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A degradative enzyme is an enzyme (in a broader sense a protein) which degrades biological molecules. Some examples of degradative enzymes: Lipase, which
Degradative_enzyme
Enzyme found in humans
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) (also known as insulinase, insulin protease, or insulysin) is a large zinc-binding protease of the M16 metalloprotease family
Insulin-degrading_enzyme
Type of enzyme
An oxalate degrading enzyme is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the biodegradation of oxalate. Enzymes in this class include oxalate oxidase, oxalate decarboxylase
Oxalate_degrading_enzyme
Class of enzymes
Digestive enzymes take part in the chemical process of digestion, which follows the mechanical process of digestion. Food consists of macromolecules of
Digestive_enzyme
Species of bacterium
(soft) PET in approximately 6 weeks, and the responsible PETase enzyme was shown to degrade high-crystallinity (hard) PET approximately 30-fold slower (180
Ideonella_sakaiensis
Class of enzymes
an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme to produce biliverdin, ferrous iron, and carbon monoxide. There are many heme degrading enzymes in nature
Heme_oxygenase
Cell membrane organelle
proteins. This forms a glycocalyx that protects the cell from the degradative enzymes held within the lysosome. Lysosomal hydrolases are pH-sensitive and
Lysosome
Mammalian protein found in humans
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (EC 3.4.15.1), or ACE, is a central component of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which controls blood pressure by regulating
Angiotensin-converting_enzyme
Enzyme
sulfatases and phospholipases and make up the approximately 50 degradative enzymes of the lysosome that break apart biological matter. Nucleases (P1
Acid_hydrolase
Peptide hormone
systemic circulation. Degradation normally involves endocytosis of the insulin-receptor complex, then the action of insulin-degrading enzyme on the B-chain,
Insulin
Glucose polymer used as energy store in plants
chains require phosphorylation in order to be accessible for degrading enzymes. The enzyme glucan, water dikinase installs a phosphate at the C-6 position
Starch
Large biological molecule that acts as a catalyst
An enzyme is a biological macromolecule, usually a protein, that acts as a biological catalyst, accelerating chemical reactions without being consumed
Enzyme
Fermentation starter
exopeptidase genes. Similarly, starch-degrading enzymes (glucosidases) are more strongly expressed and protein-degrading enzymes (proteases) less strongly expressed
Kōji_(food)
Class of enzymes
acyl-homoserine lactone acylase, AHL lactonase, AHL-degrading enzyme, AHL-inactivating enzyme, AHLase, AhlD, AhlK, AiiA, AiiA lactonase, AiiA-like protein
Lactonase
Class of enzymes
cyanophycin degrading enzyme, beta-Asp-Arg hydrolysing enzyme, CGPase, CphB, CphE, cyanophycin granule polypeptidase, extracellular CGPase) is an enzyme. It catalyses
Cyanophycinase
Enzymes produced by fungi and secreted outside their cells
and assimilation. These enzymes degrade complex organic matter such as cellulose and hemicellulose into simple sugars that enzyme-producing organisms use
Fungal extracellular enzyme activity
Fungal_extracellular_enzyme_activity
Presumed set of adverse reactions
symptoms and to analyze whether oral administration of the histamine-degrading enzyme DAO caused a reduction of symptoms". In this study, neither major nor
Histamine_intolerance
Enzyme that cleaves other proteins into smaller peptides
A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides
Protease
Genus of bacteria
arabinoxylans allows for the oligosaccharide to be fully degraded by ENDOX enzymes, which fully degrade the xylan backbone within the cell. García-López, Marina;
Breznakibacter
Common and widespread fly of the family Stratiomyidae
represent an optimal ecological niche for isolating enzymes and microbial strains with optimized plastic-degrading ability. H. illucens could be a feasible feedstock
Hermetia_illucens
Organic compound involved in immune responses
histamine is either stored or rapidly inactivated by its primary degradative enzymes, histamine-N-methyltransferase or diamine oxidase. In the central
Histamine
Species of bacteria
can digest certain by-products of nylon 6 manufacture. It uses a set of enzymes to digest nylon, popularly known as nylonase. In 1975, a team of Japanese
Nylon-eating_bacteria
Enzyme
oxidase, copper-containing, 1 (AOC1), formerly called histaminase, is an enzyme (EC 1.4.3.22) involved in the metabolism, oxidation, and inactivation of
Diamine_oxidase
Decomposition by living organisms
PET degrading enzyme of the bacterium, PETase, has been genetically modified and combined with MHETase to break down PET faster, and also degrade PEF
Biodegradation
Species of bacterium
can catalyze several enzymes before releasing the cellulose substrate, could play a role in allowing C. hutchinsonii to degrade without encoding separate
Cytophaga_hutchinsonii
Test for alpha-amylase activity in flour
of the starch-degrading enzyme alpha-amylase. Severely sprouted grain kernels can contain several thousand times the amount of enzyme of sound un-sprouted
Falling_number
