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Aspect of International Relations theory
Reflectivism is an umbrella label used in International Relations theory for a range of theoretical approaches which oppose rational-choice accounts of
Reflectivism
English theoretical physicist (1942–2018)
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Stephen_Hawking
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Vladimir_Lenin
American political scientist (born 1947)
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
John_Mearsheimer
Politics as self-interested competition
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Realism (international relations)
Realism_(international_relations)
Ontological debate
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Rationalist–constructivist debate
Rationalist–constructivist_debate
Theory of international relations
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Classical realism (international relations)
Classical_realism_(international_relations)
Unscientific claims presented as scientific
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Pseudoscience
International relations theory
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Dependency_theory
Industrializing, low-income countries
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Semi-periphery_countries
International relations theory
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Liberal_institutionalism
Theory of international relations
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Hegemonic_stability_theory
American academic and author
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Kenneth_W._Thompson
American diplomat and politician (1923–2023)
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Henry_Kissinger
German philosopher, economist and socialist (1833–1921)
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Eugen_Dühring
Property of a statement that can be logically contradicted
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Falsifiability
Unwanted escalation of interstate tensions
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Security_dilemma
1959 book by Karl Popper
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
The Logic of Scientific Discovery
The_Logic_of_Scientific_Discovery
Academic field of study in international politics
is grouped in the broad category of theoretical approaches known as reflectivism, representing a divergence from approaches adhering to a rationalist
Feminism in international relations
Feminism_in_international_relations
Approach to social philosophy
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Critical_theory
Theory of international relations
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Neorealism (international relations)
Neorealism_(international_relations)
Branch of science that studies society and its relationships
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Social_science
Idea that knowledge comes only/mainly from sensory experience
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Empiricism
2001 book by John Mearsheimer
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
The Tragedy of Great Power Politics
The_Tragedy_of_Great_Power_Politics
Intellectual current and methodological approach in the social science
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Structuralism
German social philosopher (1929–2026)
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Jürgen_Habermas
Philosophical theory
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Holism
American political scientist (born 1955)
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Stephen_Walt
French sociologist (1858–1917)
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Émile_Durkheim
French philosopher, mathematician and sociologist (1798–1857)
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Auguste_Comte
Transformation of a subject into a matter of state security
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Securitization (international relations)
Securitization_(international_relations)
Question of whether inductive reasoning leads to definitive knowledge
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Problem_of_induction
Study of geography's effects on politics
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Geopolitics
Type of attempt to uncover truths
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Objectivity_(science)
Study of international relations from a theoretical perspective
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
International relations theory
International_relations_theory
Austrian–British philosopher of science (1902–1994)
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Karl_Popper
American philosopher and logician (1908–2000)
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Willard_Van_Orman_Quine
Position in the philosophy of science
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Instrumentalism
Material supporting an assertion
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Evidence
Social theory in international relations
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Constructivism (international relations)
Constructivism_(international_relations)
Two geometries based on axioms closely related to those specifying Euclidean geometry
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Non-Euclidean_geometry
School of academic thought
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Copenhagen School (international relations)
Copenhagen_School_(international_relations)
School of thought
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Idealism in international relations
Idealism_in_international_relations
1992 article by Alexander Wendt
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Anarchy Is What States Make of It
Anarchy_Is_What_States_Make_of_It
School of thought within international relations theory
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Liberalism (international relations)
Liberalism_(international_relations)
Structural theory of international relations
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Offensive_realism
Cultural and artistic movement
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Modernism
Sociological theory of society
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Structural_functionalism
Concept in international relations
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Intergovernmentalism
Awareness of facts, or competency
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Knowledge
British diplomat, historian, and writer (1892–1982)
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
E._H._Carr
American philosopher (1922–1996)
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Thomas_Kuhn
Structural theory of international relations
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Defensive_realism
English historian & activist (1924–1993)
