a coating spray that was developed by researchers at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in
Multilevel Antimicrobial Polymer
Multilevel_Antimicrobial_Polymer
Dormant, persistent state of a bacterial population
subpopulations of cells that survive under lethal treatment, by being antimicrobial tolerant for example by entering a state of dormancy or quiescence.
Persister_cells
Plant species in the mint family
insecticide against adult moths. Spearmint has been used for its supposed antimicrobial activity, which may be related to carvone. Its in vitro antibacterial
Spearmint
Biological database
AMDD otherwise known as Antimicrobial Drug Database is a biological database that seeks to consolidate antibacterial and antifungal drug information from
Antimicrobial_Drug_Database
Surfactant and antiseptic agent
organic compounds, including drugs.[citation needed] Especially for its antimicrobial activity, benzalkonium chloride is an active ingredient in many consumer
Benzalkonium_chloride
Species of bacterium
(February 2010). "In vitro antimicrobial activity of silver-processed catheters for neurosurgery". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 65 (2): 258–65
Cutibacterium_acnes
Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2
coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on current evidence". International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 55 (6) 105948. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105948. PMC 7156162
COVID-19_pandemic
provided below. These bacteria have shown antibiotic resistance (or antimicrobial resistance). Clostridioides difficile is a nosocomial pathogen that
List of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
List_of_antibiotic-resistant_bacteria
Antibacterial drug
"Treatment of urinary tract infections in the era of antimicrobial resistance and new antimicrobial agents". Postgrad Med. 132 (3): 234–250. doi:10.1080/00325481
Nitrofurantoin
Species of scorpion
Hadrurus arizonensis, the giant desert hairy scorpion, giant hairy scorpion, or Arizona Desert hairy scorpion is a large scorpion found in North America
Hadrurus_arizonensis
Pharmaceutical microbiology is an applied branch of microbiology. It involves the study of microorganisms associated with the manufacture of pharmaceuticals
Pharmaceutical_microbiology
Species of tree
found to be significantly germicidal, and it was later shown to be antimicrobial. In the 1940s, Tarax was the first company to use B. citriodora oil
Backhousia_citriodora
Infection spread in hospitals or health care facilities
tract, bloodstream and other parts of the body. Many types display antimicrobial resistance, which can complicate treatment. In the UK about 300,000
Hospital-acquired_infection
Physiological damage to an organism
limiting fluid loss and the entry of pathogens. Many organisms secrete antimicrobial chemicals, which limit wound infection; animals have immune responses
Injury
Therapy based on clinical educated guesses
experience. Empiric antimicrobial therapy is directed against an anticipated and likely cause of infectious disease. It is used when antimicrobials are given to
Empiric_therapy
Class of antibacterial drugs, subgroup of quinolones
Jacobs M (2005). "Worldwide overview of antimicrobial Resistance.". International Symposium on Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance. Drugs. pp. 542–546
Quinolone_antibiotic
Species of centipede
rare amongst giant centipedes, and allows it to be kept communally. Antimicrobial activities of the identified compounds were reported against Gram-positive
Chinese_red-headed_centipede
Antimicrobial agent
mechanism of action to triclocarban. Its efficacy as an antimicrobial agent, the risk of antimicrobial resistance, and its possible role in disrupted hormonal
Triclosan
Antibiotic drug introduced in the 1910s
African trypanosomiasis. This organoarsenic compound was the first modern antimicrobial agent. Arsphenamine was first synthesized in 1907 in Paul Ehrlich's
Arsphenamine
Protein complex found in mammals
exist as S100A8/A9 heterodimers or heterotetramers (calprotectin) with antimicrobial, proinflammatory and prothrombotic properties. In the presence of calcium
Calprotectin
Chemical compound
through the catalytic oxidation of carvacrol. In vitro, carvacrol has antimicrobial activity against 25 different phytopathogenic bacteria and strains including:
Carvacrol
Mammalian protein found in humans
Beta-defensin 2 (BD-2) also known as skin-antimicrobial peptide 1 (SAP1) is a peptide that in humans is encoded by the genes DEFB4A and DEFB4B (defensin
Beta-defensin_2
Professional medical association
allied health professionals specializing in infectious diseases and antimicrobial stewardship. According to the Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties, clinical
Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists
Society_of_Infectious_Diseases_Pharmacists
Type of microbiology test
Epsilometer test) is a way of determining antimicrobial sensitivity by placing a strip impregnated with antimicrobials onto an agar plate. A strain of bacterium
Etest
Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
genomes to generate an antimicrobial resistance profile – analogous to antibiotic sensitivity testing – to facilitate antimicrobial stewardship and allow
Infection
Nonprofit research and development collaboration
The Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP) is a Swiss not-for-profit global health organization that aims to assist antibiotic drug
GARDP
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Hepcidin has strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli strain ML35P and Neisseria cinerea and weaker antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus
Hepcidin
Chemical compound
antiseptic, and anti-infective properties and it is used as a topical antimicrobial agent in first aid antiseptics. It is also found in cosmetics and toiletries
Benzethonium_chloride
infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 55 (12): 5430–5432. doi:10.1128/AAC.00706-11
List_of_antibiotics
Topical Antibiotic
injections. As of October 2008[update], the global problem of advancing antimicrobial resistance has led to a renewed interest in its use. Fusidic acid is
