Search references for WILLIAM ADDISON. Phrases containing WILLIAM ADDISON
See searches and references containing WILLIAM ADDISON!WILLIAM ADDISON
Topics referred to by the same term
William Addison may refer to: William Addison (physician) (1803–1881), British physician William Addison (VC) (1883–1962), holder of the Victoria Cross
William_Addison
American type designer (1880–1956)
William Addison Dwiggins (June 19, 1880 – December 25, 1956) was an American type designer, calligrapher, and book designer. He attained prominence as
William_Addison_Dwiggins
American politician
William Addison Duncan (February 2, 1836 – November 14, 1884) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. William
William_Addison_Duncan
William Addison Carroll (1837–1914) was a Methodist minister and state senator in West Virginia. He served in the West Virginia Senate from 1907 to 1910
William_Addison_Carroll
William Addison Caldwell (1856–1910) became the first student to enroll in the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (V.A.M.C.) in the school's
Addison_Caldwell
American author and playwright
William Addison Lathrop (1864 – January 3, 1925) was an American writer, playwright, and screenwriter for silent films. Lathrop was born in Cincinnati
William_Addison_Lathrop
English footballer (1849–1937)
Lieut-Colonel George William Addison (18 September 1849 – 8 November 1937) was an English soldier who played for the Royal Engineers in the 1872 and 1874
George_William_Addison
Recipient of the Victoria Cross
William Robert Fountaine Addison (18 September 1883 – 7 January 1962) was an English Anglican priest and army chaplain. He was a recipient of the Victoria
William_Addison_(VC)
British peer
William Matthew Wand Addison, 4th Viscount Addison (born 13 June 1945) is a British peer. The son of Michael Addison, 3rd Viscount Addison, he succeeded
William Addison, 4th Viscount Addison
William_Addison,_4th_Viscount_Addison
English historian, author and jurist
Sir William Wilkinson Addison (4 April 1905 – 1 November 1992) was an English historian, writer and jurist. He is significant for his research and books
William_Wilkinson_Addison
American politician
William Addison Phillips (1824–1893) was a Free-State Abolitionist journalist during the "Bleeding Kansas" period. He also served in the Civil War, ending
William_A._Phillips
American publisher
Addison–Wesley is an American publisher of textbooks and computer literature. It is an imprint of Pearson plc, a global publishing and education company
Addison-Wesley
2005, p. 2. ISBN 0-8050-6922-4 Loderhouse, Gary and Nelson Price, William Addison Hunter, Legendary Hoosiers: Famous Folks from the State of Indiana
Heights of presidents and presidential candidates of the United States
Heights_of_presidents_and_presidential_candidates_of_the_United_States
American Publishing Press
of the Press developed quickly in its early years, at first imitating William Morris’s style and the Arts and Crafts movement. But where Morris’s work
Merrymount_Press
American cartoonist
William Addison Ireland (1880 – May 29, 1935), a native of Chillicothe, Ohio, was a self-taught cartoonist well known throughout Ohio. The Billy Ireland
Billy_Ireland
Topics referred to by the same term
Addison may refer to: George Augustus Addison (1792–1814), author George Henry Male Addison (1857–1922), Australian architect George William Addison (1849–1937)
George_Addison
British physician
William Addison FRS (1803 – 26 September 1881) was a British physician. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society on 29 January 1846. He studied hematology
William_Addison_(physician)
Organization which promotes bookbinding
workers such as bookbinder Edith Diehl and printers and typographers William Addison Dwiggins and Frederic Goudy. Our members are dedicated to preserving
Guild_of_Bookworkers
Canadian politician
William John Addison Beynon, KC (21 December 1877 – 8 June 1968) was a Canadian politician and barrister. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada
William_Addison_Beynon
Geometric and humanist sans-serif typeface
Metro is a sans-serif typeface family created by William Addison Dwiggins and released by the Mergenthaler Linotype Company in 1929. Metro was Dwiggins's
Metro_(typeface)
Cell produced by hematopoiesis
