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Includes rocks over 4 billion years old from the Hadean Eon
The oldest dated rocks formed on Earth, as an aggregate of minerals that have not been subsequently broken down by erosion or melted, are more than 4 billion
Oldest_dated_rocks
the oldest rocks on the face of the earth. The Isua greenstone belt in southwestern Greenland contains some of the oldest dated rocks on Earth, dated at
Geography_of_Greenland
Hypothetical types of biochemistry List of longest-living organisms Oldest dated rocks Outline of biology Outline of life forms Timeline of the evolutionary
Earliest_known_life_forms
Area of ancient rocks in northwest Canada
Craton includes the 4.03 Ga-old Acasta Gneiss which is one of the oldest dated rocks on Earth. Covering about 300,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi), it is a relatively
Slave_Craton
Geologic eon, 4567–4031 million years ago
"remains of biotic life" were found in 4.1-billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. The oldest dated zircon crystals, enclosed in a metamorphosed sandstone
Hadean
Metamorphic rock unit in Canada
geologic timeline hallway. Age of the Earth Archean felsic volcanic rocks Oldest dated rocks Reimink, J.R., Chacko, T., Stern, R.A. and Heaman, L.M., 2016b
Acasta_Gneiss
Scientific dating of the Earth
universe Creation myth Geochronology History of Earth Natural history Oldest dated rocks Timeline of natural history "Age of the Earth". U.S. Geological Survey
Age_of_Earth
Geologic sequence in Quebec, Canada
have undergone extensive metamorphism, and represent some of the oldest surface rocks on Earth. The age of the Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt is still subject
Nuvvuagittuq_Greenstone_Belt
Volcanic mountain in Iran
geologically young volcano which formed mainly in the Quaternary, with the oldest dated rocks being 11.7 million years old and the youngest 0.6 million years. Although
Bazman
Dutch Caribbean island
9 mi) east to west and 4.0 kilometers (2.5 mi) north to south. The oldest dated rocks on Saba are around 400,000 years old, and the most recent eruption
Saba_(island)
Range of hills in Western Australia
have been found in these rocks, and a 4,404 ± 8 million year old zircon was found at Erawondoo Hill; this is the oldest dated material originating on Earth;
Jack_Hills
Dormant stratovolcano in South America
glaciers, causing them to melt, and volcanic rocks overran glacial and periglacial landforms. The oldest-dated rocks at Llullaillaco were erupted 1.5 ± 0.4 million
Llullaillaco
Rocks that were deposited on the existing basement rocks of the crust
orthogneisses of the Slave Craton, Canada, are regarded to be the oldest rocks on Earth, dated to 4.06 Ga, include protoliths such as TTGs, amphibolite, gabbro
Supracrustal_rock
Prehistoric rock carvings in Russia
on basalt rocks located near the Sikachi-Alyan Nanai village (Khabarovski krai, Russia). The oldest of the Sikachi-Alyan petroglyphs dated to 12000 -
Petroglyphs_of_Sikachi-Alyan
Natural area park in Agua Dulce, California
the Vasquez Formation is the oldest tertiary formation within the east portion of the Ventura Basin. The Vasquez Rocks consist mainly of coarse-grained
Vasquez_Rocks
Rocks on or from the Moon
of these lavas. In contrast, the oldest ages of rocks from the Earth are between 3.8 and 4.28 billion years. Moon rocks fall into two main categories: those
Moon_rock
Antarctic volcano group
produced hematite and sulfur which coat and stain bleached trachyte. The oldest dated rocks are 847,000 ± 12,000 years old. Eruptions took place about 825,000
The_Pleiades_(volcano_group)
Lithostratigraphic unit in the Grand Canyon, Arizona
The oldest of these plutonic complexes, the Elves Chasm Gneiss, likely represents a small fragment of basement upon which the metavolcanic rocks that
Vishnu_Basement_Rocks
Impact structure in Western Australia