Structural phenolic polymer in plant cell walls
ligninolytic enzymes are found in Phanerochaete chrysosporium and other white rot fungi. Some white rot fungi, such as Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, can degrade the
Lignin
Molecule that blocks enzyme activity
An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and blocks its activity. Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions necessary for
Enzyme_inhibitor
Class of enzymes
Schläfli Oppenberg HR, Kroneck PM, Leisinger T, Cook AM (September 1996). "Degradative pathways for p-toluenecarboxylate and p-toluenesulfonate and their multicomponent
4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonate dehydrogenase
4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonate_dehydrogenase
Naturally produced monosaccharide
In turn, disaccharides are mostly degraded by specific glycosidases to glucose. The names of the degrading enzymes are often derived from the particular
Glucose
Rare metabolism disorder
deficient enzymes to allow them to penetrate the blood–brain barrier, stabilization of abnormal but active enzyme to prevent its degradation, and implantation
Sanfilippo_syndrome
Class of enzymes that divide DNA
A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or restrictase is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition
Restriction_enzyme
Membrane-bound organelle in cells containing fluid
into or out of the vacuole. The low pH of the vacuole also allows degradative enzymes to act. Although single large vacuoles are most common, the size
Vacuole
Family of snakes
Britain. Viperid venoms typically contain an abundance of protein-degrading enzymes, called proteases, that produce symptoms such as pain, strong local
Viper
Possible earliest ancestor of the LUCA ancestral cell
information, viruses may initially have used DNA as a way to resist RNA-degrading enzymes present in the host ribocells. The introduction of a DNA-based system
First universal common ancestor
First_universal_common_ancestor
Scientific study of plant diseases
In most plant pathosystems, virulence depends on hydrolases and enzymes that degrade the cell wall. The vast majority of these act on pectins (for example
Plant_pathology
Organelle of sperm cells
placental mammals, the acrosome contains degradative enzymes (including hyaluronidase and acrosin). These enzymes break down the outer membrane of the ovum
Acrosome
Enzymes
to the formation of a covalent acyl-enzyme intermediate. In the second step, the addition of CoA (in the degradative reaction) or acetyl-CoA (in the biosynthetic
Thiolase
Biological process
substrate has led many fungi to evolve a range of highly specific degradative enzymes. Among the fungi are species that are generalist in their nutrient
Extracellular_digestion
Peptide hormone that plays a role in glycemic regulation
control the post-prandial glucose excursion. Amylin is degraded in part by insulin-degrading enzyme. Another long- acting analogue of Amylin is Cagrilintide
Amylin
Physical model of propagating energy
Skin with Visible Light Induces Reactive Oxygen Species and Matrix-Degrading Enzymes". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 132 (7): 1901–1907. doi:10
Electromagnetic_radiation
Chemical compound
Structurally, it is a dinucleotide that only differs from the house-keeping enzyme cofactor, NADP by a hydroxyl group (replacing the nicotinamide amino group)
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinic_acid_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate
Class of medications used primarily to treat high blood pressure
inhibiting the ACE enzyme in the bradykinin system, the ACE inhibitor drugs allow for increased levels of bradykinin which would normally be degraded. Bradykinin
ACE_inhibitor
mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Lignin is found to be degraded by enzyme lignin peroxidases produced by some fungi like Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Lignin_peroxidase
Species of carnivorous plant
secretory glands of Droseraceae contain proteases and possibly other degradative enzymes, it may be that the presence of oxygen-activating redox cofactors
Venus_flytrap
Proteins similar to insulin that stimulate cell proliferation
IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP1 to IGFBP7), as well as associated IGFBP degrading enzymes, referred to collectively as proteases. The IGF "axis" is also commonly
Insulin-like_growth_factor
Physiological molecule and therapeutic drug
acid can be degraded by a family of enzymes called hyaluronidases. In humans, there are at least seven types of hyaluronidase-like enzymes, several of
Hyaluronic_acid
Any species of fungus that digests moist wood, causing it to rot
types are brown rot, soft rot, and white rot. Each produce different enzymes, can degrade different plant materials, and can colonise different environmental
Wood-decay_fungus
g., the enzymes) into the complex. Within a cellulosome, multiple endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases, xylanases and other degradative enzymes work synergistically
Cellulosome
Family of fungi
The polysaccharide degrading enzymes produced by anaerobic fungi can hydrolyse the most recalcitrant plant polymers and can degrade unlignified plant cell
Neocallimastigomycota
