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Voltage-sensitive dyes, also known as potentiometric dyes, are dyes that change their spectral properties in response to voltage changes. They are able
Voltage-sensitive_dye
Medical field involved in regenerating tissues
PMC 6920204. PMID 31837520. Chemla S, Chavane F (January 2010). "Voltage-sensitive dye imaging: Technique review and models". Journal of Physiology, Paris
Regenerative_medicine
Protein
areas. Unlike earlier voltage detecting methods like electrode-based electrophysiological recordings or voltage sensitive dyes, GEVIs can be expressed
Genetically encoded voltage indicator
Genetically_encoded_voltage_indicator
Chemical compound
ANNINE-6plus is a water soluble voltage sensitive dye (also called potentiometric dyes). This compound was developed at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry
ANNINE-6plus
Electrical properties of biological cells
response to their electrical or chemical environment. Examples are voltage sensitive dyes and fluorescing proteins. After introducing one or more such compounds
Electrophysiology
Neuron communication by electric impulses
with neurochips containing EOSFETs, or optically with dyes that are sensitive to Ca2+ or to voltage. While glass micropipette electrodes measure the sum
Action_potential
Study of biological and neural mechanisma in behaviour
associated with action potentials or neurotransmitter release. Voltage sensitive dyes (VSDs) were among the earliest method for optically detecting neuronal
Behavioral_neuroscience
Soluble chemical substance or natural material which can impart color to other materials
dyes are known. With the exception of turquoise and a brilliant green, almost all colors can be achieved using azo dyes. The azo group is sensitive to
Dye
Electronic component
excessive transient voltages. When used as protection devices, they shunt the current created by the excessive voltage away from sensitive components when
Varistor
Sustained depolarized membrane states produced by regenerative ionic currents
reveal the voltage trajectory during plateau potentials, while voltage-clamp recordings can isolate specific ionic currents. Voltage-sensitive dye imaging
Plateau_potentials
System designed to maintain a constant voltage
A voltage regulator is a system designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage. It may use a simple feed-forward design or may include negative
Voltage_regulator
Electronic component
transient-voltage-suppression (TVS) diode, also transil, transorb or thyrector, is an electronic component used to protect electronics from voltage spikes
Transient-voltage-suppression diode
Transient-voltage-suppression_diode
Electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit
measure multiple electrical properties. A typical multimeter can measure voltage, resistance, and current, in which case can be used as a voltmeter, ohmmeter
Multimeter
Two-terminal electronic component
to prevent external voltages from damaging their sensitive transistors. Specialized diodes are used to protect from over-voltages at higher power (see
Diode
Electric current produced in living cells
for specific patterning events; Voltage-sensitive fluorescent reporter dyes and genetically encoded fluorescent voltage indicators for the characterization
Developmental_bioelectricity
Calcium-activated photoprotein
lipophilic dyes such as DiI. It lacks phenomena of intracellular compartmentalization or sequestration as is often seen for Voltage-sensitive dyes, and does
Aequorin
Ultrasound technique
directly measured by imaging electrical activity of neurons using voltage-sensitive dyes, calcium imaging, electroencephalography, or magnetoencephalography
Functional_ultrasound_imaging
Spectral line splitting in electrical field
Stark effect is at the basis of the spectral shift measured for voltage-sensitive dyes used for imaging of the firing activity of neurons. The Stark effect
Stark_effect
Scientific study of the nervous system
stimulation with electrodes or optically with ion- or voltage-sensitive dyes or light-sensitive channels. Neuropsychology Neuropsychology is a discipline
Neuroscience
Metal treatment process
to dye and may be applied as a pretreatment before painting. The method of film formation is different from using sulfuric acid in that the voltage is
Anodizing
Semiconductor diode
by the junction of a semiconductor with a metal. It has a low forward voltage drop and a very fast switching action. The cat's-whisker detectors used
Schottky_diode
Regions of neurons in the brain
Neurophysiology, 20(4), 408-435. Blasdel G. G., & Salama G. (1986). Voltage-sensitive dyes reveal a modular organization in monkey striate cortex. [Article]
Orientation_column
Electronic oscillator circuit
frequency are the power supply voltage, load impedance, magnetic fields, electric fields (in case of cuts that are sensitive to them, e.g., SC cuts), the
Crystal_oscillator
Chemical compound
Kristin; Krishnan, Yamuna; Walter, Michael G. (2019). "Photostable Voltage-Sensitive Dyes Based on Simple, Solvatofluorochromic, Asymmetric Thiazolothiazoles"
Dithiooxamide
Computational neuroscience model
Grigori; Muller, Eilif B.; Markram, Henry (2021-06-15). "In silico voltage-sensitive dye imaging reveals the emergent dynamics of cortical populations".