2025 paper, arguing that the rocks cited as evidence for a post-2.71-billion-year impact had not been independently dated. Using integrated zircon, apatite
Miralga_impact_structure
Fossilised organism
Horodyskia is a fossilised organism found in rocks dated from 1,480 million years ago to 550 million years ago. Its shape has been described as a "string
Horodyskia
Dry lake bed in Nevada with petroglyphs
old. In 2013, researchers dated the carvings to between 14,800 and 10,500 years ago. Either date would make them the oldest known petroglyphs found in
Winnemucca_Lake
Archaeological site in Peru
A nearby 2-meter-tall (6.6 ft) frieze was dated at 3600 BCE. The plaza and the frieze are the two oldest examples of monumental architecture discovered
Sechin_Bajo
Assemblage of geologic formations in Canada
sedimentary rocks cannot be dated using fossils as they can in Phanerozoic rocks. However, the base contains volcanic rocks that have been dated at about
Huronian_Supergroup
Study of the oldest crustal fragments on Earth
the oldest preserved crustal fragments of Earth during the Eoarchean era from 4.031 to 3.6 billion years ago. Major well-preserved rock units dated to
Eoarchean_geology
Genus of millipedes
(Priodli–Lochkovian epoch). It is one of the first myriapods, and among the oldest creatures to have lived on land. It was discovered in 2004, and is known
Pneumodesmus
Archaeological site in Shaanxi, China
artefact layers. The oldest artefact-bearing layer at the site was dated at 2.12 million years ago, while the youngest was dated to 1.26 million years
Shangchen
History of Earth 4600–539 million years ago
rocks of older North American stratigraphy. Paleoproterozoic: oldest era of the Proterozoic Eon, 1600-2500 Ma. Corresponds to "Precambrian X" rocks of
Precambrian
This article lists the oldest extant buildings in West Virginia, including extant buildings and structures constructed prior to and during the United States
List of the oldest buildings in West Virginia
List_of_the_oldest_buildings_in_West_Virginia
whilst establishing it as the oldest dated rock sequence in southern Britain. More extensive dating of Avalonian rocks both in southern Britain and Maritime
Stanner_Rocks
This article lists the oldest known surviving buildings constructed in Australia. "Looking At The Oldest Building In Melbourne, Australia?". Melbourne
List of the oldest buildings in Australia
List_of_the_oldest_buildings_in_Australia
Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere located in Pilbara, Western Australia
announced, confirming the 3.47 billion year old North Pole Dome as the oldest dated impact structure (remnant of an impact crater) in the world. There are
Pilbara_Craton
Archaelogical site in Barbuda
Codrington. It is one of the oldest Indigenous sites in the country, with human remains at the site being carbon dated to about 3,100 years ago. "Revised
Boiling_Rocks
Neolithic archaeological site in Turkey
circular structures that contain large stone pillars – among the world's oldest known megaliths. Many of these pillars are decorated with anthropomorphic
Göbekli_Tepe
Guyot in the Southern Azores Seamount Chain
pyroclastic rocks and bioclastic sandstones. Dredged basalts from the top of the eastern and southeastern flanks of the seamount have been K–Ar dated 10.7 ±
Great_Meteor_Seamount
Park in Charlotte, North Carolina
Mountain culture dated to 5500-4500 BC. In 1984 Fred W. Fischer did a more thorough excavation at multiple locations around the rocks at the request of
Big_Rock_Nature_Preserve
by crystalline rocks of the Precambrian Shield. The crystalline rocks of the Nuuk/Qeqertarsuatsiaat area comprise some of the oldest bedrock in Greenland
Geology_of_Greenland
Technique used to date materials such as rocks or carbon
radioisotope dating is a technique which is used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated
Radiometric_dating
Nautical charts, first made in the 13th century