American molecular biologist, biochemist, and organic chemist (born 1973)
Saghatelian, A.; Liu, D. R. (2014). "Anti-Diabetic Activity of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Inhibitors Mediated by Multiple Hormones". Nature. 511 (7507): 94–98
David_R._Liu
Species of insect
final degradation into glucose, is present in the foregut, but not in the head tissue; β-xylosidase activity is very low in the head, but the enzyme is present
Ctenolepisma_longicaudatum
AM, Beilstein P, Grossenbacher H, Hutter R (1985). "Ring cleavage and degradative pathway of cyanuric acid in bacteria". Biochem. J. 231 (1): 25–30. doi:10
Biuret_amidohydrolase
Organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA) is an enzyme that been shown to be particularly effective in detoxifying organophosphorus-containing compounds
Organophosphorus acid anhydrolase
Organophosphorus_acid_anhydrolase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Thyrotropin releasing hormone degrading enzyme is a protein, specifically a pyroglutamyl-peptidase II enzyme, that in humans is encoded by the TRHDE gene
TRHDE
InterPro Family
degradation, 1,4-dichlorobenzene degradation, fluorene degradation, carbazole degradation, ethylbenzene degradation, and styrene degradation. Enzyme 4
2-oxopent-4-enoate_hydratase
Protein-coding gene in humans
2015). "CALHM1 ion channel elicits amyloid-β clearance by insulin-degrading enzyme in cell lines and in vivo in the mouse brain". J Cell Sci. 128 (13):
CALHM1
Shedding of various parts of an organism
components, leading to metabolic dysfunction and expression of cell wall-degrading enzymes (WDEs). While researchers originally believed abscisic acid to be
Abscission
Class of enzymes
this enzyme class is 4-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane degradation. Enzyme 1.2
4-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
4-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde_dehydrogenase
Natural animal fiber
with a mild detergent. Detergents which contain bleach or enzymes (protein-degrading enzymes) are unsuitable, as they damage the hair structure. In the
Vicuña_wool
Organic compound and major metabolic intermediate
Fujiwara, S; Noguchi T (1995). "Degradation of purines: only ureidoglycollate lyase out of four allantoin-degrading enzymes is present in mammals". The Biochemical
Allantoin
Polysaccharides formed from mannose
mannan degradation Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) Moreira, L. R. S.; Filho, E. X. F. (2008). "An overview of mannan structure and mannan-degrading enzyme systems"
Mannans
False leg found on slime molds, archaea, protozoans, leukocytes and certain bacteria
recruit PIP3 to the membrane at the leading edge and detach the PIP3-degrading enzyme PTEN from the same area of the membrane. PIP3 then activate GTPases
Pseudopodia
Ability of bacteria to break down plastic polymers
between the microbial potential to degrade plastics and the content of global plastic pollution. Of the 30,000 enzyme homologues isolated, 12,000 were found
Plastic degradation by marine bacteria
Plastic_degradation_by_marine_bacteria
Type of flowers of two different colors
involves different gene expression patterns of pigment biosynthesis or degrading enzymes. This results in either higher accumulation of pigment molecules in
Picotee
Type of enzyme
matrix metalloproteinases, and M16 metalloproteinases such as Insulin Degrading Enzyme and Presequence Protease In the MEROPS database peptidase families
Metalloproteinase
Topics referred to by the same term
Intact dilation and extraction, a form of abortion Insulin-degrading enzyme, Insulysin, an enzyme Infectious disease epidemiology, the study of the patterns
IDE
Chemical compound
related peptide drug, Selank, have been found to inhibit enzymes involved in the degradation of enkephalins and other endogenous regulatory peptides (IC50
Semax
Poisonous species of fungus
to obtain nutrients, have a more complete complement of cell wall-degrading enzymes. Although few ectomycorrhizal fungi have yet been tested in this way
Amanita_bisporigera
Group of peptides
being responsible for the recognition and degradation of amyloid beta; these include insulin degrading enzyme and presequence protease. The rate of removal
Amyloid_beta
Cell membrane engulfing a large particle
phagolysosome and leading to degradation. Progressively, the phagolysosome is acidified, activating degradative enzymes. Degradation can be oxygen-dependent
Phagocytosis
Growth of fibrous or connective tissue
cancer cells secrete matrix degrading enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that, once cleaved and activated, degrade the matrix, thereby releasing
Desmoplasia
Harmful high-frequency radiation
skin with visible light induces reactive oxygen species and matrix-degrading enzymes". J. Invest. Dermatol. 132 (7): 1901–1907. doi:10.1038/jid.2011.476
Ionizing_radiation
Species of bacterium
organism associated with pitted keratolysis, produces two keratin-degrading enzymes". Journal of Applied Microbiology. 93 (5): 810–816. doi:10.1046/j
Kytococcus_sedentarius
Class of enzymes
dinucleotide as a cofactor and participates in toluene and xylene degradation. Enzyme 1.14.12.11 at KEGG Pathway Database. Renganathan V (1989). "Possible
Toluene_dioxygenase
