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Group of organic microfossils
Acritarchs (from Greek achritos 'uncertain' and arché 'origin') are organic microfossils, known from the Archean eon of the Precambrian to the present
Acritarch
Fossil that requires the use of a microscope to see
skeletons or microbial cysts from the Chrysophyta, Pyrrhophyta, Sarcodina, acritarchs and chitinozoans, together with pollen and spores from the vascular plants
Microfossil
Tappania is an acanthomorph acritarch found in late Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic rocks. The oldest examples are around 1630 million
Tappania
Fossil formation in south-central China
phosphatized microfossils of algae, multicellular thallophytes (seaweeds), acritarchs, ciliates, and cyanophytes, besides adult sponges and adult cnidarians
Doushantuo_Formation
Biological kingdom
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Animal
Fossil of possible very early bilateral animal
Vernanimalcula guizhouena is an acritarch dating from 600 to 580 million years ago; it was between 0.1 and 0.2 mm across (roughly the width of one or
Vernanimalcula
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
lophostriata from North China, lived approximately 1.65 billion years ago. Some acritarchs are known from at least 1.65 billion years ago, and a fossil, Grypania
Eukaryote
German paleontologist
glass negatives. He first described chitinozoans and many species of acritarchs, dinoflagellate cysts and graptolites. In 1973 he became an honorary member
Alfred_Eisenack
First Series of the Silurian
was later discovered to be imprecise. It is currently placed between acritarch biozone 5 and last appearance of Pterospathodus amorphognathoides. It
Llandovery_Epoch
Geologic formation in China
Formation in Hubei. However, its small shelly fossils and Micrhystridium-like acritarchs are a shared characteristic with the Cambrian aged Yanjiahe Formation
Dengying_Formation
Shuiyousphaeridium is an extinct genus of acritarch discovered in 1993. Dated to 1.8Ga, it represents one of the earliest fossil eukaryote taxa. It is
Shuiyousphaeridium
Genus of protists
Introvertocystis is an extinct genus of acritarchs. Introvertocystis rangiaotea is from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) Tupuangi Formation of
Introvertocystis
Kingdom of organisms
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Plant
Geologic formation in China
majorinum Acritarch Clonophycus C. sp Acritarch Leiosphaeridia L. sp Acritarch Leioarachnitum L. sp Acritarch Trachysphaeridium T. aperturum Acritarch Microconcentrica
Gaoyuzhuang_Formation
Organism belonging to kingdom Fungi
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Fungus
Process of forming the first eukaryotic cell
multicellularity. Early eukaryote fossils, from the late Paleoproterozoic, include acritarch microfossils with relatively robust ornate carbonaceous vesicles of Tappania
Eukaryogenesis
Symbiosis of fungi with algae
are thought to be 551 to 635 million years old or Ediacaran. Ediacaran acritarchs also have many similarities with Glomeromycotan vesicles and spores. It
Lichen
System that relates geologic strata to time
followed by radiations, including: earliest Cambrian loss of the Ediacaran acritarchs; end-Botomian extinction, linked to the Kalkarindji large igneous province
Geologic_time_scale
Geologic eon, 2500–539 million years ago
had become moderately biodiverse. The blossoming of eukaryotes such as acritarchs did not preclude the expansion of cyanobacteria – in fact, stromatolites
Proterozoic
Extinct genus of eukaryotes
Cephalonyx is a genus of filamentous acritarchs known from the Precambrian and early Cambrian (and possibly other times). Butterfield, N. J.; Knoll, A
Cephalonyx
Extinct genus of priapulid worms
of small carbonaceous fossils (SCFS) indicates that the late Cambrian acritarch Goniomorpha Yin 1986 represents the teeth of a priapulid worm". Palynology
Ottoia
Period of major evolutionary diversification of animal life
Precambrian marine diversity was dominated by small fossils known as acritarchs. This term describes almost any small organic-walled fossil—from the egg
Cambrian_explosion
Life of the Ediacaran period
claimed by some, however, to represent the infilling of an egg-sac or acritarch. In 2020, Ikaria wariootia was claimed to represent one of the oldest
Ediacaran_biota
Group of eukaryotes which includes animals and fungi, among other groups
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Opisthokont
Extinct genus of organisms
Granomarginata is a genus of spherical Cambrian acritarchs interpreted as a phytoplankton. Knoll, A. H.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Kaufman, A. J.; Kolosov, P
Granomarginata
Second largest lake in Sweden
sediments deposited before the Vättern came into existence as a graben. Acritarch microfossils such as Chuaria circularis are common in Visingsö Group.