first observed by Gabriel Andral, a French professor of medicine, and William Addison, a British physician, simultaneously. Both men believed that both red
Blood_cell
Type of chart
Nicolaus Samuel Cruquius, Johann Heinrich Lambert and the Scottish engineer William Playfair. Line charts often display time as a variable on the x-axis. Playfair
Line_chart
Town in Essex, England
is a small independent preparatory school on Palmerston Road. Sir William Addison (1905–1992) – historian and author, lived in Buckhurst Hill and owned
Buckhurst_Hill
Private college in Waterville, Maine, US
college's new name, c. 1899. The Colby College Seal, redesigned by William Addison Dwiggins, c. 1936. current Colby College seal, 2026. The history of
Colby_College
American chess player (1933–2008)
William Grady "Bill" Addison (November 28, 1933 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana – October 29, 2008 in San Francisco) was an American chess International Master
William Addison (chess player)
William_Addison_(chess_player)
Serif typeface
Electra is a serif typeface designed by William Addison Dwiggins and published by the Mergenthaler Linotype Company from 1935 onwards. A book face intended
Electra_(typeface)
English composer (1920–1998)
John Mervyn Addison (16 March 1920 – 7 December 1998) was a British composer best known for his film scores. Addison was born in Chobham, Surrey to a father
John_Addison
customers in the large Hudson River estates. In 1872 Lord's son-in-law William Addison Burnham joined the firm. Their first major commission came in the 1876
Lord_&_Burnham
Surname list
Addison, 1st Viscount Addison (1869–1951), British politician Christopher Addison, 2nd Viscount Addison (1904–1976), British politician Cliff Addison
Addison_(surname)
American politician and attorney (born 1942)
Addison Mitchell McConnell III (/məˈkɒnəl/ mə-KON-əl; born February 20, 1942) is an American politician and attorney serving as the senior United States
Mitch_McConnell
American architect (1872–1933)
Addison Cairns Mizner (/ˈmaɪznər/ MIZE-ner) (December 12, 1872 – February 5, 1933) was an American architect whose Mediterranean Revival and Spanish Colonial
Addison_Mizner
Puppet controlled from above using wires or strings
Helen (1966). Puppetry Today. London: Studio Vista Limited. Dwiggins, William Addison (1939). Marionette in motion; the Püterschein system diagrammed, described
Marionette
Humanist sans-serif typeface
printing uses, such as guides to countryside walks published by the LNER. William Addison Dwiggins described it and Futura as "fine in the capitals and bum in
Gill_Sans
British writer and politician (1672–1719)
Joseph Addison (1 May 1672 – 17 June 1719) was a British writer and politician. He was the eldest son of Lancelot Addison. His name is usually remembered
Joseph_Addison
American typographer (born 1960)
Corporation Microsoft Font Delivery Specification The Type Designs of William Addison Dwiggins Just My Type: A Book About Fonts by Simon Garfield Vincent
Vincent_Connare
Grammar school in Clitheroe, Lancashire, England
currently still running. [citation needed] Sir William Addison (1905–1992), historian and author William Blezard (1921–2003), composer Pattie Coldwell
Clitheroe Royal Grammar School
Clitheroe_Royal_Grammar_School
American judge (1878–1955)
William Addison Riner (June 26, 1878 – November 20, 1955) was a justice of the Wyoming Supreme Court from January 10, 1928, until his death on November
William_A._Riner
Font style with cursive typeface and slanted design
designers replicated his approach for a time: Van Krimpen's Romulus and William Addison Dwiggins' Electra were both released with obliques. Morison's Times
Italic_type
Serif typeface
Caledonia is a serif typeface designed by William Addison Dwiggins in 1938 for the Mergenthaler Linotype Company and commonly used in book design. As
Caledonia_(typeface)
2023 American film
directed by William Atticus Parker, in his second directorial effort, and starring Leon Addison Brown, Whoopi Goldberg, and Alec Baldwin. Leon Addison Brown
Atrabilious
list of notable burials at Brookwood Cemetery near Woking in Surrey. William Addison (VC) Alexis Theodorovich Aladin Omar Ali-Shah Abdullah Yusuf Ali Aftab
List of people buried in Brookwood Cemetery
List_of_people_buried_in_Brookwood_Cemetery
