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German physicist
Wilhelm Lenz (February 8, 1888, in Frankfurt am Main – April 30, 1957, in Hamburg) was a German physicist, most notable for his invention of the Ising
Wilhelm_Lenz
Vector used in astronomy
Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector is named after Pierre-Simon de Laplace, Carl Runge and Wilhelm Lenz. It is also known as the Laplace vector, the Runge–Lenz vector
Laplace–Runge–Lenz_vector
German theoretical physicist (1868–1951)
Ernst Guillemin, Helmut Hönl, Ludwig Hopf, Adolf Kratzer, Otto Laporte, Wilhelm Lenz, Karl Meissner, Rudolf Seeliger, Ernst C. Stückelberg, Heinrich Welker
Arnold_Sommerfeld
Mathematical model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics
The Ising model (or Lenz–Ising model), named after the physicists Ernst Ising and Wilhelm Lenz, is a mathematical model of ferromagnetism in statistical
Ising_model
German physicist (1900–1998)
In 1922, he began researching ferromagnetism under the guidance of Wilhelm Lenz. He earned a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Hamburg in 1924
Ernst_Ising
Surname list
Lenz is a German surname. Notable people with the name include: Alev Lenz (born 1982), German-Turkish singer/songwriter Bethany Joy Lenz-Galeotti (born
Lenz_(surname)
German historian (1850–1932)
Max Albert Wilhelm Lenz (13 June 1850 – 6 April 1932) was a German historian. Lenz was born to a Prussian and devoutly Lutheran notary in Greifswald,
Max_Lenz
Wilhelm von Lenz (born 20 May 1809 in Riga – died 7 January 1883 in Saint Petersburg) was a Baltic German Russian official and writer. Wilhelm von Lenz
Wilhelm_von_Lenz
Ishikawa diagram – Kaoru Ishikawa Ising model (a.k.a. Lenz–Ising model) – Ernst Ising (and Wilhelm Lenz) Jaccard index, similarity coefficient, distance –
Scientific phenomena named after people
Scientific_phenomena_named_after_people
Concept in cosmology
predicted that the value had to be either zero or very small. In 1926, Wilhelm Lenz concluded that "If one allows waves of the shortest observed wavelengths
Cosmological_constant_problem
Laws describing planetary orbits
depend on the inverse-square form of the attraction. Carl Runge and Wilhelm Lenz much later identified a symmetry principle in the phase space of planetary
Kepler's laws of planetary motion
Kepler's_laws_of_planetary_motion
Class of artificial neural network
origin of RNN was statistical mechanics. The Ising model was developed by Wilhelm Lenz and Ernst Ising in the 1920s as a simple statistical mechanical model
Recurrent_neural_network
German geneticist and member of the Nazi Party (1887–1976)
department devoted to eugenics, at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics. Lenz specialised in the field of the transmission
Fritz_Lenz
German multinational wholesaling company
Metro was opened in West Berlin. In 1966, Otto Beisheim met Friedrich Wilhelm Lenz, chairman of the management board of Franz Haniel & Cie. and convinced
Metro_AG
Friedmann (1888–1925) Walther Kossel (1888–1956) Viktor Trkal (1888–1956) Wilhelm Lenz (1888–1957) Georges Darmois (1888–1960) Antonio Signorini (1888–1963)
List of theoretical physicists
List_of_theoretical_physicists
Lemaître two years before Edwin Hubble. Ising model was invented by Wilhelm Lenz, but given to his student Ernst Ising to study. Jacobson's organ was
List of examples of Stigler's law
List_of_examples_of_Stigler's_law
network (RNN) was statistical mechanics. The Ising model was developed by Wilhelm Lenz and Ernst Ising in the 1920s as a simple statistical mechanical model
History of artificial neural networks
History_of_artificial_neural_networks
