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Layer of cells that covers leaves, flowers, roots of plants
The epidermis (from the Greek ἐπιδερμίς, meaning "over-skin") is a single layer of cells that covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of plants. It
Epidermis_(botany)
Topics referred to by the same term
vertebrate animal. Epidermis may also refer to: Epidermis (botany), the outermost cell layer of plants Epidermis (zoology), the sheet of cells that covers the
Epidermis_(disambiguation)
Outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant
In botany, a cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles. The cortex
Cortex_(botany)
Photosynthetic part of a vascular plant
epidermis than on the upper epidermis, and is generally thicker on leaves from dry climates as compared with those from wet climates. The epidermis serves
Leaf
Study of plant life
Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology that studies the growth, reproduction and evolution of plants over the
Botany
of anatomy History of biochemistry History of biotechnology History of botany History of ecology History of genetics History of evolutionary thought:
Outline_of_biology
In botany, epiblem is a tissue that replaces the epidermis in most roots and in stems of submerged aquatic plants. It is usually located between the epidermis
Epiblem
botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well
Glossary_of_botanical_terms
Type of eukaryotic cell present in green plants
composed mainly of parenchyma cells. Some parenchyma cells, as in the epidermis, are specialized for light penetration and focusing or regulation of gas
Plant_cell
Outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants
lateral meristem. The periderm replaces the epidermis, and acts as a protective covering like the epidermis. Mature phellem cells have suberin in their
Bark_(botany)
In plants, a variable pore between paired guard cells
In botany, a stoma (pl.: stomata, from Greek στόμα, "mouth"), also called a stomate (pl.: stomates), is a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems
Stoma
State of steady internal conditions maintained by living things
Eukaryote Alga Animal Fungus Plant Protist Virus Plant form, function Epidermis (botany) Flower Ground tissue Leaf Phloem Plant stem Root Shoot Vascular plant
Homeostasis
Structural axis of a vascular plant
The outside of the stem is covered with an epidermis, which is covered by a waterproof cuticle. The epidermis also may contain stomata for gas exchange
Plant_stem
Fine hair-like growth on plants
emergences or prickles refer to outgrowths that involve more than the epidermis. This distinction is not always easily applied (see Wait-a-minute tree)
Trichome
Reproductive structure in plants
In botany, a seed is a plant structure containing an embryo and stored nutrients in a protective coat called a testa. More generally, the term seed means
Seed
Young stem or branch
In botany, a plant shoot consists of any plant stem together with its appendages like leaves, lateral buds, flowering stems, and flower buds. The new growth
Shoot_(botany)
Sharp plant parts used for defense
inside, like the petiole or a stipule), and prickles are derived from epidermis tissue (so that they can be found anywhere on the plant and do not have
Thorns,_spines,_and_prickles
Structure in plants
to develop to produce two to four vacuolated cells at the level of the epidermis, the stalk cell with an almost completely cutinized wall, and at least
Gland_(botany)
carbon dioxide) and water exchange. They are sheathed by an outer layer or epidermis that is coated with a waxy waterproof protective layer, which is punctuated
Glossary_of_plant_morphology
Category of tissue in plants
cells of the leaf epidermis are regarded as specialised parenchymal cells, but the modern preference has long been to classify the epidermis as plant dermal
Ground_tissue
Various biological tissues or structures
for the epidermis, the outer layer of skin. In zoology, the invertebrate cuticle or cuticula is a multi-layered structure outside the epidermis of many
Cuticle
Reproductive structure in flowering plants
themselves range from tiny orchids and major crop plants to large trees. In botany, flowers are defined as the reproductive structures of angiosperms (flowering
Flower
Citing the first publishers of a botanical name
that for the new combination are given (the former in parentheses). In botany, it is customary (though not obligatory) to abbreviate author names according
Author_citation_(botany)
Topics referred to by the same term
tissues Vascular tissue, a complex tissue found in vascular plants Epidermis (botany), the outer single-layered group of cells covering a plant This disambiguation
Plant_system_(disambiguation)
Specialized structure of roots
cyclocytic stomata. The entire structure may rise above the adjacent epidermis. The pneumatodes may function as double structures for gas exchange and
Pneumatode
Sugar-rich liquid produced by plants
thick domed or papillate epidermis and dense cytoplasm. Platanthera bifolia produces a nocturnal scent from the labellum epidermis. Ophrys labella have dome-shaped
Nectar
Group of similar cells performing a specific function
categorized broadly into three tissue systems: the epidermis, the ground tissue, and the vascular tissue. Epidermis – Cells forming the outer surface of the leaves
Tissue_(biology)
Flowers on short stalks along the stem
(flowers having short floral stalks called pedicels) along its axis. In botany, an axis means a shoot, in this case one bearing the flowers. In indeterminate
Raceme
Sheath or covering
opens at the stomium. The outer cells of the theca form the epidermis. Below the epidermis, the somatic cells form the tapetum. These support the development
Theca
Term in geology and botany
(literally "under the air") has been used since 1833, notably in geology and botany, to describe features and events occurring or formed on or near the Earth's
Subaerial
Type of plant tissue involved in cell proliferation
Protoderm: lies around the outside of the stem and develops into the epidermis.[citation needed] Procambium: lies just inside of the protoderm and develops
Meristem
Plant tissue type
sclereid cell is known as an idioblast. Sclereids are typically found in the epidermis, ground tissue, and vascular tissue. The term "sclereid" was introduced
Sclereid
Plant fibre used for textiles, rope, and paper
separated from the woody core, the xylem, and sometimes also from the epidermis. The process for this is retting, and can be performed by micro-organisms
Bast_fibre
Outer cell layer
These large cells from the epidermis of a red onion are naturally pigmented.