such as reefs, rocks, shoals, and sandbanks. In some early portolan charts, dated to the thirteenth century, black dots denoted rocks, and red dots sand
Portolan_chart
Archean greenstone belt in southwestern Greenland
metamorphosed mafic volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and is the largest exposure of Eoarchaean supracrustal rocks on Earth. Due to its age and low metamorphic
Isua_Greenstone_Belt
Geological formations in India
called the Lalbagh rock. The Archean gneisses and schists, which are the oldest rocks of the Indian Shield, constitute a considerable area of Peninsular India
Peninsular_Gneiss
Heritage-listed building in Sydney, Australia
evolution of the quay and of Sydney itself; it is the oldest building in The Rocks and the third oldest building in Sydney city; it is a rare and early example
Cadmans_Cottage
Kenyan archaeological site dated to 3.3 million years ago
reversals, Harmand and her team dated the tools to 3.3 million years ago. The finds at Lomekwi therefore represent the oldest stone tools ever discovered
Lomekwi
Large craton in Western Australia
billion year old Yarrabubba impact structure, previously regarded as the oldest dated meteorite impact crater, until the discovery of evidence such as shatter
Yilgarn_Craton
Geological complex of ancient rocks in Western Australia
the oldest known samples of the Earth's crust: samples of zircon from the Jack Hills portion of the Narryer Gneiss have been radiometrically dated at 4
Narryer_Gneiss_terrane
Island in southwestern Greenland
proposed to contain the oldest known sedimentary rocks on Earth, and perhaps the oldest evidence of life on Earth. The rocks in question are part of a
Akilia
Circular geological feature in the Sahara desert
carbonatites that are mostly devoid of vesicles. The carbonatite rocks have been dated as having cooled between 94 and 104 million years ago. A kimberlitic
Richat_Structure
Ancient granite-greenstone terrane in South Africa
after the Komati River that flows through the belt. Some of the oldest exposed rocks on Earth (greater than 3.6 Ga) are located in the Barberton Greenstone
Barberton_Greenstone_Belt
Textural form of igneous rock with large grained crystals in a fine matrix
Porphyry (/ˈpɔːrfəri/ POR-fə-ree) is any of various granites or igneous rocks with coarse-grained crystals such as feldspar or quartz dispersed in a fine-grained
Porphyry_(geology)
Cretaceous and other more recent periods. The oldest rocks in Gabon are granitoid Archean basement rocks, 2.8 to 2.6 Ga old, that span into Cameroon, Equatorial
Geology_of_Gabon
Mostly submerged continental crust area in Oceania
This verdict was widely covered in the news media. The younger Zealandia rocks have evidence of origins from early Gondwana formations of 500 to 700 million
Zealandia
30,000+ years old archaeological World Heritage site in Madhya Pradesh, India
caves of Bhimbetka have a large number of paintings. Some of the oldest paintings are dated to 10,000 BCE, but some of the geometric figures date to as recently
Bhimbetka_rock_shelters
Collection of archaeological sites in Brazil
Park have been observed smashing stones against rocks embedded in the ground. The resulting 'shaped' rocks and flakes are similar to early hominid tools
Pedra_Furada
Branch of stratigraphy that studies the ages of rock strata in relation to time
depositional intervals in a chronostratigraphic column. Metamorphic rocks can occasionally be dated, and this may give some limitations to the age in which a bed
Chronostratigraphy
Images carved on a rock surface as a form of rock art
globally are dated to approximately the Neolithic and late Upper Paleolithic boundary (roughly 10,000 to 12,000 years ago).[citation needed] The oldest petrogryphs
Petroglyph
Prehistoric period before metal tools
layer, which would have been from 2.9 to 2.7 mya. The oldest sites discovered to contain tools are dated to 2.6–2.55 mya. One of the most striking circumstances
Stone_Age
