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German historian (1908–1999)
Fritz Fischer (5 March 1908 – 1 December 1999) was a German historian best known for his analysis of the causes of World War I. In the early 1960s Fischer
Fritz_Fischer_(historian)
Topics referred to by the same term
Fritz Fischer may refer to: Fritz Fischer (historian) (1908–1999), German historian Fritz Fischer (medical doctor) (1912–2003), Waffen-SS doctor Fritz
Fritz_Fischer
1961 book by Fritz Fischer
World-Power: Imperial Germany's War Aims 1914–1918') is a book by German historian Fritz Fischer. It is one of the leading contributions to historical analysis
Germany's Aims in the First World War
Germany's_Aims_in_the_First_World_War
Surname list
Friedrich Fischer (disambiguation) Fritz Fischer (disambiguation) Georg Fischer (disambiguation) George Fischer (disambiguation) Gerhard Fischer (disambiguation)
Fischer
SPA Conference
Charles I of Austria Wilhelm II Salzburg negotiations Fritz Fischer (historian) The historian Pierre Renouvin defines the Quadruple as the central powers
Spa Conferences (First World War)
Spa_Conferences_(First_World_War)
German Marxist historian
Fritz Klein, Jr. (11 July 1924, Berlin – 26 May 2011, Berlin) was a German Marxist historian specializing in the German Empire and debates on the Empire's
Fritz_Klein_(historian)
Book by Fritz Fischer
1914 is a book by German historian Fritz Fischer, first published in German in 1969 as Krieg der Illusionen. Along with Fischer's Germany's Aims in the First
War_of_Illusions
Hans Fischböck Eugen Fischer Franz Joseph Emil Fischer Fritz Fischer (historian) Fritz Fischer (medical doctor) Ludwig Fischer Josef Fitzthum Hans Fleischhacker
List_of_Nazis_(F–K)
Area of study on origins of 1914–1918 conflict
those who focus on a wider group of actors. Meanwhile, some historians, such as Fritz Fischer, maintain that Germany deliberately sought war while others
Historiography of the causes of World War I
Historiography_of_the_causes_of_World_War_I
conservative historian and patriot Gerhard Ritter. Fischer's ideas were welcomed by historians in communist East Germany where Fritz Klein considered Fischer's views
Historiography_of_Germany
American fantasy, horror, and SF writer (1910–1992)
Fritz Reuter Leiber Jr. (/ˈlaɪbər/ LY-bər; December 24, 1910 – September 5, 1992) was an American writer of fantasy, horror, and science fiction. Fritz
Fritz_Leiber
Plan of German territorial expansion
Septemberprogramm gained great notoriety after it was discovered by historian Fritz Fischer, who wrote that it was based on the Lebensraum philosophy as well
Septemberprogramm
German historian (1925–1989)
Andreas Fritz Hillgruber (18 January 1925 – 8 May 1989) was a conservative German historian who was influential as a military and diplomatic historian who
Andreas_Hillgruber
German businessman (1873–1951)
Friedrich "Fritz" Thyssen (9 November 1873 – 8 February 1951) was a German businessman, born into one of Germany's leading industrial families. He was
Fritz_Thyssen
left the government largely free to do as it wished. Some historians, such as Fritz Fischer, have theorized that the First World War was partly a result
1912_German_federal_election
Chat show on ZDF
Assmann, religion scholar and cultural historian "Vom Nutzen und Nachteil guter Manieren", 29 April 2007, guests: Fritz J. Raddatz, journalist, and Asfa-Wossen
Das_Philosophische_Quartett
Aspect of the history of Nazi Germany
spiraling events of World War II, along with his second book. Fritz Fischer, a Continentalist historian who has done extensive work on German history, claims
Nazi_foreign_policy_debate
literary critic Ernst Guhl (1818–1862), art historian Gregor Gysi (1948–), German politician and lawyer Fritz Haber (1868–1934), chemist, Nobel Prize for
List of Humboldt University of Berlin people
List_of_Humboldt_University_of_Berlin_people
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924
Various historians and biographers have characterised Lenin's administration as a police state, and many have described Lenin as a dictator. Fischer noted
Vladimir_Lenin
ancient, especially economic David Hackett Fischer (born 1935), American Revolution, cycles Fritz Fischer (1908–1999), Germany Frances FitzGerald (born
List_of_historians
1933 document signed by German academics
historian), Karl Feist (Göttinger pharmacist), Friedrich Feld (Berlin), Rainer Fetscher (Dresden geneticist), Fritz Fichtner (Dresden art historian)
Vow_of_allegiance_of_the_Professors_of_the_German_Universities_and_High-Schools_to_Adolf_Hitler_and_the_National_Socialistic_State
