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Toxin from bacteria that destroys or disrupts cells
An exotoxin is a toxin secreted by bacteria. An exotoxin can cause damage to the host by destroying cells or disrupting normal cellular metabolism. They
Exotoxin
Exotoxin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
The Pseudomonas exotoxin (or exotoxin A) is an exotoxin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Vibrio cholerae produces a similar protein called the Cholix
Pseudomonas_exotoxin
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins also known as erythrogenic toxins, are exotoxins secreted by strains of the bacterial species Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin
Streptococcal_pyrogenic_exotoxin
Infectious disease
be red and bumpy. The rash occurs as a result of capillary damage by exotoxins produced by S. pyogenes. On darker-pigmented skin the rash may be hard
Scarlet_fever
Species of bacterium
the cause of scarlet fever, which results from exposure to the species' exotoxin. Unlike most bacterial pathogens, S. pyogenes only infects humans. Thus
Streptococcus_pyogenes
Species of pathogenic bacterium found in water
cell signaling. Another exotoxin, PlpA breaks down host cell membranes and works with MARTX to cause necrotic damage. Two exotoxins, VvhA and VvpE are not
Vibrio_vulnificus
Human bacterial infection
soil-borne anaerobic bacteria. Bacteria cause myonecrosis by specific exotoxins. These microorganisms are opportunistic and, in general, enter the body
Gas_gangrene
Type of molecules produced by a pathogen that might cause potential harmful effects
from mobile genetic elements like plasmids and bacteriophages (e.g. some exotoxins). Virulence factors encoded on mobile genetic elements spread through
Virulence_factor
Medical condition
immunosuppressed or have kidney failure. The syndrome is induced by epidermolytic exotoxins (exfoliatin) A and B, which are released by S. aureus and cause detachment
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Staphylococcal_scalded_skin_syndrome
Toxin from a microorganism affecting the intestines
An enterotoxin is a protein exotoxin released by a microorganism that targets the intestines. They can be chromosomally or plasmid encoded. They are heat
Enterotoxin
Exotoxin
Diphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted mainly by Corynebacterium diphtheriae (but also by Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)
Diphtheria_toxin
Group of toxins
Pertussis toxin (PT) is a protein-based AB5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which causes whooping cough. PT is involved in
Pertussis_toxin
Bacterial disease
of lethality. The lethality and symptoms themselves are caused by the exotoxin produced by the bacteria. Diagnosis can often be made based on the appearance
Diphtheria
Medical condition
entity, it is thought not to be different from scarlet fever caused by exotoxin-producing Streptococcus pyogenes after Keith Powell proposed equating it
Dukes'_disease
Extremely potent neurotoxin
differently from humans and other animals. C. tetani also produces the exotoxin tetanolysin, a hemolysin, that causes destruction of tissues. Tetanus toxin
Tetanus_toxin
Species of bacterium
Large numbers of C. perfringens grow in the intestines and secrete exotoxin. This exotoxin causes necrosis of the intestines, varying levels of hemorrhaging
Clostridium_perfringens
Highly modified saliva containing zootoxins
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Snake_venom
Antimicrobial compound
bacterial cell wall and with the amino and hydroxyl groups of endotoxins and exotoxins. This reaction denatures the endotoxins and complex polysaccharide and
Taurolidine
Chemical compound
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Cantharidin
Species of bacteria used as an insecticide
molecules called beta-exotoxin, the common name for which is thuringiensin. A consensus document produced by the OECD says: "Beta-exotoxins are known to be
Bacillus_thuringiensis
Exotoxin
MafB toxins are exotoxins secreted by pathogenic Neisseria species (including meningococcus and gonococcus). MafB toxins belong to the category of polymorphic
MafB_toxins
Swiss-born French physician and microbiologist
Alexandre Émile John Yersin (22 September 1863 – 1 March 1943) was a Swiss-French physician and bacteriologist. He is remembered for his work as a pioneer
Alexandre_Yersin
Disease transmission via pathogens from fecal particles
Pathogenesis Pathogenicity Attack rate Quorum sensing Virulence Endotoxin Exotoxin Case fatality rate factors Antimicrobial resistance Drug resistance Horizontal
Fecal–oral_route
Toxin harmful to nervous tissue
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Neurotoxin
Type of tissue death by ischemia
be treated as a medical emergency. Gas gangrene is caused by bacterial exotoxin-producing clostridial species, which are mostly found in soil, and other
Gangrene
Chemical compound
which targets diphthamide. Besides this toxin, it is also targeted by exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is the only target of these toxins. Diphthamide
Diphthamide
Neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum
(January 1992). "Treatment of glabellar frown lines with C. botulinum-A exotoxin". The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology. 18 (1): 17–21. doi:10
Botulinum_toxin
Species of endospore forming bacterium
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Clostridium_botulinum
Naturally occurring organic poison
nervous system On a broader scale, toxins may be classified as either exotoxins, excreted by an organism, or endotoxins, which are released mainly when
Toxin
Tripartite protein complex secreted by virulent strains of Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax toxin is a three-protein exotoxin secreted by virulent strains of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis—the causative agent of anthrax. The toxin was