ago, and painted dots. One faint red dot has been dated to 40,800 years ago, making it the oldest dated cave decoration in the world. Lascaux caves (France)
List_of_Stone_Age_art
Part of the valley of the North Toe River in North Carolina, US
and was found to be from 470 to 450 million years old. This puts the oldest rocks in the district within the Ordovician period. The master stream of the
Spruce_Pine_Mining_District
Preserved remains or traces of organisms from a past geological age
Radioactive elements are common only in rocks with a volcanic origin, and so the only fossil-bearing rocks that can be dated radiometrically are volcanic ash
Fossil
Geologic eon, 4031–2500 million years ago
Commission on Stratigraphy, which is the age of the oldest known intact rock formations on Earth. Evidence of rocks from the preceding Hadean Eon are therefore
Archean
Extinct genus of crustaceans
fossil crab. It was found in limestone rocks from the Ernstbrunn Formation in Austria, which have been dated to the Tithonian (late Jurassic). It was
Jurellana
Hypothesized astronomical event
found in many of the oldest-known rocks from around the world, and appeared to represent a strong "cutoff point" beyond which older rocks could not be found
Late_Heavy_Bombardment
Seaside resort on the south coast of England
September 2024. "Brighton Rocks International Film Festival". FilmFreeway. 12 July 2024. Retrieved 9 September 2024. "Brighton Rocks". Rocks Film Festivals. Retrieved
Brighton
Himself John Denver: Live at Red Rocks (1973) Televised concert … Himself, starring The Midnight Special - Episode dated 19 August 1972 (1972) TV episode
John_Denver_filmography
Part of the East European Craton
Golovanevsk Suture Zone in the east contains almost 3.0 Ga-old igneous rocks. The oldest rocks are probably derived from early Archaean oceanic crust. Bogdanova
Sarmatian_Craton
Archaean craton, possibly part of the Vaalbara supercontinent
after the Komati River that flows through the belt. Some of the oldest exposed rocks on Earth (greater than 3.6 Ga) are located in the Barberton greenstone
Kaapvaal_Craton
conditions very few early examples survive, Indonesia is home to some of the oldest paintings in the world. The earliest Indonesian paintings were the rock
Indonesian_painting
Zirconium silicate mineral
interpreted to be the age of crystallization, making them the oldest minerals so far dated on Earth. In addition, the oxygen isotopic compositions of some
Zircon
Sweden is the regional study of rocks, minerals, tectonics, natural resources and groundwater in the country. The oldest rocks in Sweden date to more than
Geology_of_Sweden
Ancient ocean, present during the Mesozoic
on the formation of the oceanic crust. Dated rocks in the Adaatsag ophiolite in the east are among the oldest at 325 million years old. Oceans portal
Mongol-Okhotsk_Ocean
Genus of problematic fossil
billion years old) paleosol from South Africa, and significant as one of the oldest likely eukaryotes and some of the earliest evidence for life on land. Diskagma
Diskagma
Geologic formation In Canada
back to the Ediacaran period which have been dated to 575.8 ± 0.5 million years ago, making them the oldest macroscopic complex fossils in Newfoundland
Drook_Formation
Type of stone tool
tools are usually dated by determining the age of the find context e.g. by carbon-14 dating and potassium–argon dating. The oldest stone tools are about
Chopping_tool
Village in Karnataka, India
of the oldest rocks in the Indian subcontinent are found in the region between Anmod and nearby Mollem on the Goa-Karnataka border. These rocks are classified
Anmod
Nature reserve in Eswatini
falls per some 240 m over the distance of 2 km. Some of the oldest rocks in the world, dated at 3.55 billion years, are exposed at the waterfall. Unwin
Phophonyane Falls Nature Reserve
Phophonyane_Falls_Nature_Reserve
Oldest-surviving crustal material from the Hadean eon
