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Tungusic language of eastern Manchuria
The Jurchen language (Chinese: 女真語; pinyin: Nǚzhēn yǔ) was the Tungusic language of the Jurchen people of eastern Manchuria, the rulers of the Jin dynasty
Jurchen_language
Chinese-based script for Jurchen
The Jurchen script (Jurchen: [dʒu ʃə bitxə]; Chinese: 女真文) was the writing system used to write the Jurchen language, the language of the Jurchen people
Jurchen_script
Tungusic-speaking people in East Asia
Jurchen (Manchu: ᠵᡠᡧᡝᠨ, romanized: Jušen, [dʒuʃən]; Chinese: 女真, romanized: Nǚzhēn, [nỳ.ʈʂə́n]) were a number of East Asian Tungusic-speaking people.
Jurchen_people
Critically endangered Tungusic language
harmony. It has been demonstrated that it is derived mainly from the Jurchen language though there are many loan words from Mongolian and Chinese. Its script
Manchu_language
Language family of Siberia and Manchuria
Tungusic languages, by speaker Xibe (55.0%) Evenki (29.0%) Even (10.4%) Others (5.58%) Alexander Vovin notes that Manchu and Jurchen are aberrant languages within
Tungusic_languages
Former ethnic group
considered for merging. › The Jianzhou Jurchens (Chinese: 建州女真) were one of the three major groups of Jurchens as identified by the Ming dynasty. Although
Jianzhou_Jurchens
Jurchen-led imperial dynasty of China
a Jurchen-led imperial dynasty of China and empire ruled by the Wanyan clan that existed between 1115 and 1234. It is also often called the Jurchen dynasty
Jin_dynasty_(1115–1234)
Topics referred to by the same term
Jurchen may refer to: Jurchen people, Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria until the 17th century Haixi Jurchens, a grouping of the Jurchens
Jurchen
Chinese characters: The Jurchens (Manchu ancestors) – Jurchen language – Jurchen script The Khitans (Mongolic people) – Khitan language – Khitan large and
Languages_of_China
The list of Jurchen inscriptions comprises a list of the corpus of known inscriptions written in the Jurchen language using the Jurchen script. There
List_of_Jurchen_inscriptions
1583–1619 unification of the Jurchen tribes
The Jurchen unification was a series of events in the late 16th and early 17th centuries that led to the unification of the Jurchen tribes under the Jianzhou
Jurchen_unification
Emperor of Jin China from 1161 to 1189
classics had become available in Jurchen. Early in his reign, Emperor Shizong chose 3,000 Jurchen men to study the Jurchen language. In 1173, the state started
Emperor_Shizong_of_Jin
Official language of Mongolia
language", a term also used by other non-Han dynasties to refer to their languages such as the Manchu language during the Qing dynasty, the Jurchen language
Mongolian_language
East Asian ethnic group
Tungusic languages and can be reconstructed to Proto-Tungusic *mamgo 'lower Amur, large river'. The Manchus are descended from the Jurchen people who
Manchu_people
Emperor of Jin from 1115 to 1123
Wade-Giles; the alternative spelling Akutta (possibly from reconstruction of Jurchen language) appears in a very small number of books as well. Aguda was an eighth-generation
Emperor_Taizu_of_Jin
Capital of Heilongjiang, China
city's name. The city government says the name means "swan" in the Jurchen language, and other sources say that it comes from a Manchu word meaning "a
Harbin
Para-Mongolic extinct language
dynasties in China to refer to their languages like Manchu of the Qing, Classical Mongolian during the Yuan dynasty, Jurchen during the Jin, and Xianbei during
Khitan_language
Scribe
particularly known as the creator of the first writing system for the Jurchen language. Consort Zheng (正妃 元妃烏古論氏), of the Wugulun clan Consort Li (李次妃 李氏;
Wanyan_Xiyin
to 1234, the Jurchen language became the first written Tungusic language. Stelae in Manchuria and Korea record writings in the Jurchen script. This script
Evolution_of_languages
Extinct Sino-Tibetan language
Gyalrongic languages Tangutology List of Tangutologists Jurchen language Beaudouin, Mathieu (September 14, 2023). "Tangut and Horpa languages: Some shared
Tangut_language
Ming dynasty administrative unit in Manchuria