Vättern
Fossil-rich deposit in the UK
Pterobranchia Uninvestigated "Graptoloids" Uninvestigated Inanihella A radiolarian Haplentactinia Parasecuicollacta "Mazuelloids" A type of acritarch
Coalbrookdale_Formation
Fourth period of the Paleozoic Era
affected marine groups were the brachiopods, trilobites, ammonites, and acritarchs, and the world saw the disappearance of an estimated 96% of vertebrates
Devonian
Study of pollen and other acid-resistant microoscopic organic material
palynomorphs (paleopalynology), including pollen, spores, orbicules, dinocysts, acritarchs, chitinozoans and scolecodonts, together with particulate organic matter
Palynology
Third and last period of the Neoproterozoic Era
worldwide occurrence of the Pertatataka assemblage of giant acanthomorph acritarchs. The Ediacaran Period represents the time from the end of global Marinoan
Ediacaran
Mass extinction event at the end of the Ediacaran period, 539 million years ago
mass extinction occurred includes a massive reduction in diversity of acritarchs, the sudden disappearance of the Ediacara biota and calcifying organisms
End-Ediacaran_extinction
Geologic formation in Northwestern Russia
tenuissima Acritarch. Tynnia T. precambrica Acritarch. Tuberculum T. mamillatum Acritarch. Pterospermopsimorpha P. insolita Two-layed acritarch. Ceratosphaeridium
Starorusskaya_Formation
Clade containing animals and some protists
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Holozoa
First geological period of the Paleozoic Era
markers for the base of the Miaolingian include the appearance of many acritarchs forms, a global marine transgression, and the disappearance of the polymerid
Cambrian
Division or phylum of fungi
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Ascomycota
Genus of Acritarcha
is an extinct genus of acritarchs. C. elegans is from the Tremadocian, the lower age of the Ordovocian of Morocco. Acritarchs from Klabava Shales (Arenig)
Coryphidium
Eukaryotic supergroup that comprises stramenopiles, alveolates and rhizarians
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
SAR_supergroup
; Palacios, T.; Jensen, S.; Barr, S. M. (2012). "Cambrian-Ordovician acritarchs in the Meguma terrane, Nova Scotia, Canada: Resolution of early Paleozoic
Goldenville_Group
Group of single-celled organisms
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Obazoa
Geologic formation in China
L. tenuissima Acritarch Simia S. annulare Acritarch Ostiana O. microcystis Colonial acritarch Synsphaeridium S. sp Colonial acritarch Polysphaeroides
Shiwangzhuang_Formation
acritarchs fom the Ediacaran strata of the Shuurgat Formation (Mongolia), reporting evidence of affinities of the studied assemblage with acritarchs from
2026_in_paleontology
the acritarchs suggests possible affinities between some of the species. For example, the composition and structure of the Neoproterozoic acritarch Tanarium
Geology applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Geology_applications_of_Fourier_transform_infrared_spectroscopy
Taxonomic group of slime molds
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Eumycetozoa
Monophyletic grouping within the Opisthokonta
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Filozoa
Subclade of green plants, also known as land plants
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Embryophyte
Group including fungi, animals and various protozoa
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Amorphea
Acritarchs reported from the Gull River Formation Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images Dicommopalla D. rissae Southern Ontario. Also found in the
Gull_River_Formation
Clade of eukaryotes containing land plants and some algae
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Archaeplastida
Genus of single-celled organisms
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Cryptosporidium
Clade of eukaryotes
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Diaphoretickes
Branch of paleontology that studies microfossils
protist skeletons or cysts from the Chrysophyta, Pyrrhophyta, Sarcodina, acritarchs and chitinozoans, together with pollen and spores from the vascular plants
Micropaleontology
Genus of Precambrian microfossils
are preserved as organic-walled microstructures typical of Precambrian acritarch-like assemblages. Bloeser, Bonnie (1985). "Melanocyrillium, a new genus
Melanocyrillium
Spelling bee held in the United States in 2015
minhag - misspelled by Siddharth Krishnakumar (T-4th) cibarial zygoneure acritarch - misspelled by Cole Shafer-Ray (3rd) bouquetière caudillismo thamakau
