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Cool Earth Solar has developed concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) technology to build solar power plants. The company is headquartered in Stockton, California
Cool_Earth_Solar
Third planet from the Sun
one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its ocean, which covers 70.8% of Earth's crust. The
Earth
Star at the centre of the Solar System
Solar System; its diameter is about 1,391,400 km (864,600 mi), around 109 times that of Earth. The Sun's mass is around 330,000 times that of Earth,
Sun
Hypotheses for the possible sources of the water on Earth
delivered to Earth from the outer Solar System later in its history. Recent research, however, indicates that hydrogen inside the Earth played a role
Origin_of_water_on_Earth
Underground heat exchanger loop that can capture or dissipate heat to or from the ground
they are called earth tubes (or Canadian well, Provençal well, Solar chimney, also termed earth cooling tubes, earth warming tubes, earth-air heat exchangers
Ground-coupled_heat_exchanger
Cooling system that uses solar power
Solar air conditioning, or "solar-powered air conditioning", refers to any air conditioning (cooling) system that uses solar power. This can be done through
Solar_air_conditioning
Building design approach
upper atmosphere (night sky), the outdoor air (wind), and the earth/soil. Passive cooling is an important tool for design of buildings for climate change
Passive_cooling
Measurement of electromagnetic radiation
solar irradiance has several important applications, including the prediction of energy generation from solar power plants, the heating and cooling loads
Solar_irradiance
Loss of heat by thermal radiation
range can exhibit cooling even in direct sunlight. The Earth-atmosphere system is radiatively cooled, emitting long-wave (infrared) radiation which balances
Radiative_cooling
Planetary system consisting of the Sun and objects orbiting it
The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the masses that orbit it, most prominently its eight planets, of which Earth is one
Solar_System
Management strategy for global warming
process of radiative cooling, in which the Earth cools by releasing heat to space. PDRC operates during daytime. On a clear day, solar irradiance can reach
Passive daytime radiative cooling
Passive_daytime_radiative_cooling
migration explains parts of the Solar System's current structure. In roughly five billion years, the Sun's surface will cool as the fusion of hydrogen to
Formation and evolution of the Solar System
Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System
Ventilation using solar energy
maximize the cooling effect, the incoming air may be led through underground ducts before it is allowed to enter the building. The solar chimney can be
Solar_chimney
Form of climate engineering
or ground-based albedo modification (GBAM), is a solar radiation management method of enhancing Earth's albedo (the ability to reflect the visible, infrared
Reflective surfaces (climate engineering)
Reflective_surfaces_(climate_engineering)
Concept for energy flows to and from Earth
energy sources, such as Earth's internal heat, are taken into consideration, but make a tiny contribution compared to solar energy. The energy budget
Earth's_energy_budget
Void between celestial bodies
spaceflight to low Earth orbit and the Moon. On the other hand, uncrewed spacecraft have reached all of the known planets in the Solar System. Outer space
Outer_space
Natural satellite orbiting Earth
the Earth, and its diameter is 3,474 km (2,159 mi), roughly one-quarter of Earth's (about as wide as the contiguous United States). Within the Solar System
Moon
Ratio of how much light is reflected back from a body
itself, but also by the spectral and angular distribution of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. These factors vary with atmospheric composition
Albedo
Red dwarf star in the constellation Camelopardalis
cool and quiet star with an effective temperature of 3,340 K and a luminosity of 0.9% solar luminosity. As of 2026, only one exoplanet, a super-Earth
GJ_3378
Style of architecture that uses native materials and upcycled materials to build homes
Earthships are designed to behave as passive solar earth shelters made of both natural and upcycled materials such as earth-packed tires. Earthships may feature
Earthship
Geologic eon, 4567–4031 million years ago
still uncertainty. Earth in the early Hadean had a very thick hydride-rich atmosphere whose composition likely resembled the solar nebula and the gas
Hadean
Earth's magnetic field deflects most of the solar wind, whose charged particles would otherwise strip away the ozone layer that protects the Earth from
Earth's_magnetic_field
accuracy often depending on how close the object is to Earth or whether it has been visited by a probe. Solar System objects more massive than 1021 kilograms
List of Solar System objects by size
List_of_Solar_System_objects_by_size
Other notable companies include: Anwell Solar, Hong Kong, China Ascent Solar, Tucson, Arizona, US Cool Earth Solar, California, US Dyesol, Canberra, Australia
List of photovoltaics companies
List_of_photovoltaics_companies
House partially or entirely surrounded by earth
high to permit earth cooling if temperatures fluctuate only slightly from day to night. Preferably, there should be adequate winter solar radiation and
Earth_shelter
Eruption of electromagnetic radiation
The extreme ultraviolet and X-ray radiation from solar flares is absorbed by the daylight side of Earth's upper atmosphere, in particular the ionosphere
Solar_flare
Cool Earth 50 (also known as Cool Earth) is a plan developed by Japan to reduce global CO2 emissions 50% by 2050, which was discussed at the 34th G8 summit
Cool_Earth_50
Water distillation and purification system using solar energy
A solar still distills water with substances dissolved in it by using the heat of the Sun to evaporate water so that it may be cooled and collected, thereby
Solar_still
Long-range solar-powered aircraft
non-stop. The Solar Impulse project's goals were to make the first circumnavigation of the Earth by a piloted fixed-wing aircraft using only solar power and
Solar_Impulse
Radiant light and heat from the Sun, harnessed with technology
global warming .... these advantages are global". The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately
Solar_energy
Fluid layer between Earth's solid inner core and its mantle
in the early Solar System, so differences between CI meteorites and BSE can provide insights into the light element composition of Earth's outer core.