Nurgan City (modern-day Tyr, Russia). Nurgan ( nu ru (g)ə(n)) in the Jurchen language means "painting". The seat was nominally established in 1409, but was
Nurgan Regional Military Commission
Nurgan_Regional_Military_Commission
Alphabet used to write the Manchu language
Jianzhou Jurchens (1593–1618) and his son subsequently renamed the consolidated tribes as the "Manchu". Throughout this period, the Jurchen language evolved
Manchu_alphabet
Founding khan of the Later Jin dynasty
founding khan of the Jurchen-led Later Jin dynasty. As leader of the Aisin Gioro clan, Nurhaci reorganized and united various Jurchen tribes (the later "Manchu")
Nurhaci
Sino-Tibetan language
After the fall of the Northern Song dynasty and subsequent reign of the Jurchen Jin and Mongol Yuan dynasties in northern China, a common speech (now called
Chinese_language
Chinese linguist of Manchu ethnicity (born 1958)
Manchu ethnicity who is known for her studies of the Manchu, Jurchen and Khitan languages and scripts. She is also known as a historian of the Liao and
Aisin-Gioro_Ulhicun
1125–1234 Jurchen campaigns in China
series of conflicts between the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115–1234) and the Han-led Song dynasty (960–1279). In 1115, Jurchen tribes rebelled against their
Jin–Song_wars
Places of worship for Japanese Buddhists
and is cognate with the Modern Korean Chǒl from Middle Korean Tiel, the Jurchen Taira and the reconstructed Old Chinese *dɘiaʁ, all meaning "Buddhist monastery"
Buddhist_temples_in_Japan
Chinese historian and linguist
known for his studies of the Manchu and Jurchen languages. His works include the first modern dictionary of Jurchen (1984), various books about the Manchu
Jin_Qicong
Chinese linguist
linguist of Manchu ethnicity who is known for his studies of the Jurchen and Khitan languages and scripts. Jin was a sixth generation descendant of the Qianlong
Jin_Guangping
Social movement
lifestyle to classify people as Jurchen or Nikan. Jurchen were those who lived Jurchen lifestyle, used the Jurchen language, and inhabited the original territory
De-Sinicization
Qing dynasty Chinese system
and assimilated with the Jurchens were known as transfrontiermen. They adopted Jurchen culture, spoke the Jurchen language, and became part of the Manchu
Identity_in_the_Eight_Banners
of those languages. Qianlong identified the Solon language with the Khitan, the Manchu language with the Jurchen, and the Mongolian language with the
Transcription into Chinese characters
Transcription_into_Chinese_characters
Australian linguist (1948–2021)
and one of the world's foremost authorities on the extinct Jurchen and Khitan languages and their scripts. Daniel Kane was born in January 1948 in Melbourne
Daniel_Kane_(linguist)
Tungusic language subgroup
Jurchenic languages (also known as the Manchuric languages) form a subgroup of Tungusic languages of northeastern China. Jurchenic languages Jurchen Manchu
Jurchenic_languages
1619 Later Jin–Ming battles
unified the Jurchen people, excluding the Yehe, and took a hostile attitude towards the Ming for favoritism and meddling in the affairs of the Jurchen tribes
Battle_of_Sarhū
Chinese-based script for Khitan language
with the Jurchen script and, in 1191, suppressed by imperial order. There are no surviving examples of printed texts in the Khitan language, and aside
Khitan_large_script
Jurchen-led dynasty in Manchuria
alphabet. The Later Jin, officially known as Jin or the Great Jin, was a Jurchen-led royal dynasty of China and a khanate ruled by the House of Aisin-Gioro
Later_Jin_(1616–1636)
Exonymic term applied by Han Chinese to an ethnic group or groups
The Wild Jurchens (Chinese: 野人女真) or Haidong Jurchens (Chinese: 海東女真) were a group of the Tungusic peoples in Northeast Asia identified by the Ming dynasty
Wild_Jurchens
10th-17th century wars in East Asia
The Korean–Jurchen border conflicts were a series of conflicts from the 10th century to the 17th century between the Korean states of Goryeo and Joseon
Korean–Jurchen border conflicts
Korean–Jurchen_border_conflicts
Fashion in the Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
