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Soil type
Bulk soil is the soil outside of the rhizosphere that is not penetrated by plant roots. The bulk soil is like an ecosystem, it is made up of many things
Bulk_soil
Mass per unit volume of granular matter
Bulk density is useful for materials such as powders, granules, and other "divided" solids, especially used in reference to mineral components (soil,
Bulk_density
Soil surface layers that are distinct from the rest of the bulk soil
Soil crusts are soil surface layers that are distinct from the rest of the bulk soil, often hardened with a platy surface. Depending on the manner of formation
Soil_crust
Earth, a natural material
strong internal connectedness, soil ecologists regard soil as an ecosystem. Most soils have a dry bulk density (density of soil taking into account voids when
Soil
physical properties of soil, in order of decreasing importance for ecosystem services such as crop production, are texture, structure, bulk density, porosity
Physical_properties_of_soil
surrounding bulk soil. If a beneficial microbe genera is not present in a soil plants are not able to recruit it as a defense. Therefore, suppressive soils are
Disease_suppressive_soils
Study of microorganisms in soil
stimulated by rhizodeposition and root exudation, most bacteria of the bulk soil are in a quiescent state, in the form of bacterial colonies embedded in
Soil_microbiology
Shrub growing in brackish water
compartments: endosphere, episphere, rhizosphere, and nonrhizosphere or bulk soil. Moreover, the microbial communities in each compartment have been reported
Mangrove
Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material
Typical bulk density of sandy soil is between 1.5 and 1.7 g/cm3. This calculates to a porosity between 0.43 and 0.36. Typical bulk density of clay soil is
Porosity
Topmost part of the soil layer
for human use and makes up the bulk of commercial topsoil available. The current rate of use and erosion outpaces soil generation. It is also possible
Topsoil
Soil material that is ordinarily a solid behaving like a thick liquid
Soil liquefaction occurs when a cohesionless saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied
Soil_liquefaction
Process of soil formation
root growth, a positive feedback called the soil microbial loop. Out of root influence, in the bulk soil most bacteria are in a quiescent stage, forming
Soil_formation
Substance added to soil to enhance plant growth
applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients. Fertilizers may be distinct from liming materials or other non-nutrient soil amendments
Fertilizer
Volume occupied by liquid and gas phases in a soil
{M_{solid}}{V_{total}}}} The dry bulk density of a soil greatly depends on the mineral/organic assemblage making up the soil and on its degree of compaction
Pore_space_in_soil
Fine grained natural soil
Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, Al2Si2O5(OH)4). Most
Clay
Solid carbon stored in global soils
rhizosphere than in adjacent bulk soil. Animal bodies and excreta also add organic matter, and thus carbon, to the soil. Within the soil, carbon is cycled extensively
Soil_carbon
Microbe community of plant roots
rhizosphere are distinct from each other, and from the microbial communities of bulk soil, although there is some overlap in species composition. Different microorganisms
Root_microbiome
Analysis of soil
For instance, soil bulk density can be predicted using easily measured soil properties such as soil texture, pH and organic matter. Soil testing is used
Soil_test
Medium in which to grow plants
in normal soils, risk damaging the plant. For compost, the maximum recommended amount is 1 part compost to 1 part bulking material. A soil test may be
Potting_soil
Matter composed of organic compounds
these areas is at least one order of magnitude higher than the bulk soil. Other soil treatments, besides organic matter inputs, which lead to this short-term
Organic_matter
Dimensionless quantity related to porosity
total (or bulk) volume. Control of the volume change tendency. Suppose the void ratio is high (loose soils). Under loading, voids in the soil skeleton
Void_ratio
Pollution of land by human-made chemicals or other alteration
Soil contamination, soil pollution, or land pollution as a part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other
Soil_contamination
Chemical process produced by soil and the organisms within it
oxygen due to greater oxygen consumption by the root as compared to the bulk soil, soil at a greater distance from the root. Another important organism in
Soil_respiration
Formation of methane by microbes
upland soils is often localized within anoxic microsites, even when the bulk soil remains aerobic. Methanogens are a notable part of the microbial communities
Methanogenesis
Decrease in porosity of soil due to agriculture
Soil compaction, also known as soil structure degradation, is the increase of bulk density or decrease in porosity of soil due to externally or internally
Soil_compaction_(agriculture)
Artificial structures such as pavements covered with water-tight materials
redirect targets Soil crust – Soil surface layers that are distinct from the rest of the bulk soil Soil sealing – Covering of soil surfaces Sustainable
Impervious_surface
Excavation or structure to provide access to groundwater