88th Scripps National Spelling Bee
88th_Scripps_National_Spelling_Bee
Town in Estonia
cultural centre Central square of Rapla Bank in Rapla Cheleutochroa (Acritarch from the Rapla borehole) "Population by sex, age and place of residence
Rapla
Fossil genus of acritarchs
Cheleutochroa is an extinct genus of acritarchs from the Ordovician. C. elegans was recovered from Rapla borehole in Estonia. Some middle and late ordovician
Cheleutochroa
Fossil flagellate
Ordovician to the Silurian. Moyeria is a genus of fossils initially considered acritarchs, of unknown evolutionary affinity. They were widely interpreted as resting
Moyeria
Stratigraphy which assigns ages of rock strata by using fossils
that are widely used in biostratigraphy. Species of microfossils such as acritarchs, chitinozoans, conodonts, dinoflagellate cysts, ostracods, pollen, spores
Biostratigraphy
Genus of cnidarians
Ediacara-type fauna from the Booley Bay Formation, County Wexford, Ireland: new acritarch data and their implications. In: Steemans, P. & Javaux, E. (eds.): Pre-Cambrian
Ediacaria
Term to designate the first appearance of a species in the geologic record
Wen Hui; Yan, Kui (2018). "First Appearance Datums (FADs) of selected acritarch taxa and correlation between Lower and Middle Ordovician stages". Lethaia
First_appearance_datum
Clade of eukaryotes
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Pancryptista
(link) Torricelli, S. (2000). "Lower Cretaceous dinoflagellate cyst and acritarch stratigraphy of the Cismon APTICORE (Southern Alps, Italy)". Review of
List of organisms named after works of fiction
List_of_organisms_named_after_works_of_fiction
Third stage of the Silurian and last stage of the Llandovery
ratified 2024 Upper boundary definition Imprecise. Currently placed between acritarch biozone 5 and LAD of Pterospathodus amorphognathoides. See Llandovery
Telychian
First radiation of dinoflagellates and spiny acritarchs – increase in defensive systems indicate that acritarchs are responding to carnivorous habits of dinoflagellates –
Timeline_of_Earth
overprinted by the Variscan and Alpine Orogeny. The oldest fossils are acritarch phytoplancton and spores, which indicate a Cambrian to Ordovician age
Drina_Formation
Clade of eukaryotes
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Stramenopile
Aquatic, unicellular protists with two flagella
Johannisson A, Fago FJ (January 2000). "Affinities of early Cambrian acritarchs studied by using microscopy, fluorescence flow cytometry and biomarkers"
Dinoflagellate
Subphylum of single-celled organisms
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Radiolaria
Group of microorganisms with two flagella
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Apusomonad
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
phytoplanktonic protists (acritarchs) around 520–510 Ma, followed by a decrease in diversity around 500 Ma. The surviving acritarchs expanded in diversity
Protist
Taxon of protozoans with hair-like organelles called cilia
suctorian. However, a later paper found these to instead be deformed acritarchs. A fossil Vorticella has been discovered inside a leech cocoon from the
Ciliate
Phylum of protozoans
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Amoebozoa
Fungus-like eukaryotic microorganism
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Oomycete
Genus of protists
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Glissandra
Phylum of parasitic alveolates
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Apicomplexa
Geological formations in North America
geologic record. Based on data taken by Huff et al. 1992 from graptolite, acritarch, chitinozoan, conodont, and shelly fossils, there was no irregular extinction
Deicke and Millbrig bentonite layers
Deicke_and_Millbrig_bentonite_layers
Clade of eukaryotes
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
CAM_(clade)
Division of plant life
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Red_algae
Phylum of microbes in Provora
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Nebulid
Group of extinct creatures that were part of the Ediacaran biota
is that they could not have been photosynthetic. In any case, like the acritarchs, they are considered evolutionary enigmas, and possibly an independent
Vendobionta
Order of algae
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Klebsormidiales
Geologic group in Ireland
unfossiliferous (without fossils), locally sparse graptolite faunas and acritarchs have been found. Their dating range from the Drumian stage of the Cambrian
Ribband_Group