the Five dynasties period, the Mohe people started to be referred as the Jurchen people (Chinese: 女真; pinyin: Nǚzhēn), they were referred as such by the
Fashion in the Jurchen Jin dynasty
Fashion_in_the_Jurchen_Jin_dynasty
List of characters from the novel Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils by Jin Yong
a Jurchen tribe. Sidalin (斯達林) is the deputy chief of the tribe. Xu Zhuocheng (許卓誠) is a Han Chinese trader who is fluent in the Jurchen language. He
List of Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils characters
List_of_Demi-Gods_and_Semi-Devils_characters
14th–19th century Korean army
defended the southern regions. The army was best known for fending off the Jurchen raids and conquering the Korean Peninsula. However, Joseon's neo-Confucianism
Joseon_Army
Former ethnic group
The Haixi Jurchens (Chinese: 海西女真) were a grouping of the Jurchens as identified by the Chinese of the Ming dynasty. They inhabited an area that consists
Haixi_Jurchens
Geographical region in Northeast Asia
Jianzhou Jurchen chieftain, Nurhaci (1558–1626), started to unify Jurchen tribes of the region. Over the next several decades, the Jurchen took control
Manchuria
Prefecture in ancient China
revive Jurchen language and culture, spent a year in Shangjing from 1184-85, greatly enjoying hunting, traditional dancing, and speaking in Jurchen. Ruins
Huiningfu
examination conducted in the Jurchen language, with a focus on political writings and poetry. Graduates of the Jurchen examination were called "treatise
Administration of territory in dynastic China
Administration_of_territory_in_dynastic_China
German sinologist and ethnographer
ethnographer. He is particularly known for his work on Tungusic languages and the Jurchen language. Grube was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia in 1855. He studied
Wilhelm_Grube
Korean dynasty (918–1392)
several clashes with the Jurchens, usually resulting in Jurchen victory with their mounted cavalrymen. In 1104, the Wanyan Jurchens reached Chongju while
Goryeo
Ethnic Jurchens in northeastern Korea
(Korean: 재가승; Hanja: 在家僧; lit. 'monks who live in houses') were descendants of Jurchen people who lived in northeastern Korea. They formed villages of married
Jaegaseung
Card used for playing various card games
Turkic, Mongolian, and Jurchen languages. Wilkinson postulated that the cups may have been derived from inverting the Chinese and Jurchen ideogram for "myriad"
Playing_card
Convergence zone and proposed language family
first to publish the inscriptions. The first Tungusic language to be attested is Jurchen, the language of the ancestors of the Manchus. A writing system for
Altaic_languages
Chinese scholarly institution (708–1911)
ambassadors and trained foreign language specialists. It included departments for many languages such as the Jurchen, "Tartar" (Mongol), Korean, Ryukyuan
Hanlin_Academy
Civil service examination system in Imperial China
examination conducted in the Jurchen language, with a focus on political writings and poetry. Graduates of the Jurchen examination were called "treatise
Imperial_examination
History of the Korean Language. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-66189-8. Gisaburo N. Kiyose, A Study of the Jurchen Language and Script: Reconstruction
List_of_ancestor_languages
Qing dynasty history book
of corrections of transcribed Jurchen language words found in the History of Jin in Chapter 135, using the Manchu language to correct them, in Chapter 18
Researches_on_Manchu_Origins
Ming Dynasty stele
女真語言文字研究 [Study of Jurchen Language and Script]. Wenwu Chubaneshe. pp. 355–376. Kiyose, Gisaburō Norikura (1977). A Study of the Jurchen Language and Script:
Yongning_Temple_Stele
semiotics Grube, Wilhelm (Germany, 1855–1908), Tungusic languages, Nivkh language, Jurchen language Grønnum, Nina (Denmark, 1945–), intonation of Danish
List_of_linguists
Chinese historical text
Histories, which details the history of the Jin dynasty founded by the Jurchens in northern China. It was compiled by the Yuan dynasty historian and minister
History_of_Jin
Traditional Manchu clothing
wealthy Jurchen used pearls and golds as ornaments. Jurchen women braided their hair and wound them into a hair bun without wearing a hat. The Jurchen wove