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
E._P._Thompson
Making of satisfactory, not optimal, decisions
1007/s11633-008-0063-6. S2CID 9769519. Byrd, Nick (2025). Strategic Reflectivism in Intelligent Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. arXiv:2505
Bounded_rationality
American political scientist (1937–2025)
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Joseph_Nye
Concept in epistemology
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Justification_(epistemology)
British political scientist
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Ken_Booth_(academic)
American political scientist (1904–1980)
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Hans_Morgenthau
French philosopher
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Gaston_Bachelard
Russian physician, philosopher, and revolutionary (1873–1928)
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Alexander_Bogdanov
Book by Alexander Wendt
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Social Theory of International Politics
Social_Theory_of_International_Politics
Part of the process of research design
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Operationalization
1924–1936 group of philosophers and scientists
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Vienna_Circle
Philosophical terms used by Windelband
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Nomothetic_and_idiographic
1959 book by Kenneth Waltz
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Man,_the_State,_and_War
American political scientist
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Alexander_Wendt
Theory of international relations
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Functionalism (international relations)
Functionalism_(international_relations)
Czech physicist, philosopher and university educator (1838–1916)
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Ernst_Mach
1990s dispute in philosophy of science
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Science_wars
Less developed, poorer countries
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Periphery_countries
1990 book by Cynthia Enloe
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Bananas,_Beaches_and_Bases
German sociologist, jurist, and political economist (1864–1920)
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Max_Weber
Psychological theory of how thought can arise in two different ways
Retrieved October 23, 2018. Byrd, Nick (24 December 2021). "Bounded reflectivism and epistemic identity". Metaphilosophy. 53: 53–69. doi:10.1111/meta
Dual_process_theory
Processing personal/social information
University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-06475-1. Byrd, Nick (2022). "Bounded reflectivism and epistemic identity". Metaphilosophy. 53: 53–69. doi:10.1111/meta
Motivated_reasoning
School of thought of philosophy of law and jurisprudence
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Legal_positivism
1984 book by Robert Keohane
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
After_Hegemony
British political theorist (1923–1998)
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Susan_Strange
Belief that human nature and state competitiveness dominate international relations
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Neoclassical_realism
Study of global economic governance
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
International political economy
International_political_economy
Polish-American diplomat and political scientist (1928–2017)
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Zbigniew_Brzezinski
German philosopher (1833–1911)
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Wilhelm_Dilthey
Theoretical stance in social science
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Antipositivism
Political movement of former liberals that combines political and social conservatism
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Neoconservatism
English philosopher (1910–1989)
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
A._J._Ayer
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Relative gain (international relations)
Relative_gain_(international_relations)
American political scientist (born 1969)
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Ian_Bremmer
Movement in Western philosophy
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Logical_positivism
1909 book by Vladimir Lenin
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Materialism and Empirio-criticism
Materialism_and_Empirio-criticism
Social science conception of understanding and relation
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Verstehen
Approach in political science
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Behavioralism
Australian academic
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Hedley_Bull
Ancient Greek word for a type of wisdom or intelligence
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Phronesis
American academic and former diplomat
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Stephen_D._Krasner
American academic
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
Ted_Hopf
Philosophical and social theory critical of traditional humanism
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Antihumanism
Form of research
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Qualitative_research
Empiricist philosophical theory
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Positivism
Theory of international relations
of international relations Classifications Postpositivism Rationalism Reflectivism "Great Debates" Inter-paradigm debate Other approaches International
English school of international relations theory
English_school_of_international_relations_theory
Epistemological philosophy advanced by Karl Popper
science Humanities Metaphysics Methodological dualism Problem of induction Reflectivism Related paradigm shifts in the history of science Non-Euclidean geometry
Critical_rationalism
REFLECTIVISM
REFLECTIVISM
REFLECTIVISM
REFLECTIVISM
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
Legend Name; Famous Spear
Female
German
German equivalent of Anglo-Saxon Ælfþryð, ELFRIEDE means "elfin strength."Â
Female
German
Variant spelling of Old High German Adalheid, ADELHEIT means "noble sort."
Boy/Male
English
Gentle. Famous Bearer: Clement Moore, writer of 'Twas the Night Before Christmas'.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Nearest
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Rajasthani, Tamil, Telugu
Engrossed
Boy/Male
Indian
Lord of Man
Boy/Male
Arabic, Celebrity, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Parsi, Punjabi, Sikh, Traditional
Brave; Valiant; Bold
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Continuer
Girl/Female
Arabic
Justice; Joy; Lucky
REFLECTIVISM
REFLECTIVISM
REFLECTIVISM
REFLECTIVISM
REFLECTIVISM