German historian (1888–1967)
the end of his career, he argued against theories of the German historian Fritz Fischer. Ritter became an honorary member of the American Historical Association
Gerhard_Ritter
Jörg Faerber (1929–2022), conductor Wolfgang Kermer (born 1935), art historian, art pedagogue Veronika Bayer (1940–2008), actress Eberhard Weber (born
List_of_people_from_Stuttgart
Disadvantage in a game due to obligation to move
studies. Fischer vs. Taimanov, 1971, game 2 Some zugzwang positions occurred in the second game of the 1971 candidates match between Bobby Fischer and Mark
Zugzwang
Craig (1913–2005) Richard J. Evans (born 1947) Joachim Fest (1926–2006) Fritz Fischer (1908–1999) Luise Gerbing (1855–1927), history of Thuringia Deborah
List of historians by area of study
List_of_historians_by_area_of_study
Austrian award
writer; Lise Meitner, physicist 1969: Anny Felbermayer, soprano 1971: Fritz Wotruba, architect and artist 1972: Elias Canetti, writer 1974: Gottfried
Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
Austrian_Decoration_for_Science_and_Art
American historian
Francis Paul "Fritz" Jennings (1918 – November 17, 2000) was an American historian, best known for his works on the colonial history of the United States
Francis_Jennings
Polish-German botanist (1844–1912)
Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Band 8. V&R unipress, 2016 (hdl.handle.net). Strasburger, Eduard; Fritz Noll; Heinrich Schenck; Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper (1898). A Text-book
Eduard_Strasburger
History of international relations between States
historian Fritz Fischer published Griff nach der Weltmacht, which established that Germany had caused the First World War led to the fierce "Fischer Controversy"
Diplomatic_history
Conference carried out after World War I
of German and Austro-Hungarian war aims, referred to by German historian Fritz Fischer as the "Vienna directives", proposing a new program of war aims
Vienna Conference (October 1917)
Vienna_Conference_(October_1917)
German journalist, historian and social scientist (born 1947)
was a visiting professor for interdisciplinary Holocaust research at the Fritz Bauer Institut in Frankfurt am Main, and from 2012–13 at the Institute for
Götz_Aly
continental drift, came to Greenland with his friend and fellow meteorologist Fritz Loewe, who was Jewish. Loewe got frostbite while trying to reach the center
History of the Jews in Greenland
History_of_the_Jews_in_Greenland
Unusually bad move in chess
black pawn on f4 is about to fall. Fischer played the blunder 30...Nd6?? cutting the game short. After 31.Nxd6, Fischer resigned because 31...Qxd6 32.Nxb7
Blunder_(chess)
in May 1915. Historians have vigorously debated Germany's role. One line of interpretation, promoted by German historian Fritz Fischer in the 1960s,
German_entry_into_World_War_I
SS officer and psychiatrist (1902–1964)
Werner Heyde (aka Fritz Sawade) (25 April 1902 – 13 February 1964) was a German psychiatrist. He was one of the main organizers of Nazi Germany's Aktion
Werner_Heyde
German historian (born 1964)
Benjamin Ziemann (born 1964 in Berlin) is a German historian who lectures at the University of Sheffield. Since 2011, he has been Professor of Modern
Benjamin_Ziemann
Theodor Ritter von Sickel Historian Merano 1904 Hermann Emil Fischer Chemist Berlin 1904 François-Auguste Baron Gevaert Music historian and composer City of
List of recipients of the Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts
List_of_recipients_of_the_Pour_le_Mérite_for_Sciences_and_Arts
Catholic church in Zurich
of the additions was the frescoes and mosaics in the choir designed by Fritz Kunz [de], which stands between late Nazarene realism and a strict hierarchical
Liebfrauenkirche,_Zurich
Debate about the German responsibility in World War I
The war guilt debate motivated historians such as Hans Delbrück, Wolfgang J. Mommsen, Gerhard Hirschfeld, and Fritz Fischer, but also a much wider circle
War_guilt_question
British historian (born 1947)
between the Vietnam War and German imperialism. He admired the work of Fritz Fischer, whom he credits with inspiring him to study modern German history.
Richard_J._Evans
U.S. Founding Father and president from 1789 to 1797
that his character has been the most scrutinized by historians. The historian David Hackett Fischer defined Washington's character as "integrity, self-discipline
George_Washington
German historian (1885–1947)
History Vol. 26, No. 1 (Mar., 1954), p. 55, n. 29. Frederick A. Hale, 'Fritz Fischer and the Historiography of World War One', The History Teacher, Vol.