Earth's_outer_core
; Fouesneau, M. (2010). "Discovery of a very cool brown dwarf amongst the ten nearest stars to the Solar System". arXiv:1004.0317v1 [astro-ph.SR]. "Nearby
List_of_nearest_stars
generates about 10.7% of its electricity from solar power. Additionally, the UK's higher wind speeds cool PV modules, leading to higher efficiencies than
Solar power in the United Kingdom
Solar_power_in_the_United_Kingdom
Opposing climate states on Earth
(CO2) and less importantly methane (CH4), changes in Earth's orbit, long-term changes in the solar constant, and oceanic and orogenic changes from tectonic
Greenhouse_and_icehouse_Earth
Periodic change in the Sun's activity
well as the Earth's atmosphere and also possibly climate fluctuations on scales of centuries and longer. Understanding and predicting the solar cycle remains
Solar_cycle
Large-scale methods to reflect sunlight and cool Earth
Solar radiation modification (SRM), also called solar geoengineering, is a group of large-scale approaches to reduce global warming by increasing the
Solar_radiation_modification
Period in Earth's history
involved the planet's formation from the solar nebula via a process known as accretion, and transition of the Earth's atmosphere from a hydrogen/helium-predominant
Early_Earth
Worldwide glaciation episodes during the Proterozoic eon
Neoproterozoic. Normally, as Earth gets colder due to natural climatic fluctuations and changes in incoming solar radiation, the cooling slows these weathering
Snowball_Earth
Long-term future of planet Earth
Earth can be extrapolated based on the estimated effects of several long-term influences. These include the chemistry at Earth's surface, the cooling
Future_of_Earth
Temperature anomaly event caused by a volcanic eruption
droplets of sulfuric acid obscuring the Sun and raising Earth's albedo (increasing the reflection of solar radiation) after a large, sulfur-rich, particularly
Volcanic_winter
Scientific projections regarding the far future
end of all matter in the universe. All projections of the future of Earth, the Solar System and the universe must account for the second law of thermodynamics
Timeline_of_the_far_future
Hypothesis that complex extraterrestrial life is improbable and extremely rare
to the Solar System are rare. Most planetary systems have super-Earths, several times larger than Earth, close to their star, whereas the Solar System's
Rare_Earth_hypothesis
Scientific dating of the Earth
the age of Earth using an experiment: he created a small globe that resembled Earth in composition and then measured its rate of cooling. This led him
Age_of_Earth
Type of mirror designed for sunlight
the usage of solar mirrors both on the Earth's surface and in space. Passive mirror cooling systems reduce temperatures by reflecting solar radiation while
Solar_mirror
Atmospheric heat retention
greenhouse gases, reducing the rate at which the Earth can cool off. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth's average surface temperature would be as cold
Greenhouse_effect
Technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort
energy sources such as solar heat, winter's cold, the cooling potential in some places of lakes or seawater for free cooling, and the enabling function
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning
Global climate cycles
distribution of solar radiation at the Earth's surface, and that this orbital forcing strongly influenced the Earth's climatic patterns. The Earth's rotation
Milankovitch_cycles
Natural phenomena within the Sun's atmosphere
of Earth, and its mass (1.989×1030 kilograms, approximately 330,000 times that of Earth) accounts for some 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System
Solar_phenomena
Gas layer surrounding Earth
protective buffer between the Earth's surface and outer space. It shields the surface from most meteoroids and ultraviolet solar radiation, reduces diurnal
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Potential for life-friendly planets orbiting brown dwarfs
duration for lower-mass objects, as they cool faster, and eventually the Roche limit becomes a problem. For a 0.04-solar mass object, the maximum HZ time would
Habitability of brown dwarf systems
Habitability_of_brown_dwarf_systems
Concept of collecting solar power in outer space and distributing it to Earth
Space-based solar power (SBSP or SSP) is the concept of collecting solar power in outer space with solar power satellites (SPS) and distributing it to Earth. Its
Space-based_solar_power
Accounting of heat created within the Earth
and Physics of the Earth's Interior. Based on calculations of Earth's cooling rate, which assumed constant conductivity in the Earth's interior, in 1862
Earth's_internal_heat_budget
Orbits where planets may have liquid surface water
not a Solar analog. Kapteyn b, discovered in June 2014, was thought to is a possible rocky world of about 4.8 Earth masses and about 1.5 Earth radii orbiting
Habitable_zone
Energy transfer mechanism which enables planetary cooling
and incoming solar shortwave radiation (energy gained) determines whether the Earth is experiencing global heating or cooling (see Earth's energy budget)
Outgoing_longwave_radiation
Explains the role of Transpiration in mitigating climate change
