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Outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants
has media related to Bark. Bark beetle Bark painting Trunk (botany) Bark isolate Bark-binding, a diseased condition of tree bark Raven, Peter H.; Evert
Bark_(botany)
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up bark in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Bark most commonly refers to: Bark (botany), an outer layer of a woody plant Bark (sound), a vocalization
Bark
Study of plant life
Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology that studies the growth, reproduction and evolution of plants over the
Botany
Open ocean bay in Sydney, Australia
His Majesty's Bark Endeavour on the land mass of Australia, after his extensive navigation of New Zealand. Later, the British planned Botany Bay as the site
Botany_Bay
botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well
Glossary_of_botanical_terms
transport Vascular tissue – bark (botany) – Casparian strip – turgor pressure – xylem – phloem – transpiration – wood – trunk (botany) Plant development tropism
Outline_of_biology
Genus of plants, source of quinine
J. Cinchona Bark. Archived 20 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. University of Minnesota Libraries. Using Bark to Cure the Bite. Botany Global Issues
Cinchona
Subfamily of beetles
A bark beetle is the common name for the subfamily of beetles Scolytinae. Previously, this was considered a distinct family (Scolytidae), but is now understood
Bark_beetle
Structural axis of a vascular plant
bark of cinchona trees, camphor distilled from wood of a tree in the same genus that provides cinnamon, and the muscle relaxant curare from the bark of
Plant_stem
Salix, genus of trees
height, though it spreads widely across the ground. Willows have watery bark sap rich in salicin, soft, usually pliant, tough wood, slender branches,
Willow
Part of a plant
vascular plants as a part of the periderm. It is one of the many layers of bark. It exists between the cork and the phelloderm. The cork cambium is a lateral
Cork_cambium
Species of plant
Quillaja saponaria, the soap bark tree or soapbark, is an evergreen tree in the family Quillajaceae, native to warm temperate central Chile. In Chile it
Quillaja_saponaria
Stem of woody plants, and main structural component of trees
(2014). "The ethnobotany, use, and sustainable harvest of bark: a review". Advances in Economic Botany. 17: 27–55. ISSN 0741-8280. JSTOR 43932772. Dahle, Gregory;
Trunk_(botany)
Group of seed plants
insects such as wood-boring longhorn beetles and by bark beetles, which make galleries just under the bark. As of 2025, 94 conifer species are listed as endangered
Conifer
Species of tree
and is used for carpentry, house fittings and joinery. In medicine, the bark is used in treatments of stomach-aches, febrile pains, eye diseases and haemorrhoids
Monodora_myristica
Plant used for food, medicine or perfume
considered "herbs", including leaves, roots, flowers, seeds, root bark, inner bark (and cambium), resin and pericarp. The word "herb" is pronounced /hɜːrb/
Herb
Species of tree
smooth-barked apple, is a species of tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. Reaching 30 m (100 ft) in height, the species has distinctive smooth bark that
Angophora_costata
18th-century Royal Navy research vessel
Australis Incognita or "unknown southern land". Commissioned as His Majesty's Bark Endeavour, she departed Plymouth in August 1768, rounded Cape Horn and reached
HMS_Endeavour
Genus of trees
equisetifolia that is monoecious), with fissured or scaly greyish-brown to black bark. They have soft, pendulous, green, photosynthetic branchlets, the leaves
Casuarina
Genus of plants
Wattle bark collected in Australia in the 19th century was exported to Europe where it was used in the tanning process. One ton of wattle or mimosa bark contained
Acacia
Genus of trees
would produce a green dye from hickory bark, which they used to dye cloth. When this bark was mixed with maple bark, it produced a yellow dye pigment. The
Hickory
Species of eucalyptus
extends into the Northern Hemisphere. It is characterized by multi-coloured bark. Eucalyptus deglupta is a fast-growing tree that typically reaches a height
Eucalyptus_deglupta
Genus of flowering plants constituting the family Platanaceae
The mature bark peels off or exfoliates easily in irregularly shaped patches, producing a mottled, scaly appearance. On old trunks, bark may not flake
Platanus
Plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent stems or runners
tendrils, or thorns. It directs its stem into a crevice in the bark of fibrous barked trees (such as bald cypress) where the stem adopts a flattened profile
Vine
Natural peeling or shedding of bark
In botany, exfoliation describes the natural process of bark peeling or otherwise separating from a tree trunk, typically in large strips or plates that
Exfoliation_(botany)