Fusidic_acid
Not-for-profit research initiative
The Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery (CO-ADD) is a not-for-profit initiative created in 2015 reaching out to chemists in academia and research
Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery
Community_for_Open_Antimicrobial_Drug_Discovery
Hallucinogenic class of psychoactive drug
hormones / Antithyroid agents infections and infestations (J, P, QI) Antimicrobials: Antibacterials (Antimycobacterials) Antifungals Antivirals Antiparasitics
Psychedelic_drug
Species of bacterium
Gram-positive cocci (previously Peptostreptococcus spp.)". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 54 (1): 240–242. doi:10.1093/jac/dkh270. ISSN 0305-7453
Finegoldia_magna
Scientific discipline
data-sharing systems. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical One Health food-safety issue. Non-therapeutic antimicrobial use in food-animal production
Food_safety
Use of biofilms to prevent microbe superbug mutation
Antimicrobial nanotechnology is the study of using biofilms to disrupt a microbe's cell membrane, deliver an electric charge to the microbe, and cause
Antimicrobial_nanotechnology
Class of pharmaceutical drugs
cephalosporins. Each newer generation has significantly greater Gram-negative antimicrobial properties than the preceding generation, in most cases with decreased
Cephalosporin
Culinary herb
rosmarinic acid, which is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, along with caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, are also present
Thyme
Medication used to treat a viral infection
effective against a wide range of viruses. Antiviral drugs are a class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial)
Antiviral_drug
English economist (born 1957)
2015 to September 2016. He chaired the UK's Independent Review into Antimicrobial Resistance from 2014 to 2016. He was the chairman of the Council of
Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of Gatley
Jim_O'Neill,_Baron_O'Neill_of_Gatley
British medical doctor (1934–2024)
he became Chairman of the first editorial board of the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. In the same year he was co-editor of the best seller book
Alasdair_Macintosh_Geddes
Genus of bacteria
Citrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped coliform bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Citrobacter spp. cause opportunistic infections
Citrobacter
British-based academic scientific society
The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) is a UK-based multi-professional organisation that works to prevent infectious diseases and
British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
British_Society_for_Antimicrobial_Chemotherapy
Chemical compound
Alexidine is an antimicrobial of the biguanide class. More specifically, it is a bisbiguanide. Barrios, Rocío; Ferrer-Luque, Carmen María; Arias-Moliz
Alexidine
Protein family
Multi-antimicrobial extrusion protein (MATE) also known as multidrug and toxin extrusion or multidrug and toxic compound extrusion is a family of proteins
Multi-antimicrobial extrusion protein
Multi-antimicrobial_extrusion_protein
Promoting health through informed choices
Quorum sensing Virulence Endotoxin Exotoxin Case fatality rate factors Antimicrobial resistance Drug resistance Horizontal gene transfer Multidrug-resistant
Public_health
Medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis, control and treatment of infections
Susceptibility tests are done by ID specialists to discover which antimicrobial drug would be most effective at killing the pathogen. Cultures can also
Infectious diseases (medical specialty)
Infectious_diseases_(medical_specialty)
Generative AI chatbot by OpenAI
Alex; Hope, William; Gerada, Alessandro (April 2023). "ChatGPT and antimicrobial advice: the end of the consulting infection doctor?". The Lancet Infectious
ChatGPT
This is a list of sulfonamides used in medicine. Short-acting Sulfacetamide Sulfadiazine Sulfadimidine Sulfafurazole (sulfisoxazole) Sulfisomidine (sulfaisodimidine)
List_of_sulfonamides
Antimicrobial chemical compounds derived from plants
Phytoncides are antimicrobial and insecticidal volatile organic compounds derived from plants. The word, which means "exterminated by the plant" (from
Phytoncide
Collaborative global initiative
pandemic of antimicrobial resistance Take joint action to preserve antimicrobial efficacy and ensure sustainable and equitable access to antimicrobials for responsible
One_Health
Chemical compound commonly used in antiseptics
Structural similarity Ascenzi JM (1996). "Chloroxylenol: an old-new antimicrobial". Handbook of disinfectants and antiseptics. New York: M. Dekker.
Chloroxylenol
Antibiotic medication
Isolated Gram-Positive Organisms: Report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 51 (4): 1491–1493. doi:10
Linezolid
Substance designed to prevent decomposition
modifying the pH level. The most commonly used antimicrobial preservative is lactic acid. Common antimicrobial preservatives are presented in the table. Nitrates
Preservative
Chemical compound with the formula AgCl
chloride nanoparticles are widely sold commercially as an antimicrobial agent. The antimicrobial activity of silver chloride depends on the particle size
Silver_chloride
American immunologist and dermatologist (born 1958)
Dermatology at the University of California, San Diego. He has worked on antimicrobial peptides in mammalian skin, links between innate immunity and skin diseases
Richard_Gallo
Polyatomic ions of the form N(–R)4 (charge +1)
applications including as antimicrobials (such as detergents and disinfectants), fabric softeners, and hair conditioners. As an antimicrobial, they are able to
Quaternary_ammonium_cation
Pharmaceutical compound
Maribeth Cousin, Kimberly Restivo, Chelsea Rodriguez, and Justin Lien. USP Antimicrobial Effectiveness Test (GLP). Elkhorn, WI: Geneva Laboratories. 2013. "Archived
Polyhexanide
efflux pump which is able to expel multiple different categories of antimicrobial drugs. Multidrug resistance pumps can thus confer multiple drug resistance
Multidrug_resistance_pump
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