Geological formation in China
"Germ-soma differentiation and reproduction in a new species of early Cambrian acritarch". Palaeontology. 66 (6) 12687. Bibcode:2023Palgy..6612687L. doi:10.1111/pala
Kuanchuanpu_Formation
Genus of basal eukaryotes
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Barthelona
Phylum of aquatic animals
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Placozoa
Second of the big five mass extinctions
to be starkly affected include the brachiopods, ammonites, conodonts, acritarch and graptolites. Cystoids disappeared during this event. The surviving
Late_Devonian_mass_extinction
different orogenies deep in the past, which include stromatolite and acritarch fossils. Some examples include the dolomitic shales, conglomerates, quartzites
Geology of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Geology_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Geologic formation in Denmark
100 m thick glauconitic silt-sandstone occasionally bearing extremely acritarch-rich phosphatic pebbles; gradually transitioning upwards into the upper
Læså_Formation
First period of the Neoproterozoic Era
was found in this period. The first large evolutionary radiation of acritarchs occurred during the Tonian. Late Tonian sediments abound in vase-shaped
Tonian
Evolutionary radiation of marine animal life throughout the Ordovician period
articulated brachiopods, gastropods, and bivalves. The acritarch record (the majority of acritarchs were probably marine algae) displays the Ordovician radiation
Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event
Great_Ordovician_Biodiversification_Event
konovalovi to this genus. Palacios (2024) describes a diverse assemblage of acritarchs from the Ediacaran Tentudía Formation (Spain), representing the oldest
2024_in_paleontology
of acritarchs proposed by Eisenack in 1958. The grouping was refined to represent a more natural group by Jankauskas. Some leiosphaerid acritarchs have
Leiosphaerid
Geological formation
Acritarchs of the Gravel Point Formation Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images Lophosphaeridium L. sp. Tasmanites T. sp.
Gravel_Point_Formation
Early, tube-shaped fossil from the Proterozoic eon
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Grypania
Geologic formation in Bolivia
locality, south of Rio Piray at Fossilworks.org G. D. Wood. 1997. The acritarch Proteolobus walli gen et sp. nov. from the Devonian Iquiri Formation of
Iquiri_Formation
Geologic formation in Svalbard
Cerebrosphaera C. buickii Acritarch Chuaria C. sp Acritarch Cymatiosphaeroides C. kullingii Acritarch Dictyotidium D. fullerene Acritarch Germinosphaera G. bispinosa
Svanbergfjellet_Formation
Phylum of eukaryotic microbes
Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Phyllomitus Quasibodo Tetrahelia Acritarchs and other fossils †Acritarcha †Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Calcitarcha
Caelestes
Late Ordovician lagerstatte formation in South Africa
Siltstone. It contains typical Ordovician microfossils, such as chitinozoa, acritarchs and spores, and its shelly fauna is also typical of this time period.
Soom_Shale
Geologic formation in Hubei, China
105361. Ahn, Soo Yeun; Zhu, Maoyan (November 2017). "Lowermost Cambrian acritarchs from the Yanjiahe Formation, South China: implication for defining the
Yanjiahe_Formation
Geologic formation in Australia
earliest eukaryotic fossils known, including several tubular forms and acritarchs. After Riedman et al, 2023 Alongside these, several undescribed forms
Limbunya_Group
Earth's most severe extinction event
1. Rampino, Michael R.; Eshet, Yoram (January 2018). "The fungal and acritarch events as time markers for the latest Permian mass extinction: An update"
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
ACRITARCH
ACRITARCH
ACRITARCH
ACRITARCH
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
Arabic
Servant; Attendant
Girl/Female
Indian
Form of worship
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Deep Rapturous Love; Adoration
Boy/Male
Australian, German, Hebrew, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh, Tamil
God; Young Lion
Girl/Female
Afghan, Arabic, Bengali, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Muslim
Like; Equal; Matching
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit
Well Born
Boy/Male
Assamese, Indian
Reducing Air to Ashes; One of the 101 Names of Ahura Mazda
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Peace
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Preserver of Satisfaction
ACRITARCH
ACRITARCH
ACRITARCH
ACRITARCH
ACRITARCH