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Eyewitness memory bias
Weapon focus is the concentration on a weapon by a witness of a crime and the subsequent inability to accurately remember other details of the crime.
Weapon_focus
Implement or device used to inflict damage, harm, or kill
A weapon, arm, or armament is any implement or device that is used to deter, threaten, inflict physical damage, harm, or kill. Weapons are used to increase
Weapon
Weapon that can kill many people or cause great damage
A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a biological, chemical, radiological, nuclear, or any other weapon that can kill or significantly harm many people
Weapon_of_mass_destruction
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either nuclear fission (fission or atomic bomb) or a
Nuclear_weapon
Account a witness gives in the courtroom of what they observed
present. The Weapon Focus Effect is one such factor. When a weapon is present during a crime, victims tend to be more focused on the weapon rather than
Eyewitness_testimony
Weapon that uses soundwaves against opponents
ultrasonic weapons (USW) are directed-energy weapons of various types that use sound to injure or incapacitate an opponent. Some sonic weapons make a focused beam
Sonic_weapon
Multi-stage fusion-fission nuclear weapon
thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb (H-bomb) is a second-generation nuclear weapon, using nuclear fusion. The most destructive weapons ever created
Thermonuclear_weapon
Theory of memory recall
fact, in the case of the phenomena known as weapon focus, eyewitnesses to stressful crimes involving weapons may perform worse during suspect identification
Reconstructive_memory
Imperfect recall of a crime or other dramatic event
The weapon focus effect suggests that the presence of a weapon narrows a person's attention, thus affects eyewitness memory. A person focuses on the
Eyewitness_memory
Psychological phenomenon
these humans are already aroused. This should not be confused with the weapon focus, another social psychology finding. This effect was first described by
Weapons_effect
Type of weapon that fires a concentrated beam of energy at its target
A directed-energy weapon (DEW) is a ranged weapon that damages its target with highly focused energy without a solid projectile, including lasers, microwaves
Directed-energy_weapon
1989 American film directed by Richard Donner
Lethal Weapon 2 is a 1989 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Richard Donner, and starring Mel Gibson, Danny Glover, Joe Pesci, Joss Ackland
Lethal_Weapon_2
1992 American film directed by Richard Donner
Lethal Weapon 3 is a 1992 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Richard Donner and written by Jeffrey Boam and Robert Mark Kamen. The sequel
Lethal_Weapon_3
Psychological focus, perception and prioritising discrete information
sustained attention (maintaining focus), divided attention (sharing resources across tasks), and orienting (shifting focus in space or time). These processes
Attention
American action-comedy media franchise
Lethal Weapon is an American buddy cop action-comedy media franchise created by Shane Black and owned by Warner Bros. Pictures. It focuses on two Los
Lethal_Weapon_(franchise)
Topics referred to by the same term
damages its target with highly focused energy without a solid projectile Electroshock weapon, an incapacitating weapon that delivers an electric shock
Electromagnetic_weapon
1998 American film directed by Richard Donner
Lethal Weapon 4 is a 1998 American buddy cop action film directed and produced by Richard Donner, and starring Mel Gibson, Danny Glover, Joe Pesci, Rene
Lethal_Weapon_4
Error caused by a memory fault
Some fact about “weapon focus”. Law and Human Behavior, 11(1), 55–62. Mitchell, K.J., Livosky, M., Mather, M. (1998). The weapon focus effect revisited:
Memory_error
Fictional comic book government facility
Weapon X is a fictional government genetic research facility project appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They were conducted
Weapon_X
Airstrike by Israel at the start of the Six-Day War in 1967
Operation Focus (Hebrew: מבצע מוקד, Mivtza Moked) was the opening airstrike by Israel at the start of the Six-Day War in 1967. It is sometimes referred
Operation_Focus
Critical factors contributing to the emotional enhancement effect on human memory
peripheral details. Also consistent with this hypothesis are findings of weapon focus effect, in which witnesses to a crime remember the gun or knife in great
Emotion_and_memory
Hypothetical type of weapon
molecular structure. A particle-beam weapon is a type of space-based directed-energy weapon, which directs focused energy toward a target using atomic
Particle-beam_weapon
equipment in the Second World War. This focuses primary on weapons issued to the French Army and Free French forces. Weapons used by the French Resistance vary
List of World War II weapons of France
List_of_World_War_II_weapons_of_France
Directed-energy weapon using lasers