Onion_epidermal_cell
Species of plant
(1987). "THE FOLIAR EPIDERMIS IN TILLANDSIOIDEAE (BROMELIACEAE) AND ITS ROLE IN HABITAT SELECTION". American Journal of Botany. 65 (3): 359–365. doi:10
Tillandsia_tectorum
Group of eudicots known as core eudicots
vascular bundles of the petiole form a ring and the stoma of the leaf epidermis are of a particular type called "cyclocytic". The androecium has stamens
Pentapetalae
Basal organ of a vascular plant
When dissected, the arrangement of the cells in a root is root hair, epidermis, epiblem, cortex, endodermis, pericycle and, lastly, the vascular tissue
Root
Passage of water through the outermost layer of an animal or plant to the atmosphere
of water that passes from inside a body (animal or plant) through the epidermis (that is, either the epidermal layer of animal skin or the epidermal layer
Transepidermal_water_loss
Sugar transport tissue in vascular plants
stalk]. Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik (Contributions to Scientific Botany) (in German). 1: 1–156. From p. 9: "Ich will die beiden Partien Dauergewebe
Phloem
Waterproof covering of aerial plant organs
plant cuticle is a protecting film covering the outermost skin layer (epidermis) of leaves, young shoots and other aerial plant organs (aerial here meaning
Plant_cuticle
Part of a plant
lateral meristem and is responsible for secondary growth that replaces the epidermis in roots and stems. It is found in woody and many herbaceous dicots, gymnosperms
Cork_cambium
Underground stem in which various plants asexually reproduce via budding
In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (/ˈraɪzoʊm/ RY-zohm) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes
Rhizome
Type of growth in plants
In botany, secondary growth is the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken
Secondary_growth
Genus of flowering plants
commonly called "thorns", are technically prickles, outgrowths of the epidermis (the outer layer of tissue of the stem), unlike true thorns, which are
Rose
Hybrids of orchids
Receptacle Sporophyll Sporophyte Surface structures Cuticle Epicuticular wax Epidermis Nectar Stoma Thorns, spines, and prickles Trichome Plant physiology Materials
Grex_(horticulture)
Group of vascular plants that reproduce by spores
Mark W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (9): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC 3936591. PMID 24532607. Clark
Pteridophyte
Tissue that allows gas exchange in plant organs
of stomata is retained in the living epidermis of leaves and green stems, that function is lost where the epidermis of trunks and branches is displaced
Lenticel
Genus of aquatic flowering plants known as "lotus."