require treatment before being potable. Soil salination can occur as the water table falls and the surrounding soil begins to dry out. Another environmental
Well
Classification of soil or sediment
clay and composed mostly of broken grains of quartz. Silt may occur as a soil (often mixed with sand or clay) or as sediment mixed in suspension with water
Silt
Assembly of microorganisms near plants
microbial community composition between the bulk soil (soil not attached to the plant root) and rhizosphere soil. Certain bacterial groups (e.g. Actinomycetota
Plant_microbiome
Soil layer whose physical characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath
A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath
Soil_horizon
Granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles
coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class of soil or soil type; i.e., a soil containing more than 85 percent sand-sized particles by mass
Sand
Space orbiter and lander sent to Mars
seawater. Sulfur was more concentrated in the crust on top of the soil than in the bulk soil beneath. The sulfur may be present as sulfates of sodium, magnesium
Viking_2
Genus of amoebae
Petr; Bonkowski, Michael (2022). "Soil compartments (bulk soil, litter, root and rhizosphere) as main drivers of soil protistan communities distribution
Limnofila
Study of soil's physical properties and processes
Agrophysics Bulk density Capacitance probe Frequency domain sensor Geotechnical engineering Irrigation Irrigation scheduling Neutron probe Soil mechanics Soil porosity
Soil_physics
Geotechnical engineering test of soil properties
designed to provide information on the geotechnical engineering properties of soil. This test is the most frequently used subsurface exploration drilling test
Standard_penetration_test
Study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of Earth
capacity. Light (sandy) soils do not necessarily weigh less than heavy (clay) soils on an air dry basis (i.e. they have similar bulk density), nor do they
Soil_science
Classification of soil types
USDA soil taxonomy (ST), developed by the United States Department of Agriculture and the National Cooperative Soil Survey, provides an elaborate classification
USDA_soil_taxonomy
Chemicals used to de-ice surfaces
of chloride de-icing salt on bulk soils, fungi, and bacterial populations surrounding the plant rhizosphere". Applied Soil Ecology. 72: 69–78. doi:10.1016/j
Road_salt
Region of soil or substrate comprising the root microbiome
biological communities of the rhizosphere in comparison with the bulk soil or parent soil. Concentrations of organic acids and saccharides affect the ability
Rhizosphere
Sudden movement of the Earth's crust
magnitude. Earthquakes result in various effects, such as ground shaking and soil liquefaction, leading to significant damage and loss of life. When the epicenter
Earthquake
Ability of water to flow through a porous material
hydraulic conductivity, given several measured soil properties, such as soil particle size, and bulk density. There are relatively simple and inexpensive
Hydraulic_conductivity
Adaptive behavior by microscopic organisms including bacteria and protists
2017). "Micropredator niche differentiation between bulk soil and rhizosphere of an agricultural soil depends on bacterial prey". FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Microbial_intelligence
Quantity of water contained in a material
content by the bulk specific gravity S G {\displaystyle SG} of the material: θ = u × S G {\displaystyle \theta =u\times SG} . In soil mechanics and petroleum
Water_content
Health of soil, suitability for growing
aerate soil. Mechanical traffic and intensive tilling methods have a negative impact on soil aggregates, friability, soil porosity, and soil-bulk density
Tilth
Soil additive containing calcium carbonate and other ingredients
also called aglime, agricultural limestone, garden lime or liming, is a soil additive made from pulverized limestone or chalk. The primary active component
Agricultural_lime
Phyla of the domain Bacteria
Detected by Signature Nucleotide-Targeted Recovery of 16S rRNA Genes from Bulk Soil and Rice Roots of Flooded Rice Microcosms". Applied and Environmental
Bacterial_phyla
Accumulation of partially decayed vegetation
habitat aiding peat formation, a phenomenon termed 'habitat manipulation'. Soils consisting primarily of peat are known as histosols. Peat forms in wetland
Peat
Water content of the soil
Soil moisture is the water content of the soil. It can be expressed in terms of volume or weight. Soil moisture measurement can be based on in situ probes
Soil_moisture
Weight per unit volume of a material
property of soil to solve earthwork problems. In soil mechanics, specific weight may refer to: Moist unit weight The unit weight of a soil when void spaces
Specific_weight
Dead plant material that has fallen to the ground
substance called humus are released. Humus composes the bulk of organic matter in the lower soil profile. The decline of nutrient ratios is also a function
Plant_litter
Branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils
Soil mechanics is a branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils. It differs from fluid mechanics and solid mechanics
Soil_mechanics
Hard landscape materials in the built environment structures
materials that safely move water away from the property can ensure that soil movement is never a problem and that the yard stays a drier, enjoyable living