Transpirational cooling is the cooling provided as plants transpire water. Excess heat generated from solar radiation is damaging to plant cells and thermal
Transpirational cooling (biological)
Transpirational_cooling_(biological)
Central region of the Sun
The solar core is the hot, dense region at the center of the Sun where energy is generated by nuclear fusion. It is considered to extend from the Sun's
Solar_core
Records of Earth's development
they were originally far more common in the inner parts of the Solar System. As Earth cooled, clouds formed. Rain created the oceans. Recent evidence suggests
History_of_Earth
First planet from the Sun
and from the other planets in the Solar System. Mercury's sidereal year (88.0 Earth days) and sidereal day (58.65 Earth days) are in a 3:2 ratio, in a spin–orbit
Mercury_(planet)
Equilibrium points near two orbiting bodies
Observatory (DSCOVR) is located at L1 to study solar wind coming toward Earth from the Sun and to monitor Earth's climate, by taking images and sending them
Lagrange_point
Division of the year
and January. It is Earth's axial tilt that causes the Sun to be higher in the sky during the summer months, which increases the solar flux. Because of seasonal
Season
Architecture designed to minimize environmental impact
of solar shading, by means of awnings, blinds or shutters, to reduce the solar heat gain in summer and to reduce the need for artificial cooling. In
Sustainable_architecture
Thermal engineering discipline concerning transfer of heat in physical systems
radiative cooling, which enhances terrestrial heat flow to outer space through the infrared window (8–13 μm). Rather than merely blocking solar radiation
Heat_transfer
Includes rocks over 4 billion years old from the Hadean Eon
formation of the Solar System. Some pre-solar grains extracted from the Murchison meteorite have been claimed to be 7 billion years old. Age of Earth – Scientific
Oldest_dated_rocks
Field of scientific study
warming is not caused by changes in the Sun. Earth formed around 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula. Volcanic outgassing probably created
Solar_activity_and_climate
Engineering the global environment of Venus to make it suitable for humans
clouds, with Bond albedo of 0.77. Birch proposed that solar shades could be used to not merely cool the planet but to also reduce atmospheric pressure as
Terraforming_of_Venus
Life that does not originate on Earth
Earth. As this process takes place in all the universe, said materials are ubiquitous in the cosmos and not a rarity from the Solar System. The Solar
Extraterrestrial_life
Arc-like path that the Sun appears to follow across the sky
place-based seasonal heating and cooling requirements. In the U.S., the precise location-specific altitude-and-azimuth seasonal solar path numbers are available
Sun_path
New Horizons to Continue Exploring Outer Solar System". NASA. Retrieved April 16, 2024. "NASA Rules Out Earth Impact in 2036 for Asteroid Apophis". NASA/JPL
List of future astronomical events
List_of_future_astronomical_events
Outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere
structured by the solar magnetic field. The solar corona lies above the photosphere and chromosphere and extends out to the edge of the solar atmosphere where
Solar_corona
Candidate exoplanet
Retrieved 2026-03-29. "Earth-size planet spotted with yearlong orbit". Science. Retrieved 2026-02-08. Cowing, Keith (2026-01-28). "A Cool Earth-sized Planet Candidate
HD_137010_b
Hypothesized astronomical event
terrestrial planets and their natural satellites in the inner Solar System, including Mercury, Venus, Earth (and the Moon) and Mars. These came from both post-accretion
Late_Heavy_Bombardment
Architectural element for creating a draft
sensor-controlled moving parts or even solar-powered fans to make semi-passive ventilation and semi-passive cooling systems. Windscoops have long been used
Windcatcher
Use of mirrors or lenses to heat a fluid for electricity generation
Concentrated solar power (CSP), also called concentrating solar power or concentrated solar thermal, involves systems that collect solar heat for multiple
Concentrated_solar_power
Hypothesis of the formation of the Moon
has a similar orientation to Earth's rotation, both of which are at a similar angle to the ecliptic plane of the Solar System. The stable isotope ratios
Giant-impact_hypothesis
planet's rock layers (stratigraphy). Earth formed approximately 4.54 billion years ago through accretion from the solar nebula, a disk-shaped mass of dust
Geological_history_of_Earth
Layer of silicate rock
"In Depth | Earth". NASA Solar System Exploration. Archived from the original on 2021-02-12. Retrieved 2021-01-29. "What is the Earth's Mantle Made Of
Earth's_mantle
Type of solar radiation modification
temporarily cool the planet. After a large eruption, these particles can stay in the air for a year or more. Natural aerosols cool the Earth. When large
Stratospheric aerosol injection
Stratospheric_aerosol_injection
Annualized geothermal solar Earth cooling tubes Geothermal heat pump Heat recovery ventilation Hot water heat recycling Passive cooling Renewable heat Seasonal
List of low-energy building techniques