rotunda, erected 1907, by architect Wilhelm Lenz) and Gonsenheim (Art Nouveau building, 1909, also by Wilhelm Lenz). Monika Bub, Martin Löschmann, Klaus
Lennebergwald
September 2013. McCorduck 2004, p. 25 Brush, Stephen G. (1967). "History of the Lenz-Ising Model". Reviews of Modern Physics. 39 (4): 883–893. Bibcode:1967RvMP
Timeline of artificial intelligence
Timeline_of_artificial_intelligence
Branch of machine learning
in their connectivity structure, whereas FNNs do not. In the 1920s, Wilhelm Lenz and Ernst Ising created the Ising model which is essentially a non-learning
Deep_learning
German physicist and politician (1902–1980)
In 1926, Niels Bohr offered to pay to treat it, and on the advice of Wilhelm Lenz, Jordan sought treatment at Alfred Adler's clinic in Vienna. Together
Pascual_Jordan
Branch of physics
The first attempt at a microscopic description of magnetism was by Wilhelm Lenz and Ernst Ising through the Ising model that described magnetic materials
Condensed_matter_physics
German theoretical physicist (1893–1983)
assistant; he had been trained by Sommerfeld’s assistant and student Wilhelm Lenz to fill this role. There, Kratzer extended the theory of diatomic molecular
Adolf_Kratzer
Public university in Hamburg, Germany
and climate modeller, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2021 Wilhelm Lenz – Physicist, advisor of J. Hans D. Jensen Willibald Jentschke – Experimental
University_of_Hamburg
Quantum mechanical effect
S j i {\displaystyle S_{ij}S_{ji}} . The Ising model was invented by Wilhelm Lenz in 1920 and solved for the one-dimensional case by his doctoral student
Exchange_interaction
Cognitive science approach
network. Hopfield networks had precursors in the Ising model due to Wilhelm Lenz (1920) and Ernst Ising (1925), though the Ising model conceived by them
Connectionism
German theoretical physicist
Zeitschrift für Physik in 1925. In 1925 she received her doctorate under Wilhelm Lenz with a thesis on the influence of electric fields on the width of spectral
Lucy_Mensing
Max von Laue Harry Lehmann Otto Lehmann Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Philipp Lenard Emil Lenz Wilhelm Lenz Karl Leo Ulf Leonhardt Harald Lesch Hajo Leschke
List_of_German_physicists
City in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Baumgaertner (1798–1886), physician and pathologist Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Roller (1802–1878), psychiatrist Bertha Benz (1849–1944), wife of automotive
Pforzheim
German experimental physicist (1924–2025)
his diploma in physics (1949) and his doctorate (1951), studying under Wilhelm Lenz and Rudolf Fleischmann. In 1950/51 he was a research assistant with Lise
Herwig_Schopper
List of biographical dictionaries and encyclopedias
central and east-Europe. Central European Times, 1934–. Welding, Olaf, Wilhelm Lenz. Deutschbaltisches biographisches Lexikon 1710–1960. Böhlau Verlag, 1970
Bibliography of encyclopedias: general biographies
Bibliography_of_encyclopedias:_general_biographies
Master of the Livonian Order from 1494 to 1535
Frontier 1150–1500. Taylor & Francis. p. 220. ISBN 978-1-351-94715-2. Wilhelm Lenz believes these numbers most probable, numbers as high as 40,000 are quite
Wolter_von_Plettenberg
and geopolitician Oscar Kreuzer (1887–1968), tennis and rugby player Wilhelm Lenz (1888–1957), physicist Fritz Becker (1888–1963), football player Gussy
List_of_people_from_Frankfurt
Russian historian (1859–1954)
Publizisten des 20. Jahrhunderts. Hrsg. Norbert Angermann, Detlef Henning, Wilhelm Lenz. Berlin: Lit, 2021, S. 381-406. Die drei Leben eines Historikers. Robert
Robert_Wipper
German physicist (1907–1973)