Hardscape
Chemotaxonomy markers of microoorganisms
related to B. cereus and to B. subtilis. These bacteria are common in the bulk soil and increase in numbers in the rhizosphere. The PLFA profiles of these
Phospholipid-derived fatty acids
Phospholipid-derived_fatty_acids
Upwards swelling of soil during freezing
the confinement of liquids in pores, water in soil can remain liquid at a temperature that is below the bulk freezing point of water. Very fine pores have
Frost_heaving
Procedure to assess particle size distribution
granular materials including sand, crushed rock, clay, granite, feldspar, coal, soil, a wide range of manufactured powder, grain and seeds, down to a minimum
Sieve_analysis
Device used to measure density of liquids
freezing point. A hydrometer analysis is the process by which fine-grained soils, silts and clays, are graded. Hydrometer analysis is performed if the grain
Hydrometer
Study of physical properties of soils
of soil are typically performed in the field on a soil profile containing multiple horizons. Along with soil formation and soil classification, soil morphology
Soil_morphology
Redevelopment of an ecology after an event that changes it radically
structure (habitat patch size and distance to outside seed sources); bulk density, pH, and soil texture (sand and clay). Secondary succession is the ecological
Secondary_succession
Production of manufactured goods in an environment outside a planetary atmosphere
thermally-fused materials can be used for basic construction of stable structures. Bulk soil from the Moon or asteroids has a very low water content, and when melted
Space_manufacturing
Mix of crumbled stones
187 in). ISO 14688 for soil engineering grades gravels as fine, medium, and coarse with ranges 2 mm to 6.3 mm to 20 mm to 63 mm. The bulk density of gravel
Gravel
Organic matter in soils resulting from decay of plant and animal materials
about 12:1. It also significantly improves (that is, decreases) the bulk density of soil. Humus is amorphous and lacks the cellular structure characteristic
Humus
evaporates. Sulfur was more concentrated in the crust on top of the soil than in the bulk soil beneath. So it was concluded that the upper crust was cemented
Chronology of discoveries of water on Mars
Chronology_of_discoveries_of_water_on_Mars
Excavated channel in ground
geotechnical engineering, trench investigations locate faults and investigate deep soil properties. In trench warfare, soldiers occupy trenches to protect them against
Trench
Narrow shaft bored in the ground
assessment (a so-called Phase II ESA). This includes holes advanced to collect soil samples, water samples or rock cores, to advance in situ sampling equipment
Borehole
Steepest angle at which granular materials can be piled before slumping
increases the angle of repose and related quantities such as the soil strength. When bulk granular materials are poured onto a horizontal surface, a conical
Angle_of_repose
Global warming about 55 million years ago
Freeman KH (September 2016). "Distortion of carbon isotope excursion in bulk soil organic matter during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum". Geological
Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum
Paleocene–Eocene_thermal_maximum
Rapid transit system in Almaty, Kazakhstan
official conclusions of the commission: "The soils of the area are represented by the soil-vegetation layer, bulk soils, loam and pebbles. The green stripe separating
Almaty_Metro
Change in viscosity of a gel or fluid caused by stress
Water content tests Soil Types Clay Silt Sand Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy
Thixotropy
Natural hazard involving ground movement
deforestation). Land degradation frequently leads to less stabilization of soil by vegetation. Additionally, global warming caused by climate change and
Landslide
Function of the type of soil
Stress distribution in soil is a function of the type of soil, the relative rigidity of the soil and the footing, and the depth of foundation at level
Stress_distribution_in_soil
Monitoring of the quality of the environment
monitoring starts. Environmental monitoring includes monitoring of air quality, soils and water quality. Many monitoring programmes are designed to not only establish
Environmental_monitoring
Quadrangle map of Mars
water. Sulfur was more concentrated in the crust on top of the soil than in the bulk soil beneath. The sulfur may be present as sulfates of sodium, magnesium
Lunae_Palus_quadrangle
Species of plant
Additionally, one study suggested that microbiota isolated from the leaves, bulk soil, and roots of M. trilobata could be a source of biocontrol agents for
Malus_trilobata
erosion. It is a combination "type" between the basalt that forms the bulk soil and sandstone, which forms the subsoil around the city of Artigas. Its
Piedra_Pintada
Measure of the ability of a porous material to allow fluids to pass through it
science and Earth sciences, the permeability of porous media (often, a rock or soil) is a measure of the ability for fluids (gas or liquid) to flow through the
Permeability_(porous_media)
Soils formed in volcanic ash and containing glass and amorphous colloidal materials
Andosols are a Reference Soil Group of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). They are closely related to other types of soils such as Vitrosols