Synthetic_nervous_system
Solid-state semiconductor device
circuit. TRIACs can be sensitive to fast voltage changes (dv/dt) between MT1 and MT2, so a phase shift between current and voltage caused by reactive loads
TRIAC
Electrical device that converts AC to DC
process is temperature-sensitive, and for best efficiency should not operate above 86 °F (30 °C). There is also a breakdown voltage where the coating is
Rectifier
Electronic component
mica, air, and oxide layers. When an electric potential difference (a voltage) is applied across the terminals of a capacitor, for example when a capacitor
Capacitor
Type of thin-film solar cell
A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC, DSC, DYSC or Grätzel cell) is a low-cost solar cell belonging to the group of thin film solar cells. It is based on
Dye-sensitized_solar_cell
Type of transistor
found in noise-sensitive electronics such as tuners and low-noise amplifiers for VHF and satellite receivers. It exhibits no offset voltage at zero drain
Field-effect_transistor
Semiconductor light source
source to prevent damage. LEDs are sensitive to voltage. They must be supplied with a voltage above their threshold voltage and a current below their rating
Light-emitting_diode
Discipline in biomedical engineering
neuroimaging technologies include calcium imaging and voltage sensitive dyes, including genetically encoded voltage indicators. Scientists can use experimental
Neural_engineering
dye that is sensitive to pH, or with nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. For measuring pH inside of organelles, a technique utilizing pH-sensitive
Intracellular_pH
Type of magnetometer
A SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) is a very sensitive magnetometer used to measure extremely weak magnetic fields, based on superconducting
SQUID
Israeli neuroscientist and neurophysiologist
Scholar.) Slovin H, Arieli A, Hildesheim R, Grinvald A. Long-term voltage-sensitive dye imaging reveals cortical dynamics in behaving monkeys. Journal of
Hamutal_Slovin
Type of dendrite found at the apex of cortical pyramidal cell pathways
many locations in the dendritic tree has been accomplished using voltage-sensitive dyes with optical monitoring. Signals are rapid but also small, and measurements
Apical_dendrite
High resolution melt technique for detection of mutations, polymorphisms in Dna
successfully used to detect a single G to A substitution in the gene Vssc (Voltage Sensitive Sodium Channel) which confers resistance to the acaricide permethrin
High-resolution melting analysis
High-resolution_melting_analysis
Converts light into current
a light-sensitive field-effect transistor. Unlike photobipolar transistors, photoFETs control drain-source current by creating a gate voltage. A solaristor
Photodiode
Solid-state electrically operated switch also used as an amplifier
with at least three terminals for connection to an electronic circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals controls the
Transistor
Synthetic pigment
Diesbach used potash tainted with blood to create some red cochineal dye. The original dye required potash, ferric sulfate, and dried cochineal. Instead, the
Prussian_blue
Passive electronic component providing electrical resistance
resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses
Resistor
Type of field-effect transistor
is sensitive to hydrogen ions and a gap to allow the substance under test to come in contact with the sensitive barrier. An ISFET's threshold voltage depends
ISFET
Discrete device in an electronic system
resistor (variable voltage divider) Trim pot – small potentiometer, usually for internal adjustments Thermistor – thermally sensitive resistor whose prime
Electronic_component
Device that controls current between electrodes
the ratio between voltage plate and plate current. V-I curve (Voltage across filaments, plate current) Plate current, plate voltage characteristics DC
Vacuum_tube
Lipid membrane with a charge differential
characterize the currents that underlie the action potential. Ion sensitive fluorescent dyes provide both spatial and temporal imaging of electrochemical gradients
Polarized_membrane
Fast, high sensitivity, low noise electronic photon detector
of the high voltage on it. Photomultipliers with large distances between the photocathode and the first dynode are especially sensitive to magnetic fields
Photomultiplier_tube
Electrical safety device that provides overcurrent protection
are thousands of different fuse designs which have specific current and voltage ratings, breaking capacity, and response times, depending on the application