of stomata on the upper epidermis of its leaves, unlike most other plants which concentrate their stomata on the lower epidermis, underneath the leaf. The
Nelumbo
Plant material preserved for scientific uses
photograph of a plant is an observation, not a specimen. Author citation (botany) Botanical expeditions Plant collecting Zoological specimen "Herbaria &
Botanical_specimen
Subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae
All photosynthesis occurs in shoot cortex cells covered by a persistent epidermis and stomata. Another important characteristic of this subfamily is ribbed
Cactoideae
Specialised layer of cells the anther of flowering plants
Special Reference to the Tapetal Cell Wall.Furness & Rudall 2001 Annals of Botany, Volume 72, Issue 6, December 1993, Pages 595–605 Furness & Rudall 2001
Tapetum_(botany)
Study of organic evolution of plants based on fossils
Paleobotany or palaeobotany, also known as paleophytology, is the branch of botany and paleontology dealing with the recovery and identification of plant fossils
Paleobotany
Phenomenon of attracting and holding water molecules
germination. Physiologically, the inner and outer epidermis have independent hilar valve control. The outer epidermis has columnar-shaped cells, annularly arranged
Hygroscopy
Species of fungus
It forms a hymenium between cells four to six layers above the lower epidermis which is subsequently sloughed off to reveal its basidia. The hyphae of
Exobasidium_camelliae
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
absorption of ultraviolet or blue light to minimize heating. The transparent epidermis layer allows light to pass through to the palisade mesophyll cells where
Photosynthesis
Part of a plant
hypodermal Casparian bands. II. Roots with a multiseriate hypodermis or epidermis". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 103 (2): 113–125. doi:10.1111/j
Exodermis
Carnivorous plants resembling pitchers
calling carnivores 'the most wonderful plants in the world'". Annals of Botany. 109 (1): 47–64. doi:10.1093/aob/mcr249. PMC 3241575. PMID 21937485. "The
Pitcher_plant
Genus of flowering plants
capsule (hilum) shows as a large, circular, whitish scar. The capsule epidermis has "spines" (botanically, prickles) in some species, while in others
Aesculus
Protuberances that extend from the lower epidermal cells of bryophytes and algae
calcified forms". Aquatic Botany. 92 (2): 157–160. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2009.10.012. Smith GM (1955). Cryptogamic Botany, Volume 1 Algae and Fungi.
Rhizoid
Genus of ferns in the subfamily Pteridoideae
reflexed over the marginal sori. The outermost layer is the single layered epidermis without stomata. The cortex is differentiated into outer and inner cortical
Pteris
Bulbous vegetable
(2009). "Onion epidermis as a new model to study the control of growth anisotropy in higher plants". Journal of Experimental Botany. 60 (14): 4175–4187
Onion
Study of the internal structure of plants
corolla, androecium, and gynoecium Leaf anatomy, including study of the epidermis, stomata and palisade cells Stem anatomy, including stem structure and
Plant_anatomy
Genus of parasitic plants
structure, consisting of nectariferous parenchyma overlain by a cuticularized epidermis featuring a distinct band of modified stomata. In terms of pollination
Cuscuta
Genus of flowering plants
capsaicin in a pungent (hot) pepper is concentrated in blisters on the epidermis of the interior ribs (septa) that divide the chambers, or locules, of
Capsicum
Process by which structures originate and mature as a plant grows
surface. Leaf cuttings of the Crassula form adventitious roots in the epidermis. Adventitious buds develop from places other than a shoot apical meristem
Plant_development
different color than the flesh. The biological word for the outer skin is epidermis; the flesh is called the pith or medulla. The first table below has a
List of sweet potato cultivars
List_of_sweet_potato_cultivars
Term used in botanical nomenclature
Receptacle Sporophyll Sporophyte Surface structures Cuticle Epicuticular wax Epidermis Nectar Stoma Thorns, spines, and prickles Trichome Plant physiology Materials
Hort.
Species of carnivorous plant
across both lobes of the trap, held under strain by rigid cells in the epidermis. The current causes these cells suddenly to soften, whereupon the strain
Venus_flytrap
Self-cleaning properties
formed out of a characteristic epidermis (its outermost layer called the cuticle) and the covering waxes. The epidermis of the lotus plant possesses papillae
Lotus_effect
Genus of plants
erumpent flowers. The floral buds develop internally and break through the epidermis of the stem. This flower morphology is likely an adaptation to protect
Echinocereus
Species of thistle
for their nectar and pollen with butterflies and bumble bees. The leaf epidermis is enclosed by both an inner and outer cuticle, which helps minimize the
Cirsium_horridulum
19th-century botany book
Plant Anatomy (original German title: Physiologische Pflanzenanatomie) is a botany book first published in 1884 by Gottlieb Haberlandt (1854–1945). The textbook
Physiological_Plant_Anatomy
Genus of flowering plants
presence of a sclerotic hypodermis, which are cylindrical tubes inside the epidermis that can be one to five cells long. The cells that line the sclerotic
Philodendron
Genus of flowering plants