Andosol
Concept in hydrology
in pervious soils of uniform structure and texture. The nominal definition of field capacity (expressed symbolically as θfc) is the bulk water content
Field_capacity
Nutrient within the soil
the soil water in an ionic form by diffusion, mass transport, and root interception. Although minerals are the origin of most nutrients, and the bulk of
Plant_nutrients_in_soil
Mixtures of organic and mineral material that are designed to approximate natural soils
Abrupt differences in soil properties at horizon boundaries (namely texture and bulk density) impacts the hydraulic functioning of a soil, determining the
Constructed_soil
in the UK. By isolating the root-associated soil (rhizosphere), the endosphere, and surrounding bulk soil profiles, the curation workflow establishes
UK_Crop_Microbiome_Cryobank
were surrounded by Classical Urewe ceramics, iron, and shell artefacts. Bulk soil samples taken from the burial found wood charcoal and the charred remains
Archaeology_of_Rwanda
Works that re-shape the earth's surface
through the processing of parts of the earth's surface involving quantities of soil or unformed rock. An incomplete list of possible temporary or permanent geotechnical
Earthworks_(engineering)
Farming technique that sterilizes soil with steam
Soil steam sterilization (soil steaming) is a farming technique that sterilizes or partially sterilizes soil with steam in open fields or greenhouses.
Soil_steam_sterilization
Process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas
Soil liquefaction was blamed for building collapses in the city of Palu, Indonesia in October 2018. In a related phenomenon, liquefaction of bulk materials
Liquefaction
Movement of rock or soil down slopes
also known as mass movement, is a general term for the movement of rock or soil down slopes under the force of gravity. It differs from other processes of
Mass_wasting
Large geological unit of uncertain origin on Mars
46, 13,668–13,677 (2019). Karunatillake, S. et al. Sulfates hydrating bulk soil in the Martian low and middle latitudes. Geophys. Res. Lett. 41, 7987–7996
Medusae_Fossae_Formation
Organic matter component of soil
Soil organic matter (SOM) is the organic matter component of soil, consisting of plant and animal detritus at various stages of decomposition, cells and
Soil_organic_matter
Sedimentary rock rich in aluminium
time. This made early elemental aluminium more expensive than gold. As a bulk cargo, bauxite is a Group A cargo that may liquefy if excessively moist.
Bauxite
Amorphous volcanic glass
Unexpanded ("raw") perlite has a bulk density around 1100 kg/m3 (1.1 g/cm3), while typical expanded perlite has a bulk density of about 30–150 kg/m3 (0
Perlite
Sturdy sack used in flood control and temporary military fortifications
(burlap), polypropylene or other sturdy materials that is filled with sand or soil and used for such purposes as flood control, military fortification in trenches
Sandbag
Tool for digging, lifting, and moving bulk materials
A shovel is a tool used for digging, lifting, and moving bulk materials, such as soil, coal, gravel, snow, sand, or ore. Most shovels are hand tools consisting
Shovel
greater bulk yield than SLAN, soil balanced using their methods leads to greater plant, animal and human health, as well as increasing the soil biological
Base-cation_saturation_ratio
Manner in which fluids behave when flowing through a porous medium
Water content tests Soil Types Clay Silt Sand Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy
Fluid flow through porous media
Fluid_flow_through_porous_media
Solid or semisolid remains of undigested food
the anus or cloaca during defecation. Feces can be used as fertilizer or soil conditioner in agriculture. They can also be burned as fuel or dried and
Feces
Effect of repeated walking on open ground
species composition, and damage soils through compaction (raising bulk density and reducing porosity), which can alter soil moisture and temperature regimes
Trampling
Capacity of soil to perform ecosystem services
research level. The physical category of soil quality indicators consists of tests that measure soil texture, bulk density, porosity, water content at saturation
Soil_quality
Layer of material applied to the surface of soil
to the surface of soil. Reasons for applying mulch include conservation of soil moisture, improving fertility and health of the soil, reducing weed growth
Mulch
Outermost layer of the Earth
through the soil profile, causing ion exchange between solid, fluid and gaseous phases. As time progresses, the bulk geochemistry of the soil layer will
Pedosphere
nutrients from particles suspended in soil Fluid feeding: obtaining nutrients by consuming other organisms' fluids Bulk feeding: obtaining nutrients by eating
List_of_feeding_behaviours
Deterioration of rocks and minerals through exposure to the elements
Weathering is the deterioration of rocks, soils and minerals (as well as wood and artificial materials) through contact with water, atmospheric gases
Weathering
BULK SOIL
BULK SOIL
Boy/Male
Hindu
Bull
Boy/Male
Biblical
Old age; perishing.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Kankeya | கநà¯à®•à¯‡à®¯à®¾Â
Bull
Kankeya | கநà¯à®•à¯‡à®¯à®¾Â
Male
English
From the American English pet name for a "high-spirited young man," from the vocabulary word buck, BUCK means "male deer or goat."