Veit_Valentin
Theory in German historiography
and Pol Pot and Stalin on the other. Starting in the 1960s, historians such as Fritz Fischer and Hans-Ulrich Wehler argued that unlike France and Britain
Sonderweg
German communist activist and historian
Württemberg. Since the Spartacus League in Stuttgart under the leadership of Fritz Rück [de] and August Thalheimer refused to take part in the government,
Albert_Schreiner
Belarusian-American rocket scientist Fritz Tillmann (1910–1986), actor Erwin Walter Palm (1910–1988), scholar, historian, and writer Richard Plant (1910–1998)
List_of_people_from_Frankfurt
Strategy meeting during World War I
the Eastern Front, then in the Ober Ost from August 17, 1914. Historians Fritz Fischer and Jean-Yves Le Naour portray him as an indolent old man, with
Berlin Conference (December 6–7, 1917)
Berlin_Conference_(December_6–7,_1917)
City in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
1898–1910: August Craemer 1910–1915: Richard Glum 1917–1937: Fritz Eckert 1937–1941: Fritz Grüttgen 1943–1945: Peter Linden 1945–1946: Otto Maiweg 1946:
Moers
German association of craftsmen
Petrus Berlage Richard Berndl Johann Michael Bossard Raymund Brachmann Fritz August Breuhaus de Groot Bazon Brock Ulrich Böhme Max Burchartz Charles
Deutscher_Werkbund
Male given name
Fischer (1852–1919), German chemist Emil Fischer (American football executive) (1887–1958), American businessman and football executive Emil Fischer (bass)
Emil_(given_name)
NATO command post exercise in 1983
literal "ash heap of history". Central Intelligence Agency historian Benjamin B. Fischer lists several concrete occurrences that likely led to the birth
Able_Archer_83
2012 film by Steven Spielberg
Spielberg & Kathleen Kennedy: Eye on the Oscars: Best Picture". Variety. Fritz, Ben (April 10, 2012). "DreamWorks Studios stays alive with new $200-million
Lincoln_(film)
German historian (1848–1929)
seizing Slavic territory that belonged to them. The controversialist Fritz Fischer argued that they were socialists forcing extremists into the hands of
Hans_Delbrück
Overview of Germany's handling with science and technology
promoting international exchange of scientists and students) The Fritz Thyssen Stiftung, 'Fritz Thyssen Foundation' supports young scientists and research projects
Science and technology in Germany
Science_and_technology_in_Germany
1912 informal conference of German military leaders; important step towards WWI
meeting. In the continuing debate on the causes of World War I, historians like Fritz Fischer, John C. G. Röhl and Pierre Renouvin consider the conference
German Imperial War Council of 8 December 1912
German_Imperial_War_Council_of_8_December_1912
Austrian actor and cultural historian (1878–1938)
in Heidelberg University to study under the historian of philosophy and follower of Hegel, Kuno Fischer. Also in 1899, he came of age and accepted his
Egon_Friedell
German art historian and biographer
Liselotte von Reinken (9 August 1911 – 18 August 2005) was a German historian, biographer of Wilhelm Groener and Paula Modersohn-Becker. She also worked
Liselotte_von_Reinken
German youth movement
under the responsibility of Karl Fischer, now Großbachant. But after a new leadership crisis emerged in 1905, Fischer left both the movement and Germany
Wandervogel
1945 suicide of German dictator
pp. 154–155. Fischer 2008, p. 47. Joachimsthaler 1999, p. 162. Fest 2004, p. 116. Joachimsthaler 1999, pp. 155, 162, 175–176. Fischer 2008, pp. 47–48
Death_of_Adolf_Hitler
(Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch, 1985). Krysmanski, "Menzel continues to idealise the king’s nose", in Does Hogarth Depict Old Fritz Truthfully with
Portraits of Frederick the Great
Portraits_of_Frederick_the_Great
was promoted by the German historian Fritz Fischer from the 1960s onwards but is no longer accepted by mainstream historians. One of the key drivers of
Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I
Austro-Hungarian_entry_into_World_War_I
Political party in Germany (1919–1946/1956)
them Hugo Eberlein, Heinz Neumann, Hermann Remmele, Hans Kippenberger, Fritz Schulte and Hermann Schubert, or sent to the gulag, like Margarete Buber-Neumann
Communist_Party_of_Germany
Events leading to World War I in 1914
Serbia, Germany's leaders knew the risks of a general war. As historian Fritz Fischer pointed out, this could be proven by Jagow's request to know the