Army Ordnance Office) on explosives. Harteck and his teaching assistant, Wilhelm Groth, made contact with the Reichskriegsministerium (RKM – Reich Ministry
J._Hans_D._Jensen
Scattering process outside crystals' first Brillouin zone
has remained in use…". The term Umklapp appears in the 1920 paper of Wilhelm Lenz's seed paper of the Ising model. Sampling theorem Niel W. Ashcroft and
Umklapp_scattering
Master of the Livonian Order from 1483 to 1494
around the eastern border in the 15th century, Baltic Monatshefte 1937. Wilhelm Lenz: "Johann Freytag von Loringhoven",Westfälische Lebensbilder, Vol. 9,
Johann Freytag von Loringhoven
Johann_Freytag_von_Loringhoven
molecules can be link together through covalent bonds to form polymer. Wilhelm Lenz describes for the first time the Ising model as a model for magnetism
Timeline of condensed matter physics
Timeline_of_condensed_matter_physics
German physicist
relative to the fine structure of spectral lines. Following a suggestion by Wilhelm Lenz, a former student of Sommerfeld who received his doctorate in 1911, Glitscher
Karl_Glitscher
State parliament (Landtag) of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Wilhelm Johnen CDU 01/13/1959 04/19/1966 Josef Hermann Dufhues CDU 04/19/1966 07/23/1966 John van Nes Ziegler SPD 07/25/1966 07/25/1970 Wilhelm Lenz CDU
Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia
Austrian artist (1860–1948)
Maximilian Lenz (4 October 1860 – 19 May 1948) was an Austrian painter, graphic artist and sculptor. Lenz was a founding member of the Vienna Secession;
Maximilian_Lenz
1933 document signed by German academics
(Hamburg), Erich Lehmensick (Kiel teacher), Hans Lemmel (Eberswalde), Wilhelm Lenz (Hamburg physicist), Philipp Lersch (Leipzig psychologist), E. H. Lieber
Vow_of_allegiance_of_the_Professors_of_the_German_Universities_and_High-Schools_to_Adolf_Hitler_and_the_National_Socialistic_State
German author
Ludwig Levy-Lenz (born 1 December 1892 in Posen (now Poznań), German Reich; died 30 October 1966 in Munich) was a German doctor of medicine and a sexual
Ludwig_Levy-Lenz
Nazi-era institute studying eugenics
Nazi eugenics and racial hygiene advocated by its leading theorist Fritz Lenz, its first director Eugen Fischer, and its second director Otmar von Verschuer
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics
Kaiser_Wilhelm_Institute_of_Anthropology,_Human_Heredity,_and_Eugenics
Lemmer Philipp Lengsfeld Vera Lengsfeld Carl Otto Lenz Hanfried Lenz Marlene Lenz Otto Lenz Wilhelm Lenz Ursula von der Leyen Christine Lieberknecht Sven
List of German Christian Democratic Union politicians
List_of_German_Christian_Democratic_Union_politicians
German historian
Metzler, Stuttgart und Weimar, ISBN 3-476-01742-7 with Michael Garleff and Wilhelm Lenz: Ostseeprovinzen, baltische Staaten und das Nationale. Festschrift für
Norbert_Angermann
Mann Wilhelm Anderson Wilhelm Eduard Weber Wilhelm Hallwachs Wilhelm Hanle Wilhelm Holtz Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger Wilhelm Lenz Wilhelm Nusselt
Index_of_physics_articles_(W)
German author (1786–1859)
Wilhelm Carl Grimm (also Karl; 24 February 1786 – 16 December 1859) was a German writer, philologist and anthropologist. He was the younger brother of
Wilhelm_Grimm
German pedagogue and naturalist (1798–1870)
"Der rätische Jägerfürst Gian Marchet Colani". Die Alpen. Hess, Wilhelm (1883). "Lenz, Harald Othmar". Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 18. pp. 278–279
Harald_Othmar_Lenz
German Baltic student association
literature and art. Volume 74, Issues 3–4, p. 211. Jürgen von Hehn, Wilhelm Lenz, Baltic Historical Commission: History of German-Baltic historiography
Corps_Concordia_Rigensis
German writer