Qizhuang
Nomadic people who founded the Liao dynasty in China
systems for their language: Khitan small script and Khitan large script. After the fall of the Liao dynasty in 1125 following the Jurchen invasion, many
Khitan_people
Clan of the Heishui Mohe tribe
"civilized Jurchens" (熟女真). The Wanyan clan later founded the Jin dynasty. The Wanyan surname for the Jurchen imperial family is found in numerous languages in
Wanyan
Emperor of Jin from 1189 to 1208
the Jurchen language and promotion of Jurchen customs. He forbade wearing of Han Chinese clothes and required his subjects to perform the Jurchen kowtow
Emperor_Zhangzong_of_Jin
Níkān Wàilán, ? - 1587) was a Jurchen leader affiliated with the Ming dynasty and a rival of Nurhaci. In the Jurchen language, Nikan Wailan means "secretary
Nikan_Wailan
extinct language may be narrowly defined as a language with no native speakers and no descendant languages. Under this definition, a language becomes
List of languages by time of extinction
List_of_languages_by_time_of_extinction
Southern Tungusic language
Southern Tungusic languages, but its exact position within Jurchenic remains to be determined. Bala is more closely related to Jurchen than it is to Manchu
Bala_language_(China)
Language family
northeastern dialects, and is sometimes considered a separate language. When King Sejong drove the Jurchen from what is now the northernmost part of North Hamgyong
Koreanic_languages
This is a list of languages arranged by age of the oldest existing text recording a complete sentence in the language. It does not include undeciphered
List of languages by first written account
List_of_languages_by_first_written_account
Speculated language of ancient Goguryeo
in Jurchen and Manchu, and argued that the Goguryeo language was the ancestor of Koreanic, and spread southwards to replace the Japonic languages of the
Goguryeo_language
King of Joseon from 1455 to 1468
during his reign, he reformed administration, led campaigns against the Jurchens, revised land laws, promoted literature, and established court music. His
Sejo_of_Joseon
Manchu-led dynasty of China (1644–1912)
Nurhaci, leader of the Jianzhou Jurchens and House of Aisin-Gioro who was also a vassal of the Ming dynasty, unified Jurchen clans (known later as Manchus)
Qing_dynasty
Former empire in East Asia
collapse of the Yuan dynasty in 1368 and lasted until its conquest by the Jurchen-led Later Jin dynasty in 1635, which was later renamed as the Qing dynasty
Northern_Yuan
7th-10th century kingdom in East Asia
the Parhae elite spoke a Koreanic language, which has had a lasting impact on Khitan, Jurchen and Manchu languages. However, he also believes that the
Parhae
Ethnolinguistic group
expanding Manchu (Jurchen). Their language is mutually intelligible with Manchu. The Nanai (Goldi) are also derived from the Jurchen. The Orok (Ulta) are
Tungusic_peoples
2002-04-20 at the Wayback Machine (Remarks about the ethnonym "Jurchens" and the term "Jurchen language") (in Russian) Quotes: "наименование «дючеры» русских документов
Duchers
Chinese characters used in Korean writing
alternatively spelled Hancha, are Chinese characters used to write the Korean language. After characters were introduced to Korea to write Literary Chinese, they
Hanja
Chinese-based script for Khitan language
be in use to some extent by the Jurchens for several decades after the fall of the Liao dynasty, until the Jurchens fully switched to a script of their
Khitan_small_script
Hairstyle worn by the Jurchen and Manchu peoples of Manchuria
A queue or cue is a hairstyle historically worn by the Jurchen and Manchu peoples of Manchuria, and was later required to be worn by male subjects of
Queue_(hairstyle)
Goryeo government official
Jurchens on Goryeo's northeastern border. In 1104, after the defeat of the Goryeo army led by Im Kan (임간; 林幹) to the forces of the Eastern Jurchens,
Ch'ŏk_Chun'gyŏng
Ming dynasty explorer and diplomat (1409–1451)
Ishiha/I-shih-ha; also rendered as Išiqa and Isiha; Jurchen: i ʃï xa) (fl. 1409–1451), sinicized name Yi Xin (易信), was a Jurchen eunuch of the Ming dynasty of China.