List_of_low-energy_building_techniques
Architectural engineering that uses the Sun's heat without electric or mechanical systems
swings, solar cookers, the solar chimney for enhancing natural ventilation, and earth sheltering. More widely, solar technologies include the solar furnace
Passive_solar_building_design
Technology using sunlight for heat
insolation, the greater the cooling output. In 1878, Auguste Mouchout pioneered solar cooling by making ice using a solar steam engine attached to a refrigeration
Solar_thermal_energy
Device which rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream
A cooling tower is a device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a coolant stream, usually a water stream, to a lower temperature
Cooling_tower
Device used to produce electricity from light
still are) the main power source for most Earth orbiting satellites and a number of probes into the Solar System, since they offered the best power-to-weight
Solar_cell
Telescope used to observe the Sun
pass through the complete structure and provide cooling around the telescope's main mirror. Another solar telescope-specific problem is the heat generated
Solar_telescope
NASA satellite of the Explorer program (2002-2018)
physics of particle acceleration and energy release in solar flares. The spacecraft re-entered Earth's atmosphere at 00:21 UTC on 20 April 2023, 21 years
Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager
Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager
Phenomenon where interior material reaches the surface of an astronomical body
the Solar System where volcanoes can be easily seen due to their high activity, Earth and Io. Its lavas are the hottest known anywhere in the Solar System
Volcanism
the Earth (see graph above, left). In the three decades since 1978, the combination of solar and volcanic activity probably had a slight cooling influence
History of climate change science
History_of_climate_change_science
Second planet from the Sun
and mass to Earth, Venus has no liquid water, and its atmosphere is far thicker and denser than that of any other rocky body in the Solar System. The
Venus
Reduction in the amount of sunlight reaching Earth's surface
industrialization. Solar activity did not vary more than the usual during this period. Aerosols have a cooling effect on the earth's atmosphere, and global
Global_dimming
Pressure exerted upon any surface exposed to electromagnetic radiation
optomechanics Laser cooling LIGO Optical tweezers Photon Poynting vector Poynting's theorem Poynting–Robertson effect Quantum optics Solar constant Solar sail Sunlight
Radiation_pressure
Planet outside of the Solar System
An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside the Solar System. The first confirmed detection of an exoplanet was in 1992 around a pulsar, and
Exoplanet
Period of long-term reduction in temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere
comparatively short periods of cooling. Colder periods are called glacials or ice ages, and warmer periods are called interglacials. Earth's climate alternates between
Ice_age
Single yellow-hued star in the constellation Cetus
would face far more impact events than present day Earth. Despite this hurdle to habitability, its solar analog (Sun-like) characteristics have led to widespread
Tau_Ceti
Approximation of the figure of Earth as a sphere
ellipsoid. Weather powered by solar energy can also move water, rock, and soil to make Earth slightly out of round. Earth undulates as the shape of its
Spherical_Earth
Angle between the orbital plane of a satellite and the vector to the sun
degrees for Earth at present). The RAAN and inclination are properties of the satellite's orbit, and the solar longitude is a function of Earth's position
Beta_angle
Storage of heat or cold for periods of up to several months
the cycle. For cooling applications, often only circulation pumps are used. Examples for district heating include Drake Landing Solar Community where
Seasonal thermal energy storage
Seasonal_thermal_energy_storage
Artificial satellites designed to change the amount of solar radiation that impacts Earth
Solar mirrors in space can be used to change the amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth. The concept was first theorised in 1923 by physicist Hermann
Space_mirror
Solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface
Diffuse sky radiation, is solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface after having been scattered from the direct solar beam by molecules or particulates
Diffuse_sky_radiation
American theoretical physicist
Solar System from meteorite data. In his last work in helioseismology, it was determined, self-consistently, that the Sun's surface shrinks and cools
Philip_R._Goode
Earth shield to reduce sunlight
between the Earth and Sun. A sunshade could potentially be one climate engineering method for mitigating global warming through solar radiation management
Space_sunshade
Building designed to be independent from public infrastructure
whole winter, and enough winter cold to cool the building in summer. In annualized geo solar systems, the solar collector is often separate from (and hotter
Autonomous_building
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