spiny. They almost always have urticating hairs, often on bumps in the epidermis. These are stiff, stinging trichomes with swollen bases. The leaves are
Urera
century defined tunica as "any loose membranous skin not formed from epidermis". The apical meristem, in particular in Angiosperms, has an outer layer
Tunica_(biology)
Genus of flowering plants
and thrive in extreme conditions, this potent extract strengthens the epidermis and helps naturally recover its water loss, while protecting the newly
Haberlea
Diploid multicellular stage in the life cycle of a plant or alga
Receptacle Sporophyll Sporophyte Surface structures Cuticle Epicuticular wax Epidermis Nectar Stoma Thorns, spines, and prickles Trichome Plant physiology Materials
Sporophyte
Species of flowering plant
present on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces, positioned close to the epidermis and flanked by oval-shaped guard cells. The cuticle is thin (~2.6 μm)
Matricaria_discoidea
the outside of the cell and instead promote expansion parallel to the epidermis layer. Data suggest that waviness of pavement cells may be initiated by
Pavement_cells
soft or green tissues, this is usually a waxy cuticle over the outer epidermis. In older, woody tissues, waterproofing chemicals are present in the secondary
Tissue_hydration
Extinct genus of vascular plants
bark fossils. The name Bergeria describes stems that have lost their epidermises, Aspidiaria is used when cushions have been removed by deep decay, and
Lepidodendron
Species of cactus
stems called cladodes. It has a water-repellent and sun-reflecting waxy epidermis. Cladodes 1–2 years old produce flowers, with the fruit's colours ranging
Opuntia_ficus-indica
concentration, and has been shown to be located in higher concentration in the epidermis and vasculature of K+ deprived plants. By turning on, it increases the
High Affinity K+ transporter HAK5
High_Affinity_K+_transporter_HAK5
Species of gastropod
the principal keel and the suture, and in some minor characters. The epidermis is covered with pale brown. This is a very considerably larger shell than
Polystira_nobilis
Part of the female reproductive tract
The vaginal epithelium differs from the similar tissue of the skin. The epidermis of the skin is relatively resistant to water because it contains high
Vagina
List of tallest living trees, by species
Receptacle Sporophyll Sporophyte Surface structures Cuticle Epicuticular wax Epidermis Nectar Stoma Thorns, spines, and prickles Trichome Plant physiology Materials
List_of_tallest_trees
Species of fungus
are expelled. The mycelium of the fungus grows in the double-layered epidermis of the leaf of the host plant, and penetrates the mesophyll tissue in
Phyllachora_banksiae
Species of gastropod
turreted shell is rather solid, imperforate. Its color is white, the epidermis a thin, pale olive-green. The shell contains six whorls. The depression
Pontiothauma_abyssicola
Species of fern
cells in the center of their surface scales that direct water to the epidermis of the fern leaves, allowing absorption. The ability of the fern fronds
Pleopeltis_polypodioides
Haploid stage in the life cycle of plants and algae
sporophyte in having a well-developed conducting strand, a cortex, an epidermis and a cuticle with stomata, but were much smaller. In bryophytes (mosses
Gametophyte
Species of sunflower
a hand lens since the fungal papillae breaks through or replaces the epidermis. The first symptoms of the disease are seen around late May and occur
Helianthus_strumosus
Family of flowering plants commonly known as grasses
Yan Wu; Hai-Lu You; Xiao-Qiang Li (2018). "Dinosaur-associated Poaceae epidermis and phytoliths from the Early Cretaceous of China". National Science Review
Poaceae
Perennial woody plant with elongated trunk
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree
Tree
Network of inward-growing hyphae
into the plant host root, penetrating between plant cells in the root epidermis and cortex in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. This network is the internal
Hartig_net
Plant biodiversity organization
additional volumes of interest to specialists in specific subdisciplines of botany, in addition to the ones listed above. In addition to electronic versions
International Association for Plant Taxonomy
International_Association_for_Plant_Taxonomy
Family of monocot flowering plants
are not divided and have parallel veins without cross connections. The epidermis of the leaf contains silica. Bromeliad flowers are aggregated into inflorescences
Bromeliaceae
Family of mostly succulent plants, adapted to dry environments
similar to those normally found only in leaves. Immediately below the outer epidermis, a hypodermal layer developed made up of cells with thickened walls, offering
Cactus
Outermost layer of some cells
wall extensibility. The outer part of the primary cell wall of the plant epidermis is usually impregnated with cutin and wax, forming a permeability barrier
Cell_wall
Form of scarring
which can interfere with the underlying physical support of the dermis or epidermis by displacing the supportive tissue.[citation needed] Examples of cases
Stretch_marks
Tribe of flowering plants
zygomorphic flowers, non-moniliform filament hairs, no silica in the epidermis, and small chromosomes. Molecular phylogenetics generally supports the
Commelineae
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