Superfamily of insects
short period between moults. Some of these overwinter in crevices in the bark or among plant litter, moving in spring to tender young growth. However,
Scale_insect
Perennial woody plant with elongated trunk
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree
Tree
Plant on which epiphytes grow
The bark pH, degree of bark shedding, the presence of milk sap and the density and size of bark lenticels influence the occurrence of epiphytes. Bark ornamentations
Phorophyte
Fruit with outer shell protecting kernel
fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a single seed. In botany, the use of the term nut implies that the shell does not open to release
Nut_(fruit)
Index of plants with the same common name
have dark, deeply furrowed bark. Instead of being shed annually as in many of the other species of Eucalyptus, the dead bark accumulates on the trees,
Ironbark
Sugar transport tissue in vascular plants
is the innermost layer of the bark, hence the name, derived from the Ancient Greek word φλοιός (phloiós), meaning "bark". The term was introduced by Carl
Phloem
Intersection of people and plants
Economic botany is the study of the relationship between people (individuals and cultures) and plants. Economic botany intersects many fields including
Economic_botany
English botanist and geologist (1855-1956)
Peninsula, after devising a method of tapping rubber trees without damaging the bark or destroying the trees. As a result of his ardent attempts to persuade Malayan
Henry_Nicholas_Ridley
Indigenous Australian clan of people
the world made in H.M. bark "Endeavour". London: Elliot Stock. Tench, Watkin (1789). 1788, A Narrative of an expedition to Botany Bay. Collins, David (1798)
Kamaygal
Cypress family of conifers
subdioecious or (rarely) dioecious trees and shrubs up to 116 m (381 ft) tall. The bark of mature trees is commonly orange- to red-brown and of stringy texture,
Cupressaceae
Plants that shed leaves seasonally
Deciduous forest In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous (/dɪˈsɪdʒu.əs/) means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off"
Deciduous
Topics referred to by the same term
dictionary. Exfoliation can refer to: Exfoliation (botany), the loss of leaves (or, in some cases, pieces of bark) from a plant Exfoliation (cosmetology), a cosmetic
Exfoliation
Sap or other resinous plant material
is most frequently associated with woody plants, particularly under the bark or as a seed coating. The polysaccharide material is typically of high molecular
Gum_(botany)
Genus of plants
(49–164 ft) tall, with trunks up to 2.5 m (8 ft) in diameter.[citation needed] The bark on young trees is smooth and white to greenish or dark grey, and often has
Populus
Species of tree
trunk up to 1 m (3.3 ft) diameter and an irregular, often-leaning crown. The bark is grey-brown and is deeply fissured in older trees. The shoots in the typical
Salix_alba
Outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant
In botany, a cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles. The cortex
Cortex_(botany)
Common name for certain tree species in the Populus genus
snow. Additionally, the bark is photosynthetic, meaning that growth is still possible after the leaves have been dropped. The bark also contains lenticels
Aspen
Species of tree
to more than 20 m (70 ft) with a trunk covered with thick, white, papery bark and weeping thinner branches. It has a long flowering season, can flower
Melaleuca_leucadendra
Genus of flowering plants
by Robert Brown in 1811, after Charles Alston (1685–1760), professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716 to 1760. The type species Alstonia scholaris (L.)
Alstonia
Australian replica sailing vessel
HMB Endeavour replica is a replica of HMS Endeavour, the bark commanded by Lieutenant James Cook when he charted New Zealand and the eastern coast of Australia
HMS_Endeavour_replica
Extinct genus of vascular plants
(3 ft 3 in) in diameter. They are often known as "scale trees", due to their bark having been covered in diamond-shaped leaf-bases, from which leaves grew
Lepidodendron
Layer of cells that covers leaves, flowers, roots of plants
in closed environments. Bark Cork cambium Periderm Hill, J. Ben; Overholts, Lee O; Popp, Henry W. Grove Jr., Alvin R. Botany. A textbook for colleges
Epidermis_(botany)
Species of plant
States, and Africa. The tree is valued for its versatile uses. Its inner bark is traditionally processed into barkcloth and is also an important raw material
Paper_mulberry
Species of palm
the health of the foetus, use the root of the palm in compounds, while the bark of the trunk is used to treat tuberculosis. conservatory specimen "Licuala
Licuala_spinosa
Species of beech
It reaches 25 metres in height. The growth habit is often multi-trunked. Bark is smooth and grey. The simple leaves are arranged alternately along the
Fagus_japonica
Historic site in New South Wales, Australia