Common label for a group of three types of fungus
reportedly act as virulence factors. Additionally, the products of these degradative enzymes serve as nutrients for the fungi. The development of cell-mediated
Dermatophyte
Bodily response to the presence of a foreign object
intermediates, degradative enzymes, and acid onto the biomaterial surface. Foreign body giant cells also attempt to engulf the biomaterial for degradation. Adherent
Foreign_body_reaction
Class of enzymes
Ubiquitin-activating enzymes, also known as E1 enzymes, catalyze the first step in the ubiquitination reaction, which (among other things) can target
Ubiquitin-activating_enzyme
Enzyme
dehydrogenase (NAD+). This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via hydroxylation and toluene and xylene degradation. Enzyme 1.2.1.28 at KEGG Pathway
Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
Benzaldehyde_dehydrogenase_(NAD+)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Torriglia A, Tschachler E, Eckhart L (2011). "DNase 2 is the main DNA-degrading enzyme of the stratum corneum". PLOS ONE. 6 (3) e17581. Bibcode:2011PLoSO
Deoxyribonuclease_2_beta
Combustible sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbon
explanation, reconstruction of ancestral enzymes by phylogenetic analysis corroborated a hypothesis that lignin degrading enzymes appeared in fungi approximately
Coal
Genus of mushroom
cellulose. There has been significant research interest on the wood-degrading enzymes of Ganoderma species for industrial applications, such as biopulping
Ganoderma
Species of fungus
are septate and hyaline. Once established, the mycelium secretes degradative enzymes or proteins which can break down complex nutrients (food). Individual
Aspergillus_flavus
pathways that are involved in starch degradation. The occurrence of starch degradation into sugar by the enzyme amylase was most commonly known to take
Amylolytic_process
East Asian fermentation starter
starch degrading enzymes and are found commonly on 100% flour substrates, whilst Actinomucor and Mucor produce more proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes and
Jiuqu
Specific genus of RNA viruses
The cap stabilises viral mRNA by protecting it from nucleic acid-degrading enzymes called nucleases. VP4 is on the surface of the virion that protrudes
Rotavirus
Pharmaceutical drug
Imlifidase is a cysteine protease derived from the immunoglobulin G (IgG)‑degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes. It cleaves the heavy chains of all human
Imlifidase
Virus that infects bacteria
phage genes responsible for coding enzymes that degrade the biofilm matrix, phage structural proteins, and the enzymes responsible for lysis of the bacterial
Bacteriophage
Species of bacterium
have been found to include production of antibiotic-degrading or antibiotic-inactivating enzymes, outer membrane proteins to evict the antibiotics, and
Pseudomonas_aeruginosa
Protein domain
membrane surroundings, thus making it more accessible to the soluble degradative enzymes. All mammalian saposins are synthesized as a single precursor molecule
Saposin_protein_domain
Species of fungus
release of various cell wall degrading enzymes which allow the fungus to attach itself to the plant and begin degradation. The suggested mode of attack
Alternaria_brassicicola
reductase, and 1,2-didehydropipecolic reductase. This enzyme participates in lysine degradation. Enzyme 1.5.1.21 at KEGG Pathway Database. Payton CW, Chang
Delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase
Delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate_reductase
Organic chemical and neurotransmitter
of non-neural origins as well as microbes. Recently, enzymes related to its synthesis, degradation and cellular uptake have been traced back to early origins
Acetylcholine
Species of Gram-positive bacterium
against S. aureus embedded in biofilms. A class of enzymes has been found to have biofilm matrix-degrading ability, thus may be used as biofilm dispersal
Staphylococcus_aureus
Inflammation of the gums
accumulations may be tiny, the bacteria in them produce chemicals, such as degradative enzymes, and toxins, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS, otherwise known as
Gingivitis
Caregiver of offspring in their own species
placenta has insulin receptors that stimulate the production of insulin-degrading enzymes which counteract this effect. In Europe, parents are generally happier
Parent
Group of enzymes
Aggrecanases are extracellular proteolytic enzymes that are members of the ADAMTS (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin Motifs) family
Aggrecanase
Chemical compound
Halofantrine has also been shown to bind to plasmepsin, a haemoglobin degrading enzyme unique to the malarial parasites. Halofantrine was developed at SRI
Halofantrine
Cell stripped of cell-wall
polysaccharides. Protoplasts can be made by degrading cell walls with a mixture of the appropriate polysaccharide-degrading enzymes: During and subsequent to digestion
Protoplast
Localized enlargement of the abdominal aorta
(GZMB) (a protein-degrading enzyme) to be a potential target in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Elimination of this enzyme in mice models both
Abdominal_aortic_aneurysm
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