Fuse_(electrical)
Vacuum tube used to display images
different voltages. The main secondary winding supplies the voltage multiplier with voltage pulses to ultimately supply the CRT with the high anode voltage it
Cathode_ray_tube
Devices that measure magnetic field strength using the Hall effect
encoders) and induced voltage by moving the amount of metalcore inserted into a transformer. When Hall is compared to photo-sensitive methods, it is harder
Hall_effect_sensor
Highly sensitive semiconductor electronic device
structure optimised for operating with high reverse bias voltage, approaching the reverse breakdown voltage, such that charge carriers generated by the photovoltaic
Avalanche_photodiode
Capacitive light source in the form of a wire
high voltage, EL wire can produce high-frequency interference (corresponding to the frequency of the oscillator) that can be picked up by sensitive audio
Electroluminescent_wire
Solid-state photodetector
reverse bias voltage, gain, in a general conceptual sense can be used to distinguish devices that are heavily biased and therefore highly sensitive in comparison
Single-photon_avalanche_diode
Technique for separating proteins
the same solution without the dye. The proteins are detected as blue bands on a clear background. When more sensitive method than staining by Coomassie
Gel electrophoresis of proteins
Gel_electrophoresis_of_proteins
Type of solid-state switch
large (breakdown voltage). The thyristor continues conducting until the voltage across the device is reverse-biased or the voltage is removed (by some
Thyristor
Technique to separate DNA or RNA fragments
a voltage is applied across the gel for a specified amount of time. The DNA fragments of different lengths are visualized using a fluorescent dye specific
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids
Gel_electrophoresis_of_nucleic_acids
Electronic circuit element implementing a filter
integrator to provide accurate voltage gain and integration. One of the earliest of these circuits is the parasitic-sensitive integrator developed by the
Switched_capacitor
Type of voltage regulator
regulator is a voltage regulator used to maintain a steady voltage. The resistance of the regulator varies in accordance with both the input voltage and the
Linear_regulator
Multi-transistor electronics configuration
sensitive enough to respond to the current passed by skin contact even at safe zone voltages. Thus it can form a new input stage of a touch-sensitive
Darlington_transistor
Extremely sensitive solid-state photodetector
supply voltage (Vb) depends on the APD technology used and typically varies between 20 V and 100 V, thus being from 15 to 75 times lower than the voltage required
Silicon_photomultiplier
experimentally, Wikswo mastered the technique of optical mapping using voltage sensitive dyes, allowing the measurement of transmembrane potential using optical
John_Wikswo
Sensors of light or other electromagnetic energy
subsequent voltage generated in pyroelectric materials. Thermopiles detect electromagnetic radiation through heat, then generating a voltage in thermocouples
Photodetector
sensitizers (dye molecules) are attached to the titania surface. The dye-absorbed titania is finally enclosed by a liquid electrolyte. This type of dye-sensitized
Hybrid_solar_cell
end of the molecular beacon, a fluorescent dye is covalently attached; 4) 3' quencher (non fluorescent) dye that is covalently attached to the 3' end of
Molecular_beacon
Action potential generated in the dendrite of a neuron
various types of voltage-gated calcium channels result in two forms of voltage activation: low-voltage-activated (LVA) and high-voltage-activated (HVA)
Dendritic_spike
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device
flowing from the base to ground induces a voltage potential across the parasitic resistor, causing a positive voltage to appear across the base-emitter junction
GgNMOS
Light-sensitive gas-filled or vacuum tube
for a given level of illumination relative to anode voltage. Gas-filled devices are more sensitive, but the frequency response to modulated illumination
Phototube
Type of diode
diode designed to exploit the voltage-dependent capacitance of a reverse-biased p–n junction. Varactors are used as voltage-controlled capacitors. They
Varicap
Power semiconductor electronic device
can be turned on and off by a gate signal, and withstand higher rates of voltage rise (dv/dt), such that no snubber is required for most applications. The
Integrated gate-commutated thyristor