Anthrax_toxin
Type of lectin
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Ricin
Class of molecules found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
endotoxin by Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer. He distinguished between exotoxins, toxins that are released by bacteria into the surrounding environment
Lipopolysaccharide
Domain of microorganisms
produces a powerful exotoxin that cause respiratory paralysis, and Salmonellae produce an endotoxin that causes gastroenteritis. Some exotoxins can be converted
Bacteria
Species of virus
for erythrogenic toxin A. speA is also known as streptococcal pyogenic exotoxin A, scarlet fever toxin A, or even scarlatinal toxin. Note that the name
Bacteriophage_T12
Topics referred to by the same term
histological stain Percutaneous surgery Pertussis toxin, a protein-based exotoxin which causes whooping cough Petunidin, an anthocyanidin plant pigment Prothrombin
PT
Bacterial infection (genus Staphylococcus)
cause the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, a cutaneous reaction to exotoxin absorbed into the bloodstream. It can also cause a type of septicaemia
Staphylococcal_infection
Materials used to bond teeth or materials to teeth
Bactericidal effect due to free eugenol Pulpal damage due to production of exotoxins High solubility in water Interferes with polymerisation process and leads
Dental_cement
Canadian-American professor (1914–2008)
Watson, Dennis W. (1970). "A Purified Group a Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 131 (3): 611–628. doi:10.1084/jem.131
Dennis_Wallace_Watson
Topics referred to by the same term
linear solid model, of a viscoelastic material Streptolysin S, a bacterial exotoxin Swiss Light Source, a synchrotron Scalable Lossless Coding, an MPEG-4 Audio
SLS
Poisoning of heart electrophysiology or muscle
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Cardiotoxicity
Illness from eating spoiled or contaminated food
require live organisms to multiply in the gut, enterotoxins (a type of exotoxin) can cause illness even when the bacteria that produced them have been
Foodborne_illness
Medication used to treat a viral infection
Pathogenesis Pathogenicity Attack rate Quorum sensing Virulence Endotoxin Exotoxin Case fatality rate factors Antimicrobial resistance Drug resistance Horizontal
Antiviral_drug
Chemical compound
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Nereistoxin
Chemical compound (steroidal alkaloid)
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Samandarin
Foodborne illness
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Ciguatera_fish_poisoning
Gill-bearing non-tetrapod aquatic vertebrates
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Fish
Lipid component of lipopolysaccharide endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Lipid_A
Chemical compound
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Orellanine
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin
Staphylococcus_aureus_alpha_toxin
Group of neurotoxins in spider venom
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Latrotoxin
Topics referred to by the same term
Spermidine biosynthesis B, an enzyme in E. coli Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B or streptopain, an enzyme in S. pyogenes This disambiguation page lists
SPEB
Protein-produced toxins that create pores in cell membrane
toxins) are usually produced by bacteria, and include a number of protein exotoxins but may also be produced by other organisms such as apple snails that
Pore-forming_toxin
Concentration of water vapour in the air
Pathogenesis Pathogenicity Attack rate Quorum sensing Virulence Endotoxin Exotoxin Case fatality rate factors Antimicrobial resistance Drug resistance Horizontal
Humidity
Chemical compound
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Marinobufagenin
Antibody against streptolysin O
streptolysin O, an immunogenic, oxygen-labile streptococcal hemolytic exotoxin produced by most strains of group A and many strains of groups C and G
Anti-streptolysin_O
Chemical compound
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Amanin
Family of amphibians
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Poison_dart_frog
Species of bacteria
serine protease HtrA (high temperature requirement A), and the major exotoxins CagA and VacA. The presence of VacA and CagA are associated with more
Helicobacter_pylori
Protein family
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Clostridium_enterotoxin
Chemical compound
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Cinobufagin
Species of bacterium
equisimilis: genomic localisation of the gene encoding streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin G (speG(dys))". FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology. 34 (2): 159–167
Streptococcus_dysgalactiae
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the target of diphtheria toxin (from Corynebacterium diphtheriae), and exotoxin A (from Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The inactivation of EF-2 by toxins inhibits
EEF2
Monoclonal antibody
Fv (dsFv) antibody fragment and an edited copy of bacterial Pseudomonas exotoxin PE38. The toxin is activated intracellularly, by the low pH of the lysosome
Anti-CD22_immunotoxin
Chemical compound
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
3-Nitropropionic_acid
Vitamin used in animal cell metabolism
denitrificans. Propionibacterium, the other commonly used bacteria, produce no exotoxins or endotoxins and are generally recognized as safe (have been granted
Vitamin_B12
Species of prokaryote
affecting the respiratory tract and causing the subsequent release of an exotoxin. The toxin has a localized effect on skin lesions, as well as a metastatic
Corynebacterium_diphtheriae
Toxin produced by a fungus
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Mycotoxin