Siegfried Lenz (German: [ˈziːkfʁiːt ˈlɛnts] ; 17 March 1926 – 7 October 2014) was a German writer of novels, short stories and essays, as well as dramas
Siegfried_Lenz
German navy officer and World War II U-boat commander (1916–1945)
Heinz-Wilhelm Eck (27 March 1916 – 30 November 1945) was a German U-boat commander of the Second World War who was tried, convicted, condemned and executed
Heinz-Wilhelm_Eck
Basic law of electromagnetism
of a physical circuit. The other is Faraday's flux rule, or the Faraday–Lenz law, which relates the electromotive force (emf) around a closed conducting
Faraday's_law_of_induction
Proto-Romanticist movement in German literature and music
Significant figures were Johann Anton Leisewitz, Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz, H. L. Wagner, Friedrich Maximilian Klinger, and Johann Georg Hamann. Johann
Sturm_und_Drang
Municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
a machine hall and a machinist's house was built in 1906 and 1907 by Wilhelm Lenz, Mainz Grand Ducal Education Inspector. The buildings are in Art Nouveau
Guntersblum
German literary award
Johnson 1978 Horst Bienek 1981 Hermann Lenz 1984 Alois Brandstetter 1987 Siegfried Lenz 1990 Gerhard Köpf [de] "Wilhelm-Raabe-Literaturpreis | Literaturpreis
Wilhelm Raabe Literature Prize
Wilhelm_Raabe_Literature_Prize
German mechanical engineer (1887–1976)
promotion enabled him to build a small team which included physicists Wilhelm Lenz and Hans Rau (physicist) [de]. Föppl found that due to his work, he was
Ludwig_Föppl
German playwright (1751–1792)
Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz (/lɛnts/; German: [lɛnts]; 23 January 1751 (O.S. 12 January 1751) – 4 June 1792 [O.S. 24 May 1792]) was a Baltic German writer
Jakob_Michael_Reinhold_Lenz
German sculptor (1832–1928)
Peter Lenz (1832–1928), afterwards Desiderius Lenz, was a German artist who became a Benedictine monk. Together with Gabriel Wüger, he founded the Beuron
Desiderius_Lenz
American gymnast (1918–1980)
Consetta Caruccio-Lenz (26 September 1918 – 2 July 1980) was an American gymnast who competed in the 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics and in the 1948 London
Consetta_Caruccio-Lenz
hirsuta (Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895), Lycosidae Cyclosa argenteoalba (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906), Araneidae Euophrys valens (Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895), Salticidae
Friedrich_Wilhelm_Bösenberg
German politician (1898–1973)
October 1953, following Otto Lenz's election to the Bundestag in the election of the previous month, Globke succeeded Lenz as Secretary of State at the
Hans_Globke
German spy (1908–1975)
German intelligence in Spain was then Wilhelm Leissner, alias "Gustav Lenz"codename "Heidelberg", Admiral Wilhelm Canaris had taken a shine to Kühlenthal
Karl-Erich_Kühlenthal
German author (1776–1822)
Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (born Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann; 24 January 1776 – 25 June 1822) was a German Romantic author of fantasy and gothic
E._T._A._Hoffmann
Austrian poet and writer (1875–1926)
René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke (4 December 1875 – 29 December 1926), known as Rainer Maria Rilke, was an Austrian poet. Acclaimed as an idiosyncratic
Rainer_Maria_Rilke
German daily newspaper
1955: Adolf Halfeld 1955 - 1956: Bruno Lenz 1956: Wolfgang Höpker 1956 - 1957: Bruno Lenz 1957 - 1971: Wilhelm Plog 1971 - 1988: Wolfgang Wagner 1989
Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung
Hannoversche_Allgemeine_Zeitung
German dramatist (1813–1837)