July_Crisis
Dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945
Second Class. During the war, he was saved by his commanding officer, Fritz Wiedemann, who pulled Hitler out of the rubble of a collapsed building while
Adolf_Hitler
Classical record producer from England
Katchen; conductors including Karl Böhm, Sir Adrian Boult, Pierre Monteux, Fritz Reiner, and George Szell; and singers such as Carlo Bergonzi, Jussi Björling
John_Culshaw
German police official and head of the Gestapo (1900–c.1945)
34, 38. Breitman & Goda 2010, p. 38. Grunberger 1993, p. 99. Fischer 1995, p. 334. Fritz 2011, p. 454. Naftali et al. 2016. Breitman, Goda & Brown 2005
Heinrich_Müller_(Gestapo)
Nazi SS doctor at Auschwitz (1911–1979)
obtained a false clearance certificate under the name "Fritz Ulmann", which he later altered to read "Fritz Hollmann". After several months on the run (including
Josef_Mengele
Gymnasium school in Stuttgart, Germany
cultural events. The school has multiple well-known graduates, including Fritz Bauer, Loriot and Claus von Stauffenberg. The building is currently undergoing
Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium
German historian (born 1961)
World War II during the war against the Soviet Union. Historian Christoph Dieckmann of the Fritz Bauer Institute, a center on the history and impact of
Jörg_Baberowski
German painter
Vietzkerstrand (Pomerania) emerged during a first major phase of the "Thin and Fischer pictures", 1934–1936, also large-scale pen and ink drawings, the so-called
Ernst_Wilhelm_Nay
German national-conservative movement during the Weimar Republic (1918–1933)
cultural spirit of the bourgeoisie and modernity. Plunged into what historian Fritz Stern has named a deep "cultural despair", uprooted as they felt within
Conservative_Revolution
2004 film by Oliver Hirschbiegel
1940. He strongly denied the accusations against him, and told historian Thomas Fischer that he never issued any orders to take or execute English prisoners
Downfall_(2004_film)
German concept of Central Europe
Fischer Controversy, the War Origins Debate and France: A non-history of Cambridge, Journal of Contemporary History (London 2010), pp. 363–375 Fritz Fischer
Mitteleuropa
German nuclear chemist and Nobel laureate (1879–1968)
isomerism, and pioneered rubidium–strontium dating. In 1938, Hahn, Meitner and Fritz Strassmann discovered nuclear fission, for which Hahn alone was awarded
Otto_Hahn
American filmmaker (born 1957)
Minneapolis. Their mother, Rena (née Neumann; 1925–2001), was an art historian at St. Cloud State University, and their father, Edward Coen (1919–2012)
Ethan_Coen
Nazi German spy ring in the U.S. during World War II
of 33 members of a Nazi German espionage network, headed by Frederick "Fritz" Duquesne, were convicted after a lengthy investigation by the Federal Bureau
Duquesne_Spy_Ring
Fraenkel-Conrat, biochemist Egon Franke, fencer Zecharias Frankel, historian Gustav Freytag, writer Fritz von Friedlaender-Fuld; de (1858–1917), industrialist Johnny
List_of_people_from_Silesia
German jurist, economist, and resistance fighter in Nazi Germany (1901–1942)
industrial economist and labor historian John R. Commons, and saw him as a mentor. In 1926, Harnack met American literary historian Mildred Fish, also a graduate
Arvid_Harnack
Aspect of WWII history
Papers, edited by the British journalist and historian B. H. Liddell Hart, the former Wehrmacht officer Fritz Bayerlein, who served on Rommel's staff in
Rommel_myth
Nationalist and antisemitic federation in Weimar Germany
Wilhelm Ohnesorge Otto Rasch Friedrich Ringshausen Alfred Roth Bernhard Rust Fritz Sauckel Wilhelm Schepmann Franz Xaver Schwarz Franz Schwede Wolfram Sievers
Deutschvölkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund
Deutschvölkischer_Schutz-_und_Trutzbund
highest echelons of power." According to German historian Fritz Fischer (1967) and Austrian historian Manfried Rauchensteiner (1993), the acquisition
Causes_of_World_War_I
1980 German film directed by Ted Post
starring Jaclyn Smith, Mike Connors, James Franciscus, Robert Mitchum, Fritz Weaver, and Sybil Danning. It follows the wife of a corrupt Phoenix, Arizona
Nightkill
Organization promoting the memory of Joyce's stay in Zürich