Bacterial species
other species may also be dysentery agents. S. dysenteriae releases an exotoxin that compromises the gut and central nervous system. If acting as an enterotoxin
Shigella_dysenteriae
Group of poisons produced by molds
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Aflatoxin
Breakdown of red blood cells
the area appears lightened (yellow) and transparent. Streptolysin, an exotoxin, is the enzyme produced by the bacteria which causes the complete lysis
Hemolysis_(microbiology)
Pore-forming toxin produced by the bacteria Staphylococcus
Although similar to exotoxins, invasins are different in two respects: they work through much less specific mechanisms than exotoxins, and their actions
Leukocidin
Enzyme that cleaves other proteins into smaller peptides
or misfolded proteins. A secreted bacterial protease may also act as an exotoxin, and be an example of a virulence factor in bacterial pathogenesis (for
Protease
Group of proteins
Streptolysins are two homogenous exotoxins from Streptococcus pyogenes. Types include streptolysin O (SLO; slo), which is oxygen-labile, and streptolysin
Streptolysin
Rapid spread of disease affecting a large number of people in a short time
Pathogenesis Pathogenicity Attack rate Quorum sensing Virulence Endotoxin Exotoxin Case fatality rate factors Antimicrobial resistance Drug resistance Horizontal
Epidemic
Ability of plants to withstand pathogens
exoToxin-Triggered Immunity (TTI) has been introduced as an exotoxin associated immune response. This is separate to ETI or PTI due to the exotoxin's
Plant_disease_resistance
Group of chemical compounds
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Phallotoxin
Activation or suppression of the immune system to treat disease
Pathogenesis Pathogenicity Attack rate Quorum sensing Virulence Endotoxin Exotoxin Case fatality rate factors Antimicrobial resistance Drug resistance Horizontal
Immunotherapy
Genus of bacteria
vacuole's entire membrane with secreted hemolysin, now characterized as the exotoxin listeriolysin O. The bacteria then replicate inside the host cell's cytoplasm
Listeria
Superantigen
but lives mostly in the vagina of infected women. TSST-1 is a bacterial exotoxin found in patients who have developed toxic shock syndrome (TSS), which
Toxic_shock_syndrome_toxin-1
Chemical compound
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Α-Amanitin
Toxins that destroy red blood cells
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Hemotoxin
Chemical compound
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Batrachotoxin
Chance over time of a medical condition
Pathogenesis Pathogenicity Attack rate Quorum sensing Virulence Endotoxin Exotoxin Case fatality rate factors Antimicrobial resistance Drug resistance Horizontal
Incidence_(epidemiology)
Snake venom toxin
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Calcicludine
Toxin produced by microorganisms
biology. Bacteria toxins which can be classified as either exotoxins or endotoxins. Exotoxins are generated and actively secreted; endotoxins remain part
Microbial_toxin
Skin peeling
PMID 35900871. Dinges, MM; Orwin, PM; Schlievert, PM (January 2000). "Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 13 (1): 16–34
Desquamation
Weakened form of a toxin, often used for vaccines
A toxoid is an inactivated toxin (usually an exotoxin) whose toxicity has been suppressed while retaining its immunogenicity. This is usually achieved
Toxoid
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Heteroscodratoxin-1
Chemical property of substances
used to describe biochemical substances. For example, many bacterial exotoxins are thermolabile and can be easily inactivated by the application of moderate
Thermolabile
Species of moth
caused 100% mortality due to a combination of excreted exotoxins. The primary lethal exotoxin found in the guts of Cactoblastis cactorum after being exposed
Cactoblastis_cactorum
Chemical compound
nutrient (i.e., iron), regulation of other virulence factors (including exotoxin A and the protease PrpL), supporting the formation of biofilms, and are
Pyoverdine
Six virulent antibiotic-resistant pathogens
Additionally, approximately 25% of S. aureus strains secrete the TSST-1 exotoxin responsible for causing toxic shock syndrome. Methicillin-resistant S.
ESKAPE
Type of vaccine
against nicotine using a chemically modified hapten version linked to exotoxin A TA-CD, cocaine linked to inactivated cholera toxin TA-NIC, nicotine linked
Conjugate_vaccine
Bacterial toxins
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Cry6Aa
Organism that harbours another organism
Pathogenesis Pathogenicity Attack rate Quorum sensing Virulence Endotoxin Exotoxin Case fatality rate factors Antimicrobial resistance Drug resistance Horizontal
Host_(biology)
Life-threatening response to infection
from an immunological response to cell wall lipoteichoic acid. Bacterial exotoxins that act as superantigens also may cause sepsis. Superantigens simultaneously
Sepsis
Protein family
into two parts, then the two parts are joined by a disulfide bond. The exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is another example of an AB toxin that targets
AB_toxin
Chemical compound
enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Exotoxin Gram positive Bacilli Clostridium: tetani Tetanospasmin Tetanolysin perfringens
Allopumiliotoxin_267A
Species of bacterium
recorded in C. pseudotuberculosis. Phospholipase D is an ester bond–cleaving exotoxin that provides the bacterium with the ability to cleave sphingomyelin, which
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Corynebacterium_pseudotuberculosis
Species of bacterium
S. zooepidemicus, as well as evidence of an unidentified superantigen exotoxin, to be the cause of infection, and toxic-shock like syndrome to be the
Streptococcus_zooepidemicus
EXOTOXIN
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