Yishiha
Manchu clan and imperial house of Qing Dynasty
the Aisin Gioro clan served as chiefs of the Jianzhou Jurchens, one of the three major Jurchen tribes at this time. Qing bannermen passed through the
House_of_Aisin_Gioro
1211–1234 campaign in northern China
known as the Mongol–Jin War, was fought between the Mongol Empire and the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in Manchuria and North China. The war, which started in
Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty
Mongol_conquest_of_the_Jin_dynasty
1019 invasion of northern Kyūshū by Jurchen pirates
(Japanese: 刀伊の入寇, Hepburn: Toi no nyūkō) was the invasion of northern Kyushu by Jurchen pirates in 1019. Toi (되, twoy) meant "barbarian" in Middle Korean. The
Toi_invasion
This is a timeline of the Jurchens. Timeline of the Song dynasty Timeline of the Ming dynasty Timeline of the Tanguts Timeline of the Khitans Wang 2013
Timeline_of_the_Jurchens
Form of a language used in written literature
island) is changing. Standard Manchu was based on the language spoken by the Jianzhou Jurchens during Nurhaci's time, while other unwritten Manchu dialects
Literary_language
Divergent northern Korean dialect
extensive state promotion of the North Korean standard language. The Jaegaseung, descendants of Jurchen people who lived in the Tumen River valley, spoke Yukjin
Yukjin_Korean
Jurchen tribal confederacy
While the Hūlun people were mostly of Jurchen origin, they had been heavily influenced by the Mongol language and culture, and intermarried with the
Hūlun
Chieftain of the Jurchen Wanyan tribe
Shilu was a chieftain of the Wanyan tribe, the most dominant among the Jurchen tribes which later founded the Jin dynasty (1115–1234). He was the eldest
Shilu_(Jurchen)
Ancient languages of northeast Asia
Goguryeo words, which appear to have Korean etymologies. The Jurchen and Manchu languages contain loanwords that appear to be Korean; Alexander Vovin proposes
Puyŏ_languages
Jin dynasty general
(1080–1136), Jurchen name Nianhan, posthumous name Prince Huanzhong of Qin (秦桓忠王), was a noble and military general of China's Jurchen-led Jin dynasty
Wanyan_Zonghan
linguist. He knew English, Italian, French, Spanish, Latin, Russian, Chinese, Jurchen, Khitan, and Esperanto. J. Jayalalithaa (1948–2016), Indian politician
List_of_polyglots
Emperor of China from 1127 to 1162
in the capital of Bianjing (the modern day Kaifeng) when it fell to the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in 1127 during the beginning of the Jin-Song Wars. Narrowly
Emperor_Gaozong_of_Song
script – Khitan Jurchen script – Jurchen Tangut script – Tangut Sui script – Sui language Yi (classical) – various Yi/Lolo languages Pau Cin Hau logographic
List_of_writing_systems
Ancient ethnic group who lived in Northeast Asia
would have been Tungusic languages. The Heishui Mohe are commonly thought as being direct ancestors to the 12th century Jurchens. The Tang documented the
Mohe_people
King of Joseon from 1418 to 1450
were applied on Jurchen trade missions to Joseon. Such trade was intended to provide Jurchens economic alternatives to raiding. Jurchens that aided Joseon
Sejong_the_Great
Jurchen chieftain and father of Nurhaci
pinyin: Tǎkèshì; 1543–1583), or posthumously titled as Emperor Xuan, was a Jurchen chieftain and father of Nurhaci, founder of the Later Jin dynasty, and
Taksi
Khitan-led dynasty of China (916–1125)