A laser weapon is a type of directed-energy weapon (DEW) that uses lasers to inflict damage. Laser weapons are of two types: low-power laser dazzlers that
Laser_weapon
Weapon designed like a flashlight
diode (LED) incapacitator is a weapon designed like a flashlight. It emits an extremely bright, rapid, and well-focused series of "differently-colored
LED_incapacitator
2025 video game
proficient at mining. Weapons focus are on thrown and beam. Engineer: Focus is on drones and constructs/turrets, explosive weapons, or fast XP growth Scout:
Deep_Rock_Galactic:_Survivor
Weapons used in space warfare
Space weapons are weapons used in space warfare. They include weapons that can attack space systems in orbit (for example, anti-satellite weapons), attack
Space_weapon
Autonomous military technology system
In general terms, lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS), also known as autonomous weapons systems (AWS), are types of military drones or military robots
Lethal_autonomous_weapon
Type of vivid, enduring autobiographical memory
Accuracy in these situations is compromised by a phenomenon known as the weapon focus effect. Further complicating matters is the time frame in which people
Flashbulb_memory
Device that uses chemicals to kill or harm individuals
A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans. According to the Organisation for the
Chemical_weapon
Character class in Dungeons & Dragons
of the Greater Weapon Focus and Greater Weapon Specialization feats (which both increase their attack power with the selected weapons) becoming exclusively
Fighter_(Dungeons_&_Dragons)
Polearm or impact weapon
the weapon from sliding on armor plate and to focus the impact onto a smaller area.[citation needed] According to Austrian army officer and weapons expert
War_hammer
Non-lethal temporary blindness weapon
A dazzler is a non-lethal weapon which uses intense directed radiation to temporarily disorient its target with flash blindness. Primarily intended to
Dazzler_(weapon)
Effect of later events on a previous memory
Hindsight bias Illusory truth effect Memory conformity Storage (memory) Weapon focus Wayne Weiten (2010). Psychology: Themes and Variations: Themes and Variations
Misinformation_effect
US military combat system training
Navy personnel attached to Marine units) in unarmed combat, edged weapons, weapons of opportunity, and rifle and bayonet techniques. It also stresses
Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
Marine_Corps_Martial_Arts_Program
Theory that stimulus which differs the most from a group is remembered the most
Loftus, E. F., Loftus, G. R., & Messo, J. (1987). Some facts about "weapon focus." Law and Human Behavior, 11(1), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01044839
Von_Restorff_effect
Proposed weaponry
A magnetic weapon is one that uses magnetic fields to accelerate or stop projectiles, or to focus charged particle beams. There are many hypothesized magnetic
Magnetic_weapon
Nuclear weapon designed for use on a battlefield
A tactical nuclear weapon (TNW) or non-strategic nuclear weapon (NSNW) is a nuclear weapon that is designed to be used on a battlefield in military situations
Tactical_nuclear_weapon
Video game series
is known for being one of the earliest in the genre with a primary focus on weapon-based combat. The stories in the series take place in 18th-century
Samurai_Shodown
Chinese mace or club weapon
ideal to focus on damaging other weapons with brutal impact. Some variants end with a sharp tip. It was occasionally used as a throwing weapon, which gave
Jian_(sword_breaker)
South Africa pursued research into weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons under the apartheid government. South
South Africa and weapons of mass destruction
South_Africa_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
Inattentive or forgetful behavior
object of focus (hyperfocus) that makes a person oblivious to events around them; or unwarranted distraction of attention from the object of focus by irrelevant
Absent-mindedness
has not fielded tactical nuclear weapons. Prior to the 21st century, China held to a minimal deterrence policy focused on countervalue targets. Officially
Nuclear_weapons_of_China
Nuclear weapons design means the physical, chemical, and engineering arrangements that cause the physics package of a nuclear weapon to detonate. There
Nuclear_weapon_design
Action video game genre
video games where the focus is on the defeat of the character's enemies using ranged weapons given to the player. Usually these weapons are firearms or some
Shooter_game
Military Institute of Physics (MFI) founded in 1941. Here the focus was on conventional weapons. In 1945, MFI merged with two other organizations to form
Swedish nuclear weapons program
Swedish_nuclear_weapons_program
Identification by a person who witnessed an event
of the Weapon Focus Effect, 16 L. & Hum. Behav. 413 (1992), available here (pdf). Elizabeth F. Loftus et al., Some Facts About "Weapon Focus," 11 L.