Integrated_gate-commutated_thyristor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Kirk M, Garcia AF, et al. (2002). "A novel membrane potential-sensitive fluorescent dye improves cell-based assays for ion channels". Journal of Biomolecular
KCNH8
Diode that emits light from an organic compound
the early 1950s. They applied high alternating voltages in air to materials such as acridine orange dye, either deposited on or dissolved in cellulose
OLED
Electrical isolation mechanism
for example, for controlling rotation speed and voltage. In the early 1960s, the introduction of sensitive and compact CdS/CdSe photoresistors resulted in
Resistive_opto-isolator
Technology for constructing integrated circuits
source and drain contacts when a low gate voltage is applied and high resistance when a high gate voltage is applied. On the other hand, the composition
CMOS
Analytical technique
determined by the distance traveled by a small molecule like a tracking dye. For nucleic acids, urea is the most commonly used denaturant. For proteins
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Polyacrylamide_gel_electrophoresis
Type of vacuum tube; early radio detector
in modern vacuum tubes. At high voltages, the valve could become unstable and oscillate, but this occurred at voltages far above those normally used. The
Fleming_valve
Maximum theoretical efficiency of a solar cell
quantum efficiency smaller than 1. The cell may be more sensitive to these lower-energy photons. Dyes, rare-earth phosphors and quantum dots are actively
Shockley–Queisser_limit
Autonomic nervous system control of sweat gland activity
An indicator dye is evenly applied to the ventral surface of the patient's skin excluding the eyes, ears, and perioral region. The dye changes color
Sudomotor
Light source based on gas discharge
pressure and two electrodes (an anode and a cathode). When sufficient voltage is applied and sufficient current is supplied between the electrodes, the
Neon_lamp
Electric light bulb with a resistively heated wire filament
are very sensitive to changes in the supply voltage. These characteristics are of great practical and economic importance. For a supply voltage V near the
Incandescent_light_bulb
Assembly of photovoltaic cells used to generate electricity
connected electrically in series, one to another to increase the desired voltage output, and then in parallel to increase current output to create the solar
Solar_panel
Device used to produce electricity from light
photoelectric cell, a device whose electrical characteristics (such as current, voltage, or resistance) vary when it is exposed to light. Individual solar cell
Solar_cell
Type of capacitor
voltage spikes or current surges. Solid electrolytes have an electron conductivity, which makes solid electrolytic capacitors sensitive to voltages spikes
Aluminum electrolytic capacitor
Aluminum_electrolytic_capacitor
Type of field-effect transistor
of current using a small voltage as a control signal. Both of these uses are made possible by the FET's unique current–voltage characteristics. HEMT transistors
High-electron-mobility transistor
High-electron-mobility_transistor
Form of diode
between them. When a voltage is applied to the device, the electrical gradient will be largest across the thin middle layer. If the voltage increases, the layer's
Gunn_diode
Type of resistor whose resistance varies with temperature
} The current and voltage across the thermistor depend on the particular circuit configuration. As a simple example, if the voltage across the thermistor
Thermistor
German physicist
adenylyl cyclases (PACs)". Dyes and Pigments. 135: 102–112. doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2016.05.037. Penzkofer, A. (2026). "Voltage sensitive probes for membrane potential
Alfons_Penzkofer
Part of a Geiger counter
accompanying plot for gaseous detectors showing ion current against applied voltage. While it is a robust and inexpensive detector, the G–M is unable to measure
Geiger–Müller_tube
Type of field-effect transistor
substance under test to come in contact with the sensitive receptor moieties. A ChemFET's threshold voltage depends on the concentration gradient between
Chemical field-effect transistor
Chemical_field-effect_transistor
Type of transistor
level. This can raise the threshold voltage and make the device less efficient. N-type polymers are also more sensitive to structural changes in the electrolyte
Organic electrochemical transistor
Organic_electrochemical_transistor
modulation include voltage gating and chemical modulation. Voltage-gating is a relