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Political theory in international relations
Liberal intergovernmentalism is a political theory in international relations developed by Andrew Moravcsik in 1993 to explain European integration. The
Liberal_intergovernmentalism
Concept in international relations
Continentalism Functionalism (international relations) Intergovernmental organization Liberal intergovernmentalism Global citizenship Neofunctionalism Union for
Intergovernmentalism
Political theory
grounds, Intergovernmentalism is a theory on European integration which rejects the neofunctionalist mechanisms of integration. Intergovernmentalism is an
Neofunctionalism
International relations theory
Liberal institutionalism (or institutional liberalism or neoliberalism) is a theory of international relations that holds that international cooperation
Liberal_institutionalism
Professor of politics
international organizations and for developing the theory of liberal intergovernmentalism. Moravcsik is also a former policy-maker who currently serves
Andrew_Moravcsik
School of thought within international relations theory
so if there are more democracies, interstate war will be less frequent. Liberals believe that international institutions play a key role in cooperation
Liberalism (international relations)
Liberalism_(international_relations)
Politics as self-interested competition
within liberal societies, and depended on a fleeting period of unipolarity. For Mearsheimer, the difficulties of the liberal order stem from liberal overreach
Realism (international relations)
Realism_(international_relations)
Theory of international relations
Other major paradigms of international relations scholarship, such as liberal and constructivist approaches have criticized neorealist scholarship in
Neorealism (international relations)
Neorealism_(international_relations)
Study of geography's effects on politics
the 1930s–40s). Initially linked with communist party evolved to a less liberal approach. At the end of the 1980s he founded the Institut Français de Géopolitique
Geopolitics
American political scientist (born 1947)
work focuses on criticism of the "liberal international order" (laid down in his 2018 book The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities)
John_Mearsheimer
Transformation of a subject into a matter of state security
by definition, they seek to secure what exists–an unjust status quo." Liberal scholars such as Daniel Deudney have criticised securitization as being
Securitization (international relations)
Securitization_(international_relations)
International relations theory
theorists can typically be divided into two categories: liberal reformists and neo-Marxists. Liberal reformists typically advocate for targeted policy interventions
Dependency_theory
School of thought
issuing of the famous Fourteen Points. Wilson's idealism was a precursor to liberal international relations theory, the particular set of viewpoints arising
Idealism in international relations
Idealism_in_international_relations
Theory of international relations
School of international relations theory (sometimes also referred to as liberal realism, the international society school or the British institutionalists)
English school of international relations theory
English_school_of_international_relations_theory
Study of international relations from a theoretical perspective
International Politics (1979), which pioneered neorealism. Neoliberalism (or liberal institutionalism) became a prominent competitive framework to neorealism
International relations theory
International_relations_theory
Structural theory of international relations
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Defensive_realism
Social theory in international relations
community and generated vibrant scholarly discussions among realists, liberals, and constructivists. These scholars hold that research oriented around
Constructivism (international relations)
Constructivism_(international_relations)
Concept in international relations theory
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Absolute gain (international relations)
Absolute_gain_(international_relations)
Global justice theory
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Critical international relations theory
Critical_international_relations_theory
Structural theory of international relations
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Offensive_realism
American academic
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Robert_J._Art
Theory of international relations
Ernst B. Haas European Union Functional organization Human rights Intergovernmentalism International organization International relations theory Kofi Annan
Functionalism (international relations)
Functionalism_(international_relations)
Study of global economic governance
disproportionately depending on the national exchange rate policies that is chosen. The liberal view point generally has been strong in Western academia since it was first
International political economy
International_political_economy
Blend of Western Realism and Chinese historical concepts
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Chinese school of international relations
Chinese_school_of_international_relations
Disagreements between IR scholars
actual discussions of the time, and more about the marginalisation of liberal and normative thinking in international relations in the post-war period
Great Debates (international relations)
Great_Debates_(international_relations)
British political scientist
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Ken_Booth_(academic)
American political scientist
remains a liberal theorist, describing liberalism as "not the enemy of republican security theory, but its privileged... child". He believes the liberal democratic
Daniel_Deudney
1984 book by Robert Keohane
by Robert Keohane first published in 1984. It is a leading text in the liberal institutionalist international relations scholarship. The book challenges
After_Hegemony
enforcement, inherent among sovereign states, cooperation is difficult) and liberal institutionalists (pointing to the possibility of the decentralized enforcement
Relative gain (international relations)
Relative_gain_(international_relations)
American political scientist (born 1969)
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Ian_Bremmer
international relations theories are paradigms which reject the realist/liberal view of state conflict or cooperation, instead focusing on the economic
Marxist international relations theory
Marxist_international_relations_theory
American political scientist (born 1955)
a lot more sense than neoconservatives' fantasies of global primacy or liberal hawks' fondness for endless quasi-humanitarian efforts to reform whole
Stephen_Walt
Belief that human nature and state competitiveness dominate international relations
University Press, 2006) Sterling-Folker, Jennifer, 1997. "Realist Environment, Liberal Process, and Domestic-Level Variables". International Studies Quarterly
Neoclassical_realism
School of academic thought
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Copenhagen School (international relations)
Copenhagen_School_(international_relations)
Theory regarding international relations
Regime theory is a theory within international relations derived from the liberal tradition which argues that international institutions or regimes affect
Regime_theory
2001 book by John Mearsheimer
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
The Tragedy of Great Power Politics
The_Tragedy_of_Great_Power_Politics
Academic discipline
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Critical_security_studies
1959 book by Kenneth Waltz
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Man,_the_State,_and_War
American diplomat and politician (1923–2023)
in Buenos Aires, a very conservative Republican politician—by no means liberal or anything of the kind, began to report quite effectively about what was
Henry_Kissinger
Theory of international relations
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Hegemonic_stability_theory
Academic field of study in international politics
example, at the World Bank and the United Nations) is more reflective of the liberal feminist emphasis on equality of opportunity for women. In regards to feminism
Feminism in international relations
Feminism_in_international_relations
1992 article by Alexander Wendt
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Anarchy Is What States Make of It
Anarchy_Is_What_States_Make_of_It
International relations theory
with the executive branch of the government. Doyle requires (1) that "liberal regimes" have market or private property economics, (2) they have policies
Democratic_peace_theory
American political scientist (1937–2025)
Nye consistently wrote for Project Syndicate since 2002. Nye was a neo-liberal. In Nye's view, analysis of collective security systems requires consideration
Joseph_Nye
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Poststructuralism (international relations)
Poststructuralism_(international_relations)
American political scientist
relations; thus: "Much of the construction is at the domestic level, as Liberals have emphasized, and a complete theory of state identity needs to have
Alexander_Wendt
Australian academic
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Hedley_Bull
Process of integration of states in and around Europe
French President Charles De Gaulle in the 1960s. Intergovernmentalism and later, Liberal Intergovernmentalism, developed in the 1980s by Andrew Moravcsik focus
European_integration
1990 book by Cynthia Enloe
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Bananas,_Beaches_and_Bases
Theories of international relations
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Postpositivism (international relations)
Postpositivism_(international_relations)
Theory of international relations
idealist and utopian theories in international relations during the time. Liberal scholars at the time attributed conflict to poor social conditions and
Classical realism (international relations)
Classical_realism_(international_relations)
American academic and former diplomat
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Stephen_D._Krasner
Polish-American diplomat and political scientist (1928–2017)
tradition of Halford Mackinder and Nicholas J. Spykman, while elements of liberal idealism have also been identified in his outlook. Brzeziński was the primary
Zbigniew_Brzezinski
Ethics in International Relations
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
International_ethics
American academic
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Ted_Hopf
American political scientist (1904–1980)
Karkour, Haro L. "Illiberal and Irrational? Trump and the Challenge of Liberal Modernity in US Foreign Policy," International Relations, published online
Hans_Morgenthau
Ministerial position in the Federal Government of Canada
government. Key: Liberal Party of Canada Conservative Party of Canada As Minister responsible for Canada-U.S. Trade, Intergovernmental Affairs and One
Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs
Minister_of_Intergovernmental_Affairs
Political movement of former liberals that combines political and social conservatism
through military means. It began in the United States during the 1970s among liberal hawks who became disenchanted with the Democratic Party along with the
Neoconservatism
American political scientist (born 1954)
books After Victory (2001) and Liberal Leviathan (2011), he has been described as "the world's leading scholar of the liberal international order." After
John_Ikenberry
Critical theory approach to international relations
processes in the history that is told by IPE is reflective of the Western, liberal-modern worldview in which this scholarship is oriented. Historically, the
Postcolonial international relations
Postcolonial_international_relations
Industrialized/developed countries
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Core_countries
Concept in international relations theory
and neoliberal, and constructivist paradigms of international relations. Liberal theory disputes that anarchy is a fundamental condition of the international
Anarchy (international relations)
Anarchy_(international_relations)
British diplomat, historian, and writer (1892–1982)
Carr. They were initially Conservatives, but went over to supporting the Liberals in 1903 over the issue of free trade. When Joseph Chamberlain proclaimed
E._H._Carr
Unwanted escalation of interstate tensions
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Security_dilemma
Period of significant increase in migration
types of labor market policies matter? Andersson, Hans (2016). "Liberal Intergovernmentalism, spillover and supranational immigration policy". Cooperation
2015_European_migrant_crisis
American political scientist (1924–2013)
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Kenneth_Waltz
1946 book by Hans Morgenthau
exposition of a realist philosophy and a critique of a position he terms 'liberal rationalism'. Morgenthau argues that liberalism's belief in human reason