in 1835, followed by Lenz (first partly published in Karl Gutzkow's and Wienberg's Deutsche Revue, which was quickly banned). Lenz is a novella based on
Georg_Büchner
German author, editor and publicist
Wilhelm Bölsche (2 January 1861 – 30 August 1939) was a German author, editor and publicist. He was among the early promoters of nature conservation and
Wilhelm_Bölsche
German newspaper (1931–1945)
Reichmarks. It was initially printed in Heidelberg. The Reichstag deputy Karl Lenz was the publisher of Hakenkreuzbanner. In May 1931 the publishing frequency
Hakenkreuzbanner
German politician (1907–1968)
Hans Lenz (12 July 1907 – 28 August 1968) was a German politician of the FDP. He was Federal Minister of the Treasury for a brief period under Konrad Adenauer
Hans_Lenz
Regenerated cellulose fibre made from dissolving pulp
sub-category of rayon. Other trademarked names for Lyocell fibres are Tencel (Lenzing AG), Newcell (Akzo Nobel), and Seacell (Zimmer AG). The Aditya Birla Group
Lyocell
Cellulose-based semi-synthetic fiber
capacity by the end of the year. In 2004 Lenzing was producing 40,000 tons [sic, probably metric tonnes]. In 1998, Lenzing and Courtaulds reached a patent dispute
Rayon
Chancellor of West Germany from 1963 to 1966
Ludwig Wilhelm Erhard (German: [ˈluːtvɪç ˈʔeːɐ̯haʁt]; 4 February 1897 – 5 May 1977) was a German politician and economist who served as the second chancellor
Ludwig_Erhard
German author and artist (1927–2015)
Günter Wilhelm Grass (German: [ˈɡʏntɐ ˈɡʁas] ; 16 October 1927 – 13 April 2015) was a German novelist, poet, playwright, illustrator, graphic artist,
Günter_Grass
Hereditary Princess of Hesse-Darmstadt
Reference: Lenz, Catalogue No. 350; Christoph Friedrich Ayrmannus: [funeral sermon], Gießen, undated, printed by Müller. Reference: Lenz, Catalogue No
Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg
Countess_Charlotte_of_Hanau-Lichtenberg
German linguist, jurist and mythologist
Mythologie, and the editor of Grimms' Fairy Tales. He was the older brother of Wilhelm Grimm; together, they were the literary duo known as the Brothers Grimm
Jacob_Grimm
Town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
(1807–1876), conductor, choirmaster and composer Father Desiderius Lenz, born Peter Lenz (1832–1928), painter and founder of the Beuron School of Art Hermann
Haigerloch
German writer
Hermann Karl Lenz (26 February 1913 – 12 May 1998) was a German writer of poetry, stories, and novels. A major part of his work is a series of nine semi-autobiographical
Hermann_Lenz
American-German literary historian and anti-Nazi resistance operative (1902–1943)
were philosophy professor Ernst von Aster—a Marxist—and economist Friedrich Lenz. Aster's wife, Swedish novelist Hildur Dixelius, became a good friend and
Mildred_Harnack
German novelist (1831-1910)
Wilhelm Raabe (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈʁaːbə] ; September 8, 1831 – November 15, 1910) was a German novelist. His early works were published
Wilhelm_Raabe
German ethnologist
Friedrich Wilhelm University of Berlin. Among his teachers were Eugen Fischer at the University of Freiburg. Eugen Fischer, Edmund Husserl, Fritz Lenz, Siegfried
Wilhelm_Emil_Mühlmann
German Romantic writer (1777–1811)
Bernd Heinrich Wilhelm von Kleist (German: [ˈhaɪnʁɪç fɔn ˈklaɪst] ; 18 October 1777 – 21 November 1811) was a German poet, dramatist, novelist, short
Heinrich_von_Kleist
19th-century German botanist and ecologist
Paul Erich Otto Wilhelm Knuth (20 November 1854 in Greifswald – 30 October 1900 in Kiel) was a 19th-century German botanist and pollination ecologist
Paul_Knuth
Composition for piano by Frédéric Chopin