the basis of the private collection of the eminent Swiss Joycean scholar Fritz Senn, who was the Foundation's permanent head until 2022, it is an archive
Zurich_James_Joyce_Foundation
Prussian statesman and politician Friedrich Ancillon (1767–1837), Prussian historian and statesman Adolf Heinrich von Arnim-Boitzenburg (1803–1868), statesman
List_of_people_from_Berlin
By German intellectuals in support of World War I
von Gebhardt, painter Jan Jakob Maria de Groot, Sinologist and historian of religion Fritz Haber, chemist: received the 1918 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for
Manifesto_of_the_Ninety-Three
German musicologist
Friedrich Herzfeld (also Fritz Herzfeld) (17 June 1897 – 19 September 1967) was a German Kapellmeister, musicologist and music critic. Born in Dresden
Friedrich_Herzfeld
American filmmaker (born 1954)
September 21, 1957. Their mother, Rena (née Neumann; 1925–2001), was an art historian at St. Cloud State University, and their father, Edward Coen (1919–2012)
Joel_Coen
19th-century German historian and promoter of Scientific Racism
ˈmaɪ̯nɐs]; 31 July 1747 – 1 May 1810) was a German racialist, philosopher, historian, and writer born in Warstade. He supported the polygenist theory of human
Christoph_Meiners
German historian (1930–2004)
interpretation of German history. Echoing the views of Hans-Ulrich Wehler and Fritz Fischer, he argued that 19th-century Germany was only partially modernized,
Wolfgang_Mommsen
1919–1932 investigation in Germany
issues. As a counterpart, the war historian Hans Delbrück was commissioned to provide another expert opinion. Fischer-Baling considered it a surprise that
Reichstag inquiry into guilt for World War I
Reichstag_inquiry_into_guilt_for_World_War_I
English historian (1906–1990)
popular imagination but in foreign affairs a normal German leader. Citing Fritz Fischer, he argued that the foreign policy of Nazi Germany was the same as those
A._J._P._Taylor
German debate on Nazi motives and uniqueness, and guilt of post-Nazi Germany
in the 1960s, that assessment was challenged by younger German historians. Fritz Fischer argued in favor of a Sonderweg conception of German history that
Historikerstreit
Land battle during the second Persian invasion of Greece (479 BC)
Plataiai: New Information on the Topography of the Battle]. In Blakolmer, Fritz; Seyer, Martin; Szemethy, Hubert D. (eds.). Angekommen auf Ithaka: Festgabe
Battle_of_Plataea
Art or other objects that appeal to popular rather than high art tastes
and Taste, Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6616-0 Karpfen, Fritz (1925). "Kitsch. Eine Studie über die Entartung der Kunst". Weltbund-Verlag
Kitsch
Dr Fritz. St Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 25. German refugee art dealer in Switzerland since 1935. Adviser to Buehrle, and intermediary between Fischer, Hofer
Eduard_Sturzenegger
Austrian conductor (1894–1981)
(DG-The Originals) Mozart, The Magic Flute, recorded with Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Fritz Wunderlich, Evelyn Lear, Roberta Peters, the Berlin Philharmonic
Karl_Böhm
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
East. London: Oneworld. p. 163. ISBN 978-1-78607-192-7. Fischer & Easterly 1994, p. 4. Fischer & Easterly 1994, p. 5. Rosefielde, Steven (1996). "Stalinism
Soviet_Union
philosopher, and scholar of Judaism Lorenz Weinrich, historian Heribert Dieter, Political Economist Andrea Fischer, Federal Ministry of Health (1998–2001) Annette
List of Free University of Berlin people
List_of_Free_University_of_Berlin_people
Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to Serbia issued in the buildup to World War I
Constitution of 1871 gave the new German state the name Deutsches Reich. Historian Fritz Fischer describes the Reich's agreement as a "blank check." ordinary Serbian
Ultimatum_of_July_23,_1914
Scottish historian (born 1964)
interpretation of German history championed by some German historians such as Fritz Fischer, Hans-Ulrich Wehler, Hans Mommsen, and Wolfgang Mommsen, who
Niall_Ferguson
Schmidt-Rottluff (1884–1976), painter Kurt Schwitters, painter and poet Fritz Schumacher (1869–1947), architect and urban designer Max Slevogt, painter
List_of_Germans
FRITZ FISCHER-HISTORIAN
FRITZ FISCHER-HISTORIAN
FRITZ FISCHER-HISTORIAN
FRITZ FISCHER-HISTORIAN
FRITZ FISCHER-HISTORIAN
FRITZ FISCHER-HISTORIAN
FRITZ FISCHER-HISTORIAN
FRITZ FISCHER-HISTORIAN
FRITZ FISCHER-HISTORIAN