The Kamay Botany Bay National Park is a heritage-listed protected national park in the eastern part of Botany Bay in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Kamay Botany Bay National Park
Kamay_Botany_Bay_National_Park
Division of typically non-vascular land plants
protonemata typically look like a thin green felt, and may grow on damp soil, tree bark, rocks, concrete, or almost any other reasonably stable surface. This is
Moss
Species of flowering plant
Styrax obassis, but the original spelling is obassia. In the history of botany, different people have used all three grammatical genders for the genus
Styrax_obassia
Genus of flowering plants in the rose family Rosaceae
with small fruit and (usually) thorny branches. The most common type of bark is smooth grey in young individuals, developing shallow longitudinal fissures
Crataegus
Genus of coniferous evergreen trees
green spruce aphid, eastern spruce budworm, European spruce bark beetle, and great spruce bark beetle. Spruce is a major producer of timber for construction
Spruce
Genus of trees in the family Fagaceae
for its low branches, often made up of several major trunks with yellowish bark. The better known species of subgenus Fagus are native to Europe, western
Beech
Species of tree
Melaleuca quinquenervia, commonly known as the broad-leaved paperbark or paper bark tea tree in Australia, niaouli in New Caledonia and punk tree in the United
Melaleuca_quinquenervia
Species of legume
Guinea, the Northern Territory and Queensland. It is a tree with smooth bark, very narrowly elliptic phyllodes, spikes of bright yellow to golden-yellow
Acacia_auriculiformis
Family of conifers
defense response to fungal inoculation or bark-beetle attack in Norway spruce (Pinaceae). American Journal of Botany 87:314-326. Hudgins, J. W.; Christiansen
Pinaceae
Formation of excess sap on plants
(Armillaria), can contribute to gum flow. Plant sap rises from the bark of a cherry tree Kino (botany) Boothby, Derek (January 1983). "Gummosis of stone-fruit trees
Gummosis
Genus of angiosperms
French botanist Pierre Magnol. English botanist William Sherard, who studied botany in Paris under Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, a pupil of Magnol, was most
Magnolia
Species of birch tree with red peeling bark
Betulaceae, native to Western China. It is notable for its distinctive peeling bark and is cultivated as an ornamental tree. Betula albosinensis is a deciduous
Betula_albosinensis
Plants in the family Fabaceae
planted along edges of fields to provide shade for cattle, the leaves and bark are often eaten by cattle. Green manure can be grown between harvesting the
Legume
Plant that has leaves in all seasons
In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional throughout the year. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which
Evergreen
Trees carved by Aboriginal Australians
tree and shield tree, is a tree which has had bark removed by Aboriginal Australians for the creation of bark canoes, shelters, weapons such as shields,
Scarred_tree
Species of eucalyptus
that is native to eastern Australia and southern New Guinea. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, nine
Eucalyptus_tereticornis
Species of eucalyptus
endemic to East Timor. It has rough, scaly, flaky bark on the lower part of the trunk, smooth bark above, egg-shaped to lance-shaped adult leaves, flower
Eucalyptus_orophila
Species of flowering plant
35 m (115 ft) tall and 90 cm (35 in) in diameter, with papery red-brown bark. Leaves are simple (i.e. undivided), arranged in opposite pairs, and measure
Syzygium_papyraceum
Species of tree
decade the bark of a black cherry tree is thin, smooth, and banded, resembling a birch. A mature tree has very broken, dark gray to black bark. The leaves
Prunus_serotina
Family of flowering plants that includes cashew and mango
and sometimes foul-smelling. Resin canals located in the inner fibrous bark of the fibrovascular system found in the plant's stems, roots, and leaves
Anacardiaceae
attachment. A common malformation of a branch attachment is the inclusion of bark within the join, which can weaken the attachment. Initially branches are
Branch_attachment
Species of plant
United States. A eudicot, it is a flowering deciduous tree with light gray bark. It can grow to a height of 20 metres (66 ft). Its large, papery leaves are
Camptotheca_acuminata
British forensic scientist
barely qualified for the sixth form, where a botany teacher sparked her interest in science. She studied botany at the University of Sheffield and biochemistry
Angela_Gallop
Species of plant in the myrtle family
Syzygium forte, commonly known as flaky-barked satinash, white apple or brown satinash, is a tree in the family Myrtaceae native to New Guinea and northern
Syzygium_forte
Genus of flowering plants
ayahuasca brews due to the psychedelic drug dimethyltryptamine found in its root bark. The taxonomy of the genus Mimosa has gone through several periods of splitting