Scientific Man versus Power Politics
Scientific_Man_versus_Power_Politics
American international relations scholar
is an American international relations scholar who is a theorist of the liberal "democratic peace" and author of Liberalism and World Politics. He has
Michael_W._Doyle
American academic and author
whether the Marxist championing of class and economic relations, the liberal faith in democratic government, or the "scientific" theorizing of much
Kenneth_W._Thompson
Theory of international relations
Rationalist analyses have been used to substantiate realist theories, as well as liberal theories of international relations. Rational choice research tends to
Rationalism (international relations)
Rationalism_(international_relations)
American academic
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Robert_Keohane
Canadian politician (born 1967)
for Canada-U.S. Trade, Intergovernmental Affairs and One Canadian Economy, and Minister of Internal Trade. A member of the Liberal Party, LeBlanc is the
Dominic_LeBlanc
American political scientist
Political Economy (IPE), Gilpin's scholarship pushed back on claims made by liberal institutionalists such as Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye on the declining
Robert_Gilpin
International relations theory
the decades-old stalemate between the realist schools of thought and the liberal theories by historicizing the very theoretical foundations of the two streams
Neo-Gramscianism
Less developed, poorer countries
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Periphery_countries
Industrializing, low-income countries
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Semi-periphery_countries
Concept in international relations theory
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Regionalism (international relations)
Regionalism_(international_relations)
Aspect of International Relations theory
"reflectivism". Rationalists — including realists, neo-realists, liberals, neo-liberals, and scholars using game-theoretic or expected-utility models —
Reflectivism
Book by Alexander Wendt
shared ideas and norms in shaping state behaviour. It is critical of both liberal and realists approaches to the study of international relations which,
Social Theory of International Politics
Social_Theory_of_International_Politics
Environmental theory of international relations
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Green_theory
British political theorist (1923–1998)
inflexible, limited by territorial boundaries in a world of fragile intergovernmental co-operation; "Westfailure" is what she called Westphalia. Markets
Susan_Strange
German political scientist
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Klaus_Schlichte
Organization established by treaty between governments
U.N. activities on the environment. Politics portal World portal Intergovernmentalism International financial institutions International organisations
International_organization
potential cartel phenomena has a long tradition: John Atkinson Hobson, a left-liberal British economist, suggested between 1902 and 1938, imperial antagonisms
State_cartel_theory
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Strategic_realism
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Postinternationalism
Theory of European integration
previous two main theories of European integration—neofunctionalism and intergovernmentalism—as they could not explain critical aspects of European integration
Postfunctionalism
International relations theory
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Feminist_constructivism
Ontological debate
Critical security studies Critical theory English School Intergovernmentalism (liberal intergovernmentalism) International political economy Feminism Green theory
Rationalist–constructivist debate
Rationalist–constructivist_debate
International relations theory
013.287. ISBN 978-0-19-022863-7. Mousseau, Michael (2021). "The liberal peace". In McLaughlin, Sara; Vasquez, John A. (eds.). What do we know about
Territorial_peace_theory
From February 26 to March 9, 2025, members of the Liberal Party of Canada voted on a successor for Justin Trudeau after he announced his intent to resign
2025 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election
2025_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election
The leader of the Liberal Party of Canada (French: chef du Parti libéral du Canada) is the highest political office of the Liberal Party of Canada. The
Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada
Leader_of_the_Liberal_Party_of_Canada
EU's supranational institutions are limited.» Intergovernmentalism, Intergovernmental organization Liberal institutionalism New Medievalism Supranational
Transgovernmentalism
Canadian cabinet position
The minister responsible for Canada-U.S. trade, intergovernmental affairs and one Canadian economy is a minister of the Crown with a multi-role portfolio
Minister responsible for Canada-U.S. Trade, Intergovernmental Affairs and One Canadian Economy
Minister_responsible_for_Canada-U.S._Trade,_Intergovernmental_Affairs_and_One_Canadian_Economy
Canadian politician and diplomat (born 1955)
of the Opposition and leader of the Liberal Party from 2006 to 2008. He served in cabinets as intergovernmental affairs minister (1996–2003), environment
Stéphane_Dion
Government of Canada since 2025
resignation of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Carney's victory in the Liberal leadership contest over former Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland
30th_Canadian_Ministry
Canadian politician and journalist (born 1968)
tenth deputy prime minister of Canada from 2019 to 2024. A member of the Liberal Party, she was first elected as the member of Parliament (MP) for Toronto
Chrystia_Freeland
Government of the United Kingdom (2010–2015)
Liberal Democrats. The Cabinet was made up of sixteen Conservatives and five Liberal Democrats, with eight other Conservatives and one other Liberal Democrat
Cameron–Clegg_coalition
Campaign for a federal Europe
their names to the list of those fighting against nationalism and intergovernmentalism. By supporting the aims and principles laid out in the manifesto
Spinelli_Group
Climate scientist
John Raymond Christy is a climate scientist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) whose chief interests are satellite remote sensing of global
John_Christy
LIBERAL INTERGOVERNMENTALISM
LIBERAL INTERGOVERNMENTALISM
Boy/Male
Tamil
Generous, **, Liberal
Boy/Male
Muslim
Generous. Liberal.