state to control all of Manchuria. The Liao dynasty was destroyed by the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in 1125 with the capture of the Emperor Tianzuo of Liao
Liao_dynasty
Topics referred to by the same term
Ghana; see List of universities in Ghana Jurchen language, the 12th and 13th century ancestor of the Manchu language of China, by ISO 639 code Jalandhar City
JUC
Russian ethnic group
who inhabited Manchuria as "Jurchens" and during the Ming dynasty categorized them into three groups. The Jianzhou Jurchens, who would go on to create
Taz_people
the military force of an imperial dynasty of China, founded by rulers of Jurchen origin, that ruled over northern China between 1115 and 1234. In Empire
Military of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Military_of_the_Jin_dynasty_(1115–1234)
Topics referred to by the same term
Wanyan Wushi (完颜兀室 or 完颜悟室; ?-1140), a Jurchen minister and inventor of the Jurchen large-character script Wushi language in Cameroon Wushi oil field in South
Wushi
JURCHEN LANGUAGE
JURCHEN LANGUAGE
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German : from a short form of the personal name Matthias (see Matthew) or any of its many cognates, for example Norman French Maheu.English, French, Dutch, and German : from a nickname or personal name taken from the month of May (Middle English, Old French mai, Middle High German meie, from Latin Maius (mensis), from Maia, a minor Roman goddess of fertility). This name was sometimes bestowed on someone born or baptized in the month of May; it was also used to refer to someone of a sunny disposition, or who had some anecdotal connection with the month of May, such as owing a feudal obligation then.English : nickname from Middle English may ‘young man or woman’.Irish (Connacht and Midlands) : when not of English origin (see 1–3 above), this is an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Miadhaigh ‘descendant of Miadhach’, a personal name or byname meaning ‘honorable’, ‘proud’.French : habitational name from any of various places called May or Le May.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name from Mayen, a place in western Germany.Americanized spelling of cognates of 1 in various European languages, for example Swedish Ma(i)j.Chinese : possibly a variant of Mei 1, although this spelling occurs more often for the given name than for the surname.Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware Bay, is named after the Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen May.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
God's Consciousness
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and German
English, French, and German : from the vernacular form of the Hebrew personal name Yehuda ‘Judah’ (of unknown meaning). In the Bible, this is the name of Jacob’s eldest son. It was not a popular name among Christians in medieval Europe, because of the associations it had with Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Christ for thirty pieces of silver. Among Jews, however, the Hebrew name and its reflexes in various Jewish languages (such as Yiddish Yude) have been popular for generations, and have given rise to many Jewish surnames.French : name for a Jew, Old French jude (Latin Iudaeus, Greek Ioudaios, from Hebrew Yehudi ‘member of the tribe of Judah’).English : from a pet form of Jordan.
Male
Celtic
, the arch boy, urchin, or sprite.