Mimosa
of the leaf. Epiphloedal – growing on the bark of trees. Epiphloedic – an organism that grows on the bark of trees. Epiphyllous – growing on the leaves
Glossary_of_plant_morphology
Genus of plants
of Rubiaceae Kew Neotropical Plants Image Database Shutterstock, peeling bark of the capirona tree (Capirona decorticans) in the Ecuadorian Amazon ALRfoto
Capirona
Legendary ghost ship
Lawrence, Late in the evening, September 1804: "Fast gliding along, a gloomy bark / Her sails are full, though the wind is still, / And there blows not a breath
Flying_Dutchman
Species of slime mould
is relatively common with a worldwide distribution, often being found on bark, mulch, lawns, as well as other rotting organic matter in urban areas after
Fuligo_septica
Genus of trees
release the seeds, unlike the woody, cone-like female alder catkins. The bark of all birches is characteristically marked with long, horizontal lenticels
Birch
Genus of plants
the pest. Damage occurs when emerald ash borer larvae feed on the inner bark, phloem of ash trees, preventing nutrient and water transportation. The European
Fraxinus
Species of plant native to Africa
result of a fused circle of three to eight stems sprouting from roots. The bark is grey and usually smooth. The main branches can be massive. All baobabs
Adansonia_digitata
Species of vine
bark of Periploca graeca contains the toxic cardenolide glycoside periplocin with activity similar to digitoxin. The essential oil of the stem bark contains
Periploca_graeca
Tissue that allows gas exchange in plant organs
dictionary.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-11 Gibson, Arthur C. "Bark Features in General Botany". Archived from the original on 2013-11-17. Retrieved 2012-08-19
Lenticel
Order of fungi
which can be found in numerous cases, including some termites and many bark beetles. In the cases of most beetle symbioses, the Ophiostomatales fungi
Ophiostomatales
Subgenera of genus Betula (birch), are; Bark on twigs rich in methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen). Female catkins erect. Diploid (2n = 28). Betula lenta
List_of_Betula_species
Genus of fungi
a genus of ascomycete fungi in the family Ophiostomataceae, which infect bark. Strzałka, Beata; Jankowiak, Robert; Bilański, Piotr; Patel, Nikita; Hausner
Ceratocystiopsis
Species of plant
40. The bark of young branches is green and sparsely covered with curly-haired trichomes, which fall off with age. The greyish to brownish bark is relatively
Malpighia_emarginata
Genus of legumes
"mouse killer" in reference to the traditional use of the toxic seeds and bark of G. sepium as rodenticides. The tree is leafless when in flower and bears
Gliricidia
Species of plant
cyclitol or cyclic polyol. It was first isolated in 1908 by K. Kübler from the bark of the vine. As of November 2023[update], Plants of the World Online accepted
Ruehssia_cundurango
Genus of cacti
the Caribbean. Unlike most cacti, it has persistent leaves and develops bark on its stems early in its growth. The genus was created in 2012 by Joël Lodé
Leuenbergeria
Order of insects
coastal habitats, wherever vegetative foliage is found, from trees and their bark to flowers, leaves, and underground near roots - even inside plants in galls
Beetle
Species of tree
Burma. It is used as an ornamental elsewhere for its striking shiny brown bark. It has been found growing at 3,925 m (12,900 ft) above sea level in the
Prunus_rufa
Species of flowering plant
endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is usually an erect tree with smooth bark, bipinnate leaves and spherical heads of fragrant pale yellow or cream-coloured
Acacia_mearnsii
Species of tree endemic to New Zealand
characteristic of the lower strata of the tropical rainforest. The tree has thin bark and a pale brownish-grey trunk that becomes attractively buttressed at the
Laurelia_novae-zelandiae
Species of eucalyptus
medium-sized tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has smooth, powdery bark, heart-shaped, egg-shaped to almost round leaves, flower buds in groups of
Eucalyptus_platyphylla
Species of legume
a shrub or tree commonly known as the desert dogwood, desert oak or cork-bark wattle. To the Indigenous Australian people of the Pilbara, the Nyangumarta
Acacia_sericophylla
Species of plant in the myrtle family
Syzygium alliiligneum, commonly known as onionwood, Mission Beach satinash or bark in the wood is a species of plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic
Syzygium_alliiligneum
Quaternary ammonium cation
derived from the genus of plants, Berberis. Berberine occurs in the roots, bark, stems, and leaves of Berberis vulgaris (barberry), Berberis aristata (tree
Berberine
Fungal plant disease
The foamy bark canker is a disease affecting oak trees in California caused by the fungus Geosmithia sp. #41 and spread by the Western oak bark beetle
Foamy_bark_canker
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