overflowing with tenderness, boldness, love and contempt." According to Wilhelm von Lenz, a pupil of Chopin, the composer said that the renowned sotto voce
Scherzo_No._2_(Chopin)
German literary award
Ernst Gombrich, United Kingdom 1997 – Hans Zender, Germany 1999 – Siegfried Lenz, Germany 2002 – Marcel Reich-Ranicki, Germany 2005 – Amos Oz, Israel 2008
Goethe_Prize
Belgian journalist and resistance fighter (1902–1943)
Wilhelm Guddorf (alias Paul Braun; 20 February 1902 – 13 May 1943) was a Belgian journalist, anti-Nazi and resistance fighter against the Third Reich
Wilhelm_Guddorf
German politician (born 1976)
Wilhelm Gebhard (born 15 June 1976 in Eschwege) is a German politician who was elected as a member of the Bundestag in 2025. He has served as mayor of
Wilhelm_Gebhard
German writer and polymath (1749–1832)
death in 1805. During this period, Goethe published his second novel, Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship; the verse epic Hermann and Dorothea, and, in
Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe
German politician (born 1961)
Reinhard Wilhelm Mixl (born 11 January 1961) is a German politician who was elected as a member of the Bundestag in 2025. He has been a member of the
Reinhard_Mixl
German poet, writer, and critic (1773–1853)
Heinrich von Kleist (1826) and of Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz (1828). In 1841 Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia invited Tieck to Berlin, where he received
Ludwig_Tieck
1801 piano sonata by Ludwig van Beethoven
moonlight shining upon Lake Lucerne. This comes from the musicologist Wilhelm von Lenz, who wrote in 1852: "Rellstab compares this work to a boat, visiting
Piano Sonata No. 14 (Beethoven)
Piano_Sonata_No._14_(Beethoven)
Bavarian literary award
Timm 1990 Gert Heidenreich 1991 Carl Amery 1993 Gert Hofmann 1995 Hermann Lenz 1997 Günter Herburger 1999 Ernst Augustin 2002 Uwe Timm 2005 Herbert Rosendorfer
Literaturpreis der Stadt München
Literaturpreis_der_Stadt_München
Karl Heinrich von Lang (1764–1835), historian and publicist Karl Gotthold Lenz (1763–1809), classical philologist, ancient historian, numismatist and high
List_of_Illuminati_members
1930 film
Bumke, Ehegattin Hans Hermann Schaufuß as Bastini Corinne Williams as Frl. Lenz, Turnlehrerin Bock & Bergfelder p. 240 Bock, Hans-Michael; Bergfelder, Tim
The_Blonde_Nightingale
German physician and racial hygienist (1874–1967)
eugenics, and a member of the Nazi Party. He served as director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics, and also served
Eugen_Fischer
Efforts to avoid miscegenation, analogous to an animal breeder seeking purebred animals
was drafted by some of Germany's top racial hygienists, including: Fritz Lenz, Alfred Ploetz, Ernst Rudin, Heinrich Himmler, Gerhard Wagner and Fritz Thyssen
Racial_hygiene
German sexology research institute (1919–33)
as a means of preventing suicide among transsexual patients. Ludwig Levy-Lenz, and surgeon Erwin Gohrbandt performed male-to-female surgery called
Institut für Sexualwissenschaft
Institut_für_Sexualwissenschaft
German chemist (1868–1934)
A Reunion of Ghosts by Judith Claire Mitchell. The characters are named Lenz and Iris Alter. Haber's life and relationship to Albert Einstein was portrayed
Fritz_Haber
German Nazi biologist, eugenicist
February 1997) was a German biologist, teacher and researcher at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics during the Third
Karin_Magnussen
Species of spider
(1863-1928). The species was originally described by Friedrich Wilhelm Bösenberg and Heinrich Lenz in 1895 as Gasteracantha stuhlmanni from the Democratic Republic
Isoxya_stuhlmanni
WILHELM LENZ
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