Mineral Petrol 134:3–16 Stern RA, Bleeker W (1998) Age of the world’s oldest rocks refined using Canada’s SHRIMP the Acasta gneiss complex Northwest Territories
Hadean_zircon
Suite of Precambrian metamorphic rocks that outcrop in the northwestern part of Scotland
metamorphic rocks that outcrop in the northwestern part of Scotland, forming part of the Hebridean terrane and the North Atlantic Craton. These rocks are of
Lewisian_complex
Pampa Arikok National Park Quadiriki Caves Ayo Rock Formations The oldest reliably dated rock art in the Americas is known as the "Horny Little Man." It
List_of_petroglyph_sites
American filmmaker and actress (born 1971)
(2013), the southern gothic thriller The Beguiled (2017), the comedy On the Rocks (2020), and the biographical drama Priscilla (2023). In 2015, Coppola released
Sofia_Coppola
Aspect of human history
fire usage, but also the oldest likely evidence for cooking of food (mainly, fish teeth that had been heated deep in a cave), dated to ~780,000 years ago
Control of fire by early humans
Control_of_fire_by_early_humans
Active volcano in the Hawaiian Islands
an area of loko kuapa (rockwall fishponds) constructed of interlocking rocks across a natural embayment on the coast, and Honokōhau, a former extensive
Hualālai
Boat made from a hollowed tree
Netherlands, is a dugout which is believed to be the world's oldest boat, carbon dated to between 8040 BCE and 7510 BCE. Other dugouts discovered in
Dugout_canoe
National park in California, United States
Santa Rosa Island Fault. A stratigraphic column would start with the oldest rocks, the Santa Cruz Island schist, forming an elongated core of the island
Channel_Islands_National_Park
Legendary war in Greek mythology
debated what to do with it. Some thought they ought to hurl it down from the rocks, others thought they should burn it, while others said they ought to dedicate
Trojan_War
Quaternary archaeological site in Kenya
horizons, and more hominid material was discovered. Miocene rocks are the oldest surface rocks, consisting of basalts and phonolites. They are found in the
Chesowanja
Archeological site
Lorenzo Tenochtitlan. The earliest public architecture yet detected has been dated to the end of the Middle Formative, perhaps 500 BCE. It is thought that
Tres_Zapotes
geologically recent Cenozoic sediments with extensive oil and gas. The oldest rocks in Venezuela formed during the Precambrian and occupy the Guiana shield
Geology_of_Venezuela
Capital city of the Northwest Territories, Canada
scientists start geological mapping expeditions when researching the oldest known rocks in North America. In 2026, Capitol Theatre was the only movie theatre
Yellowknife
Mafic intrusive igneous rock composed predominantly of plagioclase
OCLC 851768311. PSRD: The Oldest Moon Rocks Carter, J.; Poulet, F.; Flahaut, J.; Ody, A. (2012-12-01). "Detection of anorthosite rocks on Mars". American Geophysical
Anorthosite
American surfer (born 1972)
2009, 2011, 2012). and Lifetime Achievement Award (2025). He is also the oldest surfer still active in the World Surf League, winning his 8th Billabong
Kelly_Slater
Land branch of the Spanish Armed Forces
Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is one of the oldest active armies, dating back to the late 15th century. The Spanish Army has
Spanish_Army
Province of Canada
either directly or indirectly. Popular destinations include the Hopewell Rocks, Fundy National Park, Magnetic Hill, Kouchibouguac National Park and Roosevelt
New_Brunswick
Records of Earth's development
Archean eon at 3.8 Ga. The oldest rocks found on Earth date to about 4.0 Ga, and the oldest detrital zircon crystals in rocks to about 4.4 Ga, soon after
History_of_Earth
Mountain range in South Dakota and Wyoming, United States
metamorphic rocks that comprise the core of the entire Black Hills uplift. This core is rimmed by Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks. The stratigraphy
Black_Hills
Old Egyptian map of mines
dated to 1155–1150 BCE and preserved in the Museo Egizio in Turin. It is generally considered one of the earliest known geographical maps, the oldest
Turin_Papyrus_Map
Middle Bronze Age script
a different script. The earliest Proto-Sinaitic inscriptions are mostly dated to between the mid-19th (early date) and the mid-16th (late date) century
Proto-Sinaitic_script
Method for determining the age of objects
of two Egyptian kings, Zoser and Sneferu, independently dated to 2625 BC ± 75 years, were dated by radiocarbon measurement to an average of 2800 BC ± 250
Radiocarbon_dating
Setting of works by Jane Austen
Charmouth, Up Lyme, and Pinny, with its “verdant crevices between romantic rocks,” as well as the town itself, which appears melancholy and deserted after
Jane Austen's literary universe
Jane_Austen's_literary_universe
Hypothetical Archaean supercontinent from about 3.6 to 2.7 billion years ago
tectonic history. Similarly, in the reconstruction of Rogers 1993, 1996 the oldest continent is Ur. In Rogers' reconstructions, however, Kaapvaal and Pilbara
Vaalbara
bunter sandstone rocks which are on a ridge at an elevation of 368 metres (1,207 ft) above sea level. The highest part of the rocks was turned into a
Drachenfels_Castle_(Wasgau)
Lithic stage archaeological site
site which has been documented as one of the oldest human settlement sites in Central California. Dated at 12,000-9,000 years before present, it is located
Scotts_Valley_Site
OLDEST DATED-ROCKS
OLDEST DATED-ROCKS
Boy/Male
Arabic
Date
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, French, Hebrew, Muslim
Oldest Son
Boy/Male
Indian
Date
Girl/Female
French, German, Latin, Spanish
Modest
Biblical
date palm; date-tree erect
Boy/Male
Muslim
Date
Girl/Female
German
Boldest
Girl/Female
German
Boldest
Girl/Female
Hindu
Date
Male
Russian
(МодеÑÑ‚) Russian form of Roman Latin Modestus, MODEST means "moderate, sober."
Biblical
sorrowful, hated
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Oldest
Boy/Male
Welsh
Legendary son of Oth.
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Date; Time; Auspicious Date
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Coldest
Girl/Female
German
Boldest
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Date
Boy/Male
French
Ill fated.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Sorrowful, hated.
OLDEST DATED-ROCKS
OLDEST DATED-ROCKS
OLDEST DATED-ROCKS
OLDEST DATED-ROCKS
OLDEST DATED-ROCKS
OLDEST DATED-ROCKS
OLDEST DATED-ROCKS
a.
Old; ancient; as, the olden time.
a.
Reduced; lowered; restrained; as, to speak with bated breath.
a.
Having a pate; -- used only in composition; as, long-pated; shallow-pated.
n.
A writer of an ode or odes.
a.
Half-rotten; as, doted wood.
v. i.
To have beginning; to begin; to be dated or reckoned; -- with from.
p. p. & a.
Decreed by fate; destined; doomed; as, he was fated to rule a factious people.
a.
Alt. of Nott-pated
v. t.
To note or fix the time of, as of an event; to give the date of; as, to date the building of the pyramids.
n.
The fruit of the date palm; also, the date palm itself.
n.
One who dates.
a.
Evincing modestly in the actor, author, or speaker; not showing presumption; not excessive or extreme; moderate; as, a modest request; modest joy.
a.
That may be dated; having a known or ascertainable date.
v. t.
To note the time of writing or executing; to express in an instrument the time of its execution; as, to date a letter, a bond, a deed, or a charter.
a.
Having little time to run from the date.
a.
Oldest; longest in duration.
n.
The point of time at which a transaction or event takes place, or is appointed to take place; a given point of time; epoch; as, the date of a battle.
a.
Not dated; having no date; of unknown age; as, an undated letter.
imp. & p. p.
of Date
a.
Restraining within due limits of propriety; not forward, bold, boastful, or presumptious; rather retiring than pushing one's self forward; not obstructive; as, a modest youth; a modest man.