Girl/Female
Latin
Liberty.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Liberal
Boy/Male
Muslim American
Locust. Liberal.
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, from Latin libertas, LIBERTY means "freedom."
Boy/Male
Arabic
Liberal
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Liberal
Boy/Male
Muslim
Liberal donor
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Liberal
Boy/Male
Muslim
Liberal, Eternal
Boy/Male
Muslim
Liberal, Free
Girl/Female
Australian, Italian, Latin
Liberty
Male
Yiddish
 Variant spelling of Yiddish Lieber, LIBER means "beloved." Compare with another form of Liber.
Boy/Male
Indian
Liberal, Eternal
Boy/Male
Muslim
Generous. Liberal.
Boy/Male
Indian
Liberal, Eternal
Boy/Male
Indian
Liberal, Free
Boy/Male
Arabic
Liberal
Boy/Male
Muslim
Liberal, Eternal
LIBERAL INTERGOVERNMENTALISM
LIBERAL INTERGOVERNMENTALISM
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit, Telugu
Lighting the Ceremonial Fire; Sister of Hiranyakashipu
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an agent derivative of Middle English (e)spi(en) ‘to watch’, hence an occupational name for a lookout or watchman, or a nickname for a nosy person.Scottish : variant spelling of Spear.German : nickname for a small person, from Middle Low German spīr ‘trifle’, ‘small piece’.German : habitational name from any of several places named Spier, notably the city in the Palatinate, now spelled Speyer (see Speyer, Spiering).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Spiro.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Manifests in infinite varieties, Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
Tamil
In Hindu traditional calender Dashami means its th day
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Gold; Wealthy
Male
Egyptian
, an Asian.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Lord of Victory; Always Winner; Intelligent
Girl/Female
Hindu
Name of a Raga
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Tamil Girl
LIBERAL INTERGOVERNMENTALISM
LIBERAL INTERGOVERNMENTALISM
LIBERAL INTERGOVERNMENTALISM
LIBERAL INTERGOVERNMENTALISM
LIBERAL INTERGOVERNMENTALISM
a.
Bestowed in a large way; hence, more than sufficient; abundant; bountiful; ample; profuse; as, a liberal gift; a liberal discharge of matter or of water.
a.
Giving a strict or literal construction; unimaginative; matter-of fast; -- applied to persons.
a.
Directed to the side; as, a lateral view of a thing.
n.
One who favors greater freedom in political or religious matters; an opponent of the established systems; a reformer; in English politics, a member of the Liberal party, so called. Cf. Whig.
a.
Free by birth; hence, befitting a freeman or gentleman; refined; noble; independent; free; not servile or mean; as, a liberal ancestry; a liberal spirit; liberal arts or studies.
a.
According to the letter or verbal expression; real; not figurative or metaphorical; as, the literal meaning of a phrase.
a.
Composed of lines; delineated; as, lineal designs.
a.
Not well authorized or elegant; as, illiberal words in Latin.
a.
Not strict or rigorous; not confined or restricted to the literal sense; free; as, a liberal translation of a classic, or a liberal construction of law or of language.
adv.
In a liberal manner.
a.
Bestowing in a large and noble way, as a freeman; generous; bounteous; open-handed; as, a liberal giver.
pl.
of Libra
a.
Not bound by orthodox tenets or established forms in political or religious philosophy; independent in opinion; not conservative; friendly to great freedom in the constitution or administration of government; having tendency toward democratic or republican, as distinguished from monarchical or aristocratic, forms; as, liberal thinkers; liberal Christians; the Liberal party.
a.
To release from restraint or bondage; to set at liberty; to free; to manumit; to disengage; as, to liberate a slave or prisoner; to liberate the mind from prejudice; to liberate gases.
a.
Of or pertaining to minerals; consisting of a mineral or of minerals; as, a mineral substance.
a.
Impregnated with minerals; as, mineral waters.
a.
Not liberal; not free or generous; close; niggardly; mean; sordid.
n.
Literal meaning.
a.
Of or pertaining to the sides; as, the lateral walls of a house; the lateral branches of a tree.