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from Latin Marcus, the personal name of St. Mark the Evangelist, author of the second Gospel. The name was borne also by a number of other early Christian saints. Marcus was an old Roman name, of uncertain (possibly non-Italic) etymology; it may have some connection with the name of the war god Mars. Compare Martin. The personal name was not as popular in England in the Middle Ages as it was on the Continent, especially in Italy, where the evangelist became the patron of Venice and the Venetian Republic, and was allegedly buried at Aquileia. As an American family name, this has absorbed cognate and similar names from other European languages, including Greek Markos and Slavic Marek.English, German, and Dutch (van der Mark) : topographic name for someone who lived on a boundary between two districts, from Middle English merke, Middle High German marc, Middle Dutch marke, merke, all meaning ‘borderland’. The German term also denotes an area of fenced-off land (see Marker 5) and, like the English word, is embodied in various place names which have given rise to habitational names.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Marck, Pas-de-Calais.German : from Marko, a short form of any of the Germanic compound personal names formed with mark ‘borderland’ as the first element, for example Markwardt.Americanization or shortened form of any of several like-sounding Jewish or Slavic surnames (see for example Markow, Markowitz, Markovich).Irish (northeastern Ulster) : probably a short form of Markey (when not of English origin).
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc.
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc. : from the Latin personal name Lucas (Greek Loukas) ‘man from Lucania’. Lucania is a region of southern Italy thought to have been named in ancient times with a word meaning ‘bright’ or ‘shining’. Compare Lucio. The Christian name owed its enormous popularity throughout Europe in the Middle Ages to St. Luke the Evangelist, hence the development of this surname and many vernacular derivatives in most of the languages of Europe. Compare Luke. This is also found as an Americanized form of Greek Loukas.Scottish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Lùcais (see McLucas).As a French name Lucas has been recorded in Canada since 1653, taken to Trois Rivières, Quebec, by one Lucas-Lépine from Normandy.
Surname or Lastname
English and French (Léonard)
English and French (Léonard) : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements leo ‘lion’ (a late addition to the vocabulary of Germanic name elements, taken from Latin) + hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’, which was taken to England by the Normans. A saint of this name, who is supposed to have lived in the 6th century, but about whom nothing is known except for a largely fictional life dating from half a millennium later, was popular throughout Europe in the early Middle Ages and was regarded as the patron of peasants and horses.Irish (Fermanagh) : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Mac Giolla Fhionáin or of Langan.Americanized form of Italian Leonardo or cognate forms in other European languages.The French Léonard family were at Château Richer, Quebec, by 1698, having come from Maine, France.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the female personal name Elizabeth. Compare Hibbs 2.English : nickname for someone with very fair hair or skin, from Middle English, Old English lilie ‘lily’ (Latin lilium). The Italian equivalent Giglio was used as a personal name in the Middle Ages. In English and other languages there has also been some confusion with forms of Giles.English : habitational name from places called Lilley, in Hertfordshire and Berkshire. The Hertfordshire place was named in Old English as ‘flax-glade’, from līn ‘flax’ + lēah ‘woodland clearing’. The Berkshire name is from Old English Lillinglēah ‘wood associated with Lilla’, an Old English personal name.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a Latinist, a clerk who wrote documents in Latin, from Anglo-Norman French latinier, latim(m)ier. Latin was more or less the universal language of official documents in the Middle Ages, displaced only gradually by the vernacular—in England, by Anglo-Norman French at first, and eventually by English.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Bircher.