British Army military unit
awarded Victoria Crosses: James Adams, Noel Mellish, Theodore Hardy and William Addison. At services on formal occasions, chaplains wear their medals and decorations
Royal Army Chaplains' Department
Royal_Army_Chaplains'_Department
British civil servant
Eleanor Brigit Addison (b. 11 June 1938) Hon. Caroline Ruth Addison (b. 30 July 1942) William Matthew Wand Addison, 4th Viscount Addison (b. 13 June 1945)
Michael Addison, 3rd Viscount Addison
Michael_Addison,_3rd_Viscount_Addison
English actress
Robyn Addison (born 17 January 1984) is an English actress known for her roles in television series such as Doc Martin, Survivors and Casualty, as well
Robyn_Addison
Ireland international rugby union footballer
William Joseph Addison (born 20 August 1992) is an English-born Irish international rugby union player who played as a utility back for Sale Sharks, Ulster
Will_Addison
Old-style serif typeface
influences of several historic models. Similarities can be seen with William Addison Dwiggins' 1935 design for the typeface Electra in its clarity of form
FF_Scala
Particular size, weight and style of a typeface
typeface's characters were cast. The typeface was the "Falcon" design by William Addison Dwiggins, ultimately never issued. Blackwell, Lewis. 20th Century Type
Font
Australian politician
William Addison Adamson (27 May 1858 – 10 June 1924) was an Australian politician. Adamson was born in South Yarra to seedsman William Adamson and Isabella
William Adamson (Australian politician)
William_Adamson_(Australian_politician)
Base-12 numeral system
2008. From 2008 to 2015, the DSA used ⟨ , ⟩, the symbols devised by William Addison Dwiggins. The Dozenal Society of Great Britain (DSGB) proposed symbols
Duodecimal
Topics referred to by the same term
British Indian Army general William Addison Beynon (1877–1968), Canadian politician and barrister Sir Granville Beynon (William John Granville Beynon, 1914–1996)
William Beynon (disambiguation)
William_Beynon_(disambiguation)
manner of sophisticated publishing houses like Alfred A. Knopf. The William Addison Dwiggins typeface Caledonia was typically used. The logo for the series
Time_Reading_Program
Private university in Hanover, New Hampshire, US
The College Publications Committee commissioned noted typographer William Addison Dwiggins to create a line drawing version of the seal in 1940 that
Dartmouth_College
American graphic designer and historian
the New York Subway System: The True (Maybe) Story, on the work of William Addison Dwiggins, and for Print magazine. His book on the New York subway is
Paul_Shaw_(design_historian)
Library in London for printing and typography
extensive collection the library houses: an Eric Gill collection, a William Addison Dwiggins collection, a Beatrice Warde collection, types of the Oxford
St_Bride_Library
American filmmaker and actor (born 2004)
"William Atticus Parker's Sophomore Film 'Atrabilious' Toplined By Leon Addison Brown With Whoopi Goldberg, Alec Baldwin, Jeffrey Wright, More". Deadline
William_Atticus_Parker
Gold mine in McGarry, Ontario, Canada
The Kerr–Addison Mine (also known as the Kerr Mine) is an abandoned Canadian gold mine in the Kearns area of McGarry, Ontario. In 1960, the mine was the
Kerr-Addison_Mine
Town in southwest Essex, England
Victoria Cross of the Second World War, once lived on The Avenue. Sir William Addison (1905–1992) — historian and author, owned a bookshop in Loughton High
Loughton
US Civil War Union Army Native American infantry
War. Organized at Le Roy, Kansas on May 22, 1862, it included Major William Addison Phillips. The regiment consisted of eight companies of Creeks and two
Indian_Home_Guard
Topics referred to by the same term
sign ¶ Paraphs, a 1928 book by Hermann Püterschein illustrated by William Addison Dwiggins All pages with titles beginning with Paraph Paragraph This
Paraph
Canadian politician
re-elected there in 1926. In the 1930 election, he was defeated by William Addison Beynon of the Conservative party. In the 1935 election, Ross won back
J._Gordon_Ross
American baseball player
William Addison Ward (November 3, 1909 – February 1987) was an American baseball center fielder in the Negro leagues. He played with the Bacharach Giants
Willie_Ward
Proslavery Missourian raiders within Kansas Territory