Eyewitness_identification
Universe (MCU) media franchise features many elements, including locations, weapons, and artifacts. Many are based on elements that originally appeared in
Features of the Marvel Cinematic Universe
Features_of_the_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe
Efforts to stop weapon proliferation
which focuses on diplomatic, legal, and administrative measures to dissuade and impede the acquisition of such weapons, counterproliferation focuses on intelligence
Counterproliferation
Occupation in filmmaking
lens's optical focus on whatever subject or action is being filmed. "Pulling focus" refers to the act of changing the camera lens's focus distance to a
Focus_puller
Close-in weapon system
The Phalanx CIWS (SEE-wiz) is an automated gun-based "Close-In Weapon System" to defend military watercraft automatically against incoming threats such
Phalanx_CIWS
Politically motivated accusations of antisemitism
Israel or opposition to Zionism, is sometimes called weaponization of antisemitism. Cases of weaponizing antisemitism have arisen in various contexts, especially
Weaponization_of_antisemitism
English cognitive psychologist (1935–2018)
three subjects in her last two years at secondary school, and Treisman focused on the language arts (French, Latin and History). Treisman received her
Anne_Treisman
to various named weapons wielded by specific characters. The oldest references sometimes offer nothing except a name for the weapon, but some of them
Weapons_of_Norse_mythology
develop nuclear weapons. As of 2026[update], India is estimated to possess 190 nuclear weapons. India previously developed chemical weapons, and is a party
India and weapons of mass destruction
India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
Failed attempt by the Empire of Japan to develop nuclear technology
fission for military technology, including nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. Like the similar wartime programs in Nazi Germany, they were comparatively
Japanese nuclear weapons programs
Japanese_nuclear_weapons_programs
Person who can attest to the reality of a fact
photographs were included were mistakenly identified. Weapon focus effects in which the presence of a weapon impairs memory for surrounding details is also an
Witness
Weapon primarily for hunting game animals
Hunting weapons are weapons designed or used primarily for hunting game animals for food or sport, as distinct from defensive weapons or weapons used primarily
Hunting_weapon
English nonfiction book
The Perfect Weapon: War, Sabotage, and Fear in the Cyber Age is a 2018 book by David E. Sanger. It discusses the evolution and concerns of cyber warfare
The Perfect Weapon: War, Sabotage, and Fear in the Cyber Age
The_Perfect_Weapon:_War,_Sabotage,_and_Fear_in_the_Cyber_Age
German serial killer
Spilcker, Sandra Zistl (27 October 2017). "Crime: The blunt miracle weapon". Focus 35/2007. Retrieved 23 July 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names:
Egidius_Schiffer
Topics referred to by the same term
Plasma gun may refer to: Plasma weapon, a type of directed-energy weapon that fires a beam, bolt, or stream of plasma Plasma torch, a device for generating
Plasma_gun
American personal defense weapon
Advanced Armament Corporation (AAC). The weapon is named after the honey badger mammal. In 2013, AAC began focusing its efforts on the production of suppressors
AAC_Honey_Badger
Vietnam People's Ground Force relied almost entirely on Soviet-derived weapons and equipment systems. With the end of the Cold War in 1992 Soviet military
List of equipment of the Vietnam People's Ground Forces
List_of_equipment_of_the_Vietnam_People's_Ground_Forces
American theoretical physicist (1904–1967)
neutron stars and black holes. In 1941, Oppenheimer was briefed about nuclear weapon design by Australian physicist Mark Oliphant. In 1942, Oppenheimer was recruited
J._Robert_Oppenheimer
Weapon less likely to kill a target
Non-lethal weapons, also called nonlethal weapons, less-lethal weapons, less-than-lethal weapons, non-deadly weapons, compliance weapons, or pain-inducing
Non-lethal_weapon
Comic book series
Wolverine: Weapon X is a 2009 comic book series published by Marvel Comics starring the superhero Wolverine. The series was written by Jason Aaron, writing
Wolverine:_Weapon_X
Fission-based nuclear weapon
Gun-type fission weapons are fission-based nuclear weapons whose design assembles their fissile material into a supercritical mass by the use of the "gun"
Gun-type_fission_weapon
Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay on 6 August 1945, making it the first nuclear weapon used in warfare, and the second nuclear explosion in history, after the
Little_Boy
American assault rifle
variant of the SIG MCX Spear, as the winner of the Next Generation Squad Weapon Program to replace the M16/M4. Following the military adoption of the Armalite
M4_carbine
Use of strategically designed biological weapons
incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war. Biological weapons (often termed "bio-weapons", "biological threat agents", or "bio-agents") are living
Biological_warfare
possess nuclear weapons. Pakistan is not party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Pakistan's arsenal is estimated at 170 nuclear weapons as of 2025.
Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction
Pakistan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
Lethal Weapon alongside Danny Glover—a role he later reprised in its sequels Lethal Weapon 2 (1989), Lethal Weapon 3 (1992), and Lethal Weapon 4 (1998)
Mel_Gibson_filmography
Type of armed combat sport
were written for the context of a knightly duel with a primary focus on archaic weapons such as the arming sword, longsword, or poleaxe, these older treatises
Fencing
US defense project
precision-guided conventional weapon strike anywhere in the world within one hour, in a similar manner to a nuclear ICBM. Such a weapon would allow the United
Conventional_Prompt_Strike
Legally binding international agreement to prohibit nuclear weapons
The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), or the Nuclear Weapon Ban Treaty, is the first legally binding international agreement to
Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons
Major innovations in the history of weapons have included the adoption of different materials – from stone and wood to different metals, and modern synthetic
History_of_weapons
American armored train used to transport nuclear weapons during the Cold War
and carried an array of defensive armament, became the focus for peace and anti-nuclear weapon activism in the west. While the train's color was changed
White_Train
International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN). The IPPNWC focuses its activities on the abolition of nuclear weapons, the prevention of war, and the
Physicians for Global Survival
Physicians_for_Global_Survival
Greek mythological weapon
The harpē (Ancient Greek: ἅρπη) is a weapon that appears in Greek mythology. It is the standard weapon used for the amputation of Greek mythological monsters
Harpe
nuclear weapons. The UK is one of nine nuclear-armed states, and one of five recognized by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. As of
Nuclear weapons of the United Kingdom
Nuclear_weapons_of_the_United_Kingdom
American psychologist (born 1945)
He specializes in memory and attention, and his most recent research focuses on face perception and hindsight bias. Loftus received a B.A. in experimental
Geoffrey_Loftus
Ionized gas-generating "pinch" machine
and material modification, among others. For nuclear weapons applications, dense plasma focus devices can be used as an external neutron source. Other
Dense_plasma_focus
Propaganda term for WWII German weapons programmes
[ˈvʊndɐˌvafə]) is a German word that literally translates to "wonder-weapon" or "miracle weapon" and was a term assigned during World War II by Nazi Germany's
Wunderwaffe
Man-portable multi-role weapon system
penetrators were obsolete for shoulder-fired antitank weapons, thus caliber was gradually increased to focus on multirole shell-type ammunition and the recent
Carl Gustaf 8.4 cm recoilless rifle
Carl_Gustaf_8.4_cm_recoilless_rifle
Type of wave interaction causing shock waves
approximately 1,000 km away. Atmospheric focusing can increase the damage caused by these explosions. Knudsen number Nuclear weapons testing Rankine–Hugoniot conditions
Atmospheric_focusing
Type of military unit
crew-served weapon. Heavy weapons platoons are grouped into a weapons company or maneuver support company, which focuses on moving and using heavy weapons to support
Heavy_weapons_platoon
The United States holds the second largest arsenal of nuclear weapons among the nine nuclear-armed countries. Under the Manhattan Project, the United
Nuclear weapons of the United States
Nuclear_weapons_of_the_United_States
1943–1973 military research program
at Fort Terry on Plum Island, New York. Fort Terry's focus was on anti-animal biological weapon research and development; the facility researched more
United States biological weapons program
United_States_biological_weapons_program
2013 studio album by Skinny Puppy
Weapon is the twelfth and final studio album by Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy. It was released on May 28, 2013, through Metropolis Records
Weapon_(album)
of delivery options by air, land, and sea. Its first deliverable nuclear weapon is estimated to have been completed in late 1966 or early 1967, which would
Israel_and_nuclear_weapons
Specific size of autocannon ammunition
close-in weapons systems (CIWS), such as the Russian AK-630 and Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation use their 30 mm weapons in
30_mm_caliber
weapons were stored secretly at bases throughout Japan following World War II. Secret agreements between the two governments allowed nuclear weapons to
United States nuclear weapons in Japan
United_States_nuclear_weapons_in_Japan
Origin point beneath an air explosion
of an earthquake is its point of origin below ground; a synonym is the focus of an earthquake. Generally, the terms ground zero and surface zero are
Hypocenter
Video game museum in Greece
exhibition sections. The museum's first temporary exhibition, Choose Your Weapon, focused on the history and evolution of video game controllers. In February
Video_Games_Museum
United States federal law
Recreational Firearms Use Protection Act, popularly known as the Federal Assault Weapons Ban (AWB or FAWB), was subtitle A of title XI of the Violent Crime Control
Federal_Assault_Weapons_Ban
Controlled detonation of nuclear weapons for scientific or political purposes
Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the performance of nuclear weapons and the effects of their explosion. Over 2,000 nuclear
Nuclear_weapons_testing
World War II Allied nuclear weapons program
the Los Alamos laboratory to focus on implosion. Two new groups were created at Los Alamos to develop the implosion weapon, X (for explosives) Division
Manhattan_Project
Soviet pathogen weaponization from 1920s to 1990s
covertly operated the world's largest and most sophisticated known biological weapons program. The Soviet program began in the 1920s and lasted until at least
Soviet biological weapons program
Soviet_biological_weapons_program
Marvel Comics character
by the Avengers during the Siege storyline, Mimic and Weapon Omega leave H.A.M.M.E.R. When Weapon Omega's powers start acting up, Mimic goes to Beast for
Michael_Pointer_(character)
American high-power microwave (HPM) weapon
The Leonidas is a high-power microwave (HPM) weapon developed to disable unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms. It was named after Leonidas I, king of Sparta
Epirus_Leonidas
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