Boy/Male
German
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Greek, Latin, Swedish
Farmer; German Form of George; Earth-worker
Surname or Lastname
English and Welsh
English and Welsh : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Jon(e) (see John). The surname is especially common in Wales and southern central England. In North America this name has absorbed various cognate and like-sounding surnames from other languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
One who Remains Aware of Guru's Word
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from the Middle English personal name Ma(t)thew, vernacular form of the Greek New Testament name Matthias, Matthaios, which is ultimately from the Hebrew personal name Matityahu ‘gift of God’. This was taken into Latin as Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus respectively, the former being used for the twelfth apostle (who replaced Judas Iscariot) and the latter for the author of the first Gospel. In many European languages this distinction is reflected in different surname forms. The commonest vernacular forms of the personal name, including English Matthew, Old French Matheu, Spanish Mateo, Italian Matteo, Portuguese Mateus, Catalan and Occitan Mateu are generally derived from the form Matthaeus. The American surname Matthew has also absorbed European cognates from other languages, including Greek Mathias and Mattheos.It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the U.S. is used as a family name among families from southern India.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the male personal name Manasseh, Hebrew Menashe ‘one who causes to forget’ (see Manasse), borne in the Middle Ages by Christians as well as by Jews. Hebrew Menashe and its reflexes in other Jewish languages have always been popular among Jews.English : occupational name for someone who made handles for agricultural and domestic implements, from an agent derivative of Anglo-Norman French mance ‘handle’ (Old French manche, Late Latin manicus, a derivative of manus ‘hand’).
Male
German
German form Hebrew Yehowyakiyn, JOCHEN means "God establishes."
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English : habitational name from Ludwick Hall in Bishops Hatfield, Hertfordshire, probably named from the Old English personal name Luda + Old English wÄ«c ‘outlying (dairy) farm’.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : status name or occupational name from Middle English, Old French maresc(h)al ‘marshal’. The term is of Germanic origin (compare Old High German marah ‘horse’, ‘mare’ + scalc ‘servant’). Originally it denoted a man who looked after horses, but by the heyday of medieval surname formation it denoted on the one hand one of the most important servants in a great household (in the royal household a high official of state, one with military responsibilities), and on the other a humble shoeing smith or farrier. It was also an occupational name for a medieval court officer responsible for the custody of prisoners. An even wider range of meanings is found in some other languages: compare for example Polish Marszałek (see Marszalek). The surname is also borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.As the fourth chief justice of the U.S., John Marshall (1755–1835) was the principal architect in consolidating and defining the powers of the Supreme Court. He was a descendant of John Marshall of Ireland, who settled in Culpeper Co., VA, sometime before 1655.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Matthew. In North America, this form has assimilated numerous vernacular derivatives in other languages of Latin Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus.Irish (Ulster and County Louth) : used as an Americanized form of McMahon.
JURCHEN LANGUAGE
JURCHEN LANGUAGE
Girl/Female
German, Spanish
Manly; Strong as Man; Female Version of Charles; Womanly
Boy/Male
Teutonic American Native American English German
Lion.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil
Bright Flower; Black; Dark Blue
Girl/Female
Indian
Lady
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam
Sweet Hearted
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord of devotees
Male
Hebrew
(×™Ö°×”ï‹×©×ָפָט) Hebrew name YEHOWSHAPHAT means "God has judged" or "whom God judges." In the bible, this is the name of many characters, including a king of Judah. Jehoshaphat is the Anglicized form.
Boy/Male
German Swedish
Protected by God.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, French
Law Enforcer; Bailiff; Steward; In the Middle Ages a Bailiff was a Minor Officer of the Law; Administrator
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
God Gift
JURCHEN LANGUAGE
JURCHEN LANGUAGE
JURCHEN LANGUAGE
JURCHEN LANGUAGE
JURCHEN LANGUAGE
a.
Of or pertaining to the larch.
n.
Alt. of Huchen
pl.
of Juryman
a.
Of or relating to birch.
imp. & p. p.
of Lurch
a.
Birchen; as, birken groves.
n.
A sea urchin. See Sea urchin.
n.
A glutton; a gormandizer.
n.
One of a mongrel breed of dogs said to have been a cross between the sheep dog, greyhound, and spaniel. It hunts game silently, by scent, and is often used by poachers.
a.
Of or pertaining to the birch; birchen.
n.
The huchen, a large salmon.
n.
Any edible sea urchin.
n. & v. t.
See Burden.
n.
A lurcher.
pl.
of Bursch
n.
One that lurches or lies in wait; one who watches to pilfer, or to betray or entrap; a poacher.
n.
A little elf or urchin.
n.
The urchin, or hedgehog.