Male
English
The Deer
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a strong, aggressive, bull-like man, from Middle English bul(l)e, bol(l)e. Occasionally, the name may denote a keeper of a bull. Compare Bulman.German (mainly northern) : from a byname for a cattle breeder, keeper, or dealer. Compare South German Ochs.South German : nickname for a short fat man, a variant of Bolle, or a nickname for a man with the physical characteristics of a bull.
Male
German
From the Germanic word burg, BURK means "castle, fort, protection." Used as a short form of longer names containing the same element.
Boy/Male
French
Lives in a fortress.
Male
English
Modern form of Medieval English Fulke, FULK means "people, tribe."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Foulks.Respelling of German Volk.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Balch.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, Indian
A Stag; Male Deer
Biblical
old age; perishing
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim, Turkish
Country; Kingdom; Supreme Power
Boy/Male
Tamil
Bull
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Bull
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a man with some fancied resemblance to a he-goat (Old English bucc(a)) or a male deer (Old English bucc). Old English Bucc(a) is found as a personal name, as is Old Norse Bukkr. Names such as Walter le Buk (Somerset 1243) are clearly nicknames.English : topographic name for someone who lived near a prominent beech tree, such as Peter atte Buk (Suffolk 1327), from Middle English buk ‘beech’ (from Old English bÅc).German : from a personal name, a short form of Burckhard (see Burkhart).North German and Danish : nickname for a fat man, from Middle Low German bÅ«k ‘belly’. Compare Bauch.German : variant of Bock.German : variant of Puck in the sense ‘defiant’, ‘spiteful’, or ‘stubborn’.German : topographic name from a field name, Buck ‘hill’.Emanuel Buck came from England to Plymouth Colony in the 1640s and in 1647 settled in Wethersfield, CT.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Nickname for a Turkish Woman; A Nose Ring
Boy/Male
British, Christian, English
People; Tribe
Boy/Male
English American Greek
Male deer.
BULK SOIL
BULK SOIL
Boy/Male
English American
Marshland.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Love, Pure
Boy/Male
British, Czechoslovakian, English, Polish, Russian
Wealthy Defender; Rich Protector; Wealthy Guardian
Female
French
French Provençal name, probably derived from the word mirar, MIREIO means "to admire."
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Name of a king.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Leader, Successful
Girl/Female
Greek
From Troy.
Boy/Male
Arabic
An Ancestor of Prophet Muhammad
Girl/Female
Tamil
Deepanwita | தீபஂவிதா
Lights of diwali
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
The Cause of Blowing
BULK SOIL
BULK SOIL
BULK SOIL
BULK SOIL
BULK SOIL
n.
A thwarting an adversary in cribbage by spoiling his score; a balk.
a.
Of great bulk or dimensions; of great size; large; thick; massive; as, bulky volumes.
n.
Bulk; volume.
v. i.
To appear or seem to be, as to bulk or extent; to swell.
a.
Of or pertaining to a bull; resembling a bull; male; large; fierce.
n.
The main mass or body; the largest or principal portion; the majority; as, the bulk of a debt.
v. t.
To throw by bucking. See Buck, v. i., 2.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Bulk
n. & v.
See Balk.
v. i.
To go to bed in a bunk; -- sometimes with in.
n.
A name given to some parts that resemble in shape certain bulbous roots; as, the bulb of the aorta.
n.
One who, or that which, resembles a bull in character or action.
imp. & p. p.
of Bulk
v. t.
To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; as, to hulk a hare.
v. i.
To take the shape of a bulb; to swell.
a.
Having a short and thick neck like that of a bull.
v. t.
To disappoint; to frustrate; to foil; to baffle; to /hwart; as, to balk expectation.
n.
Anything bulky or unwieldly.
n.
Magnitude of material substance; dimensions; mass; size; as, an ox or ship of great bulk.
v. t.
To endeavor to raise the market price of; as, to bull railroad bonds; to bull stocks; to bull Lake Shore; to endeavor to raise prices in; as, to bull the market. See 1st Bull, n., 4.