United States. New York: Dix, Edwards and Company, 1856. Phillips, William Addison. The conquest of Kansas, by Missouri and her allies. A history of the
Border_ruffian
Village and parish in Hampshire, England
Hampshire County Council announced plans to close Odiham library. Reverend William Addison (VC) (1883–1962) was educated at Robert May's School. Awarded Victoria
Odiham
United States Navy base in New Jersey
is located in Colts Neck, and according to public relations liaison William Addison, the residents there patronize many of the local businesses." Lewis
Naval_Weapons_Station_Earle
Surname list
Sue Dwiggins (1914–2011), American writer and production assistant William Addison Dwiggins (1880–1956), American type designer, calligrapher, and book
Dwiggins
Type of book publisher
1929) is the son of Haim Wardi, PhD (ne Rosenfeld; 1901–1975) (he) William Addison Dwiggins (1880–1956), a commercial artist, is lauded for high quality
Private_press
Component of blood aiding in coagulation
sufficiently to make it possible to see platelets for the first time. William Addison in 1842 drew pictures of a platelet-fibrin clot. Lionel Beale in 1864
Platelet
Restaurant in California, United States
Addison is a restaurant in San Diego, California, that showcases California gastronomy from Chef William Bradley. It was the first and only three Michelin-star
Addison_(restaurant)
American publishing house
typography, employing notable designers and typographers including William Addison Dwiggins, Harry Ford, Steven Heller, Chip Kidd, Lorraine Louie, Peter
Alfred_A._Knopf
Canadian novelist, poet, and academic
novelist, poet, and academic. Born in Hamilton, Ontario, the son of William Addison Child and Elizabeth Helen (Harvey) Child graduated from Ridley College
Philip_Child
Canadian flying ace of WWII
victories during the Blitz on London, many with his radar operator William Addison, and was awarded a Bar to his DFC. In May 1942, he was appointed to
Gordon_Raphael_(RAF_officer)
Village in Lancashire, England
Bradford in Staincliffe and Mitton itself which straddled the two. Sir William Addison (1905–1992), historian and author, was born at Milton. The civil parish
Great_Mitton
American politician
William Addison Magee (May 4, 1873 – March 25, 1938) was born in Pittsburgh's Hill District neighborhood near the site of the former Mellon Arena. Before
William_A._Magee
Surname list
Duncan (b. 1980), American politician and member of the Nevada Assembly William Addison Duncan (1836–1884), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania's 19th congressional
Duncan_(surname)
Match between Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky
participated in the 1969 US Championship (Zonal). Pal Benko (and the reserve William Lombardy) gave up their spot, however, and FIDE President Max Euwe controversially
World_Chess_Championship_1972
Chess opening
1962 Chess Olympiad (later published in My 60 Memorable Games) and William Addison in 1970. The variation with 4...g6 "has been under a cloud ever since
Scandinavian_Defense
Former fine art business in Chicago
Henri-Charles Guérard, 1846-1897, 108 original prints, 1981; and Robert William Addison, forty years of realism, 1982. In 1987, after 25 years in business
Merrill_Chase_Galleries
1917 American film
American drama silent film directed by Edward LeSaint and written by William Addison Lathrop. The film stars House Peters, Sr., Eugene Pallette, Nina Byron
The_Heir_of_the_Ages
English merchant and politician
University Press. p. 135. Biog. by Philip Mould Ltd, Art Dealers, London. William Addison, Essex Worthies (Philimore, 1973) History of Parliament Online - Child
Josiah_Child
American type designer (born 1966)
Multiple master fonts for Adobe Systems and a revival and expansion of William Addison Dwiggins’ Eldorado family for Premiere Magazine. Rickner joined Monotype
Thomas_Rickner
Former indoor market in Dublin, Ireland
Construction started in 1902 and the market was opened in June 1906 by George William Addison as a representative of the then Viscount Iveagh. Maintenance of the
Iveagh_Markets
Form of slanted type
designers replicated his approach for a time: van Krimpen's Romulus and William Addison Dwiggins' Electra were both released with obliques. Morison's Times
Oblique_type
British industrialist (1772 - 1827)
Anthony Smith or, occasionally, Anthony Bacon II; and, as a child, William Addison) (1772 - 11 August 1827) was a British industrialist turned landed
Anthony_Bushby_Bacon
Doret (Metroscript, Deliscript, DeLuxe Gothic, Orion MD, PowerStation) William Addison Dwiggins (36 completed typefaces including Electra, Caledonia, Metro)
List_of_type_designers
1941–1945 military career of the future Rhodesian Prime Minister
Rhodesian capital, Salisbury, to tell the colony's director of manpower, William Addison, that he wanted to join the air force; to avoid being barred from enlistment
Military_career_of_Ian_Smith
School district in Monmouth County, New Jersey, US
is located in Colts Neck, and according to public relations liaison William Addison, the residents there patronize many of the local businesses." FRHSD
Freehold Regional High School District
Freehold_Regional_High_School_District
Private social club in Boston, Massachusetts
OCLC 964661107. Notable members include Theodore L. de Vinne F. Holland Day William Addison Dwiggins Worthington C. Ford Edwin Davis French Wendell Garrett Frederic
The_Club_of_Odd_Volumes
Area of Malvern, Worcestershire, England
Benjamin Stillingfleet in 1757, the poet Thomas Warton in 1790, and William Addison, the physician of the Duchess of Kent (mother of Queen Victoria) in
Great_Malvern
(961–984) – saint and illegitimate daughter of King Edgar the Peaceful William Addison (1883–1962) – recipient of the Victoria Cross Thomas Becket (c. 1118–1170)
List_of_people_from_Kent
American judge, botanist, and amateur astronomer (1830–1913)
Addison C. Brown (February 21, 1830 – April 9, 1913) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District
Addison_Brown
Topics referred to by the same term
Duncan (1894–1960), Scottish physicist William Addison Duncan (1836–1884), U.S. representative from Pennsylvania William C. Duncan (1820–1877), brewer, politician
William_Duncan
American printing and communications company
treasurer, and William A. Kittredge, head of the department of design and typography, organized the campaign. Kittredge approached William Addison Dwiggins
RR_Donnelley
American internist and medical historian
doi:10.1016/0002-9149(69)90500-1. PMID 4897732. Jarcho, Saul (1971). "William Addison on blood vessels and inflammation (1841–1843)". The American Journal
Saul_Jarcho
High school in Monmouth County, New Jersey, US
is located in Colts Neck, and according to public relations liaison William Addison, the residents there patronize many of the local businesses." Staff
Colts_Neck_High_School
Judges. Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved June 11, 2015. "Philips, William Addison (1824-1893)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
List of people from Salina, Kansas
List_of_people_from_Salina,_Kansas
Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 18. Retrieved 2025-09-18. "Adamson, William Addison". Parliament of Victoria. 1985. Archived from the original on 2006-08-23
List of Brighton Grammar School people
List_of_Brighton_Grammar_School_people
1918 silent film
Dalton Ida Pardee as Mother Dalton William R. Dunn as Grat Dalton Mabel Bardine as Eugenia Moore Jack O'Loughlin as William McElhanie Dick Clark as Charles
Beyond_the_Law_(1918_film)
American comedy-drama television series (1985–1989)
Agency and its two partners, Madolyn "Maddie" Hayes (Shepherd) and David Addison (Willis). The show, with a mix of mystery, sharp dialogue, and sexual tension
Moonlighting_(TV_series)
American printer and typeface designer
Typographic Development. Griffith worked closely with the designers William Addison Dwiggins and Rudolph Ruzicka, whom he solicited to create typefaces
Chauncey_H._Griffith
Natural spring water from the Malvern Hills
brought his wife Catherine to Malvern for a rest cure in 1809. In 1828, William Addison, the physician of the Duchess of Kent (mother of Queen Victoria) lectured
Malvern_water
WILLIAM ADDISON
WILLIAM ADDISON
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, French, German, Swiss
Will Helmet; Resolute Protector; Will; Son of William
Male
German
 Variant spelling of German Kilian, KILLIAN means "little warrior." Compare with another form of Killian.
Male
Irish
Irish Gaelic form of German Wilhelm, UILLIAM means "will-helmet."
Boy/Male
German American English
Will-helmet. Famous Bearers: poet and playwright William Shakespeare (1564-1616) and William...
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Lilian, LILLIAN means "lily."
Male
Scottish
 Pet form of Scottish Gaelic Uilleam, WILLIE means "will-helmet." Compare with another form of Willie.
Boy/Male
German Teutonic Dutch
Will-helmet. Famous Bearers: poet and playwright William Shakespeare (1564-1616) and William...
Boy/Male
Irish
cille means “â€associated with the church.â€â€ One St. Cillian left Ireland in about 650 AD with eleven companions and carried out his missionary work in the Rhine region of Germany where he became Bishop of Wurzburg after converting the local lord, Duke Gosbert of Wurzburg, to Christianity. Later Duke Gosbert married Geilana, his brother’s widow and Cillian declared the marriage invalid. While Gosbert was away on a military expedition, Geilana had Cillian beheaded when she found that Gosbert was going to leave her because their marriage was forbidden by the Church. The city of Wurzburg still celebrates a festival of mystery plays each year, known as Killianfest.
Female
English
Short form of English Lillian, LILLIA means "lily."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Gilliam.
Female
English
English variant spelling of Roman Latin Jillian, GILLIAN means "descended from Jupiter (Jove)."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Gilliam, which is itself a variant of William.
Female
Scottish
Variant spelling of Scottish Lilias, LILLIAS means "lily."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of William, from a central French form in which W is replaced by G.
Male
English
English form of Norman French Willelm, WILLIAM means "will-helmet."
Male
Scottish
Scottish Gaelic form of German Wilhelm, UILLEAM means "will-helmet."
Boy/Male
Shakespearean American French Teutonic English German
Henry VI, 2' Sir John Stanley. 'Henry VI, Part III' Sir William Stanley. 'As You Like It' A...
Boy/Male
German
Form of William; Resolute Protector
Male
English
 Pet form of English William, WILLIE means "will-helmet." Compare with another form of Willie.
Male
English
 Variant spelling of English Killeen, KILLIAN means "little warrior." Compare with another form of Killian.
WILLIAM ADDISON
WILLIAM ADDISON
Girl/Female
Muslim
Heroine of famous folk tale
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Love for the Name of God
Male
Portuguese
Portuguese form of Visigothic Frithnanth, FERNÃO means "ardent for peace."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Victory, Victorious
Boy/Male
Indian
Judicious, Wise, Prudent
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian
Sky
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Latin
Wonderful; Extraordinary
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.There was a family of this name in Roussillon, France, descended from a partisan of James II named Kennedy, who was exiled in France in the 17th century. The family died out in France in 1868, but may have had an American branch.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian
Lord Buddha
Boy/Male
Hindu
New Veda knowledge
WILLIAM ADDISON
WILLIAM ADDISON
WILLIAM ADDISON
WILLIAM ADDISON
WILLIAM ADDISON
a.
Willing to receive counsel or follow advice.
n.
Willing acceptance.
n.
Any book printed by William Caxton, the first English printer.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Will
v. t.
Received of choice, or without reluctance; submitted to voluntarily; chosen; desired.
a.
Willing to yield or submit; responsive; tractable.
a.
Content; easy in mind; satisfied; quiet; willing.
n.
A dam or mound to obstruct a water course, and raise the water to a height sufficient to turn a mill wheel.
a.
Willing; ready to agree or consent.
a.
Not willing; loath; disinclined; reluctant; as, an unwilling servant.
a.
Capable of being appeased or pacified; ready or willing to be pacified; willing to forgive or condone.
a.
Affording entrance; receptive; yielding; willing; open; prompt.
v. t.
Free to do or to grant; having the mind inclined; not opposed in mind; not choosing to refuse; disposed; not averse; desirous; consenting; complying; ready.
n.
One who works at a willying machine.
n.
A girl; esp., a wanton; a gill.
a.
Of or relating to Sir William Herschel; as, the Herschelian telescope.
n.
Alt. of Willywaw
n.
The power of willing or determining; will.
v. t.
Spontaneous; self-moved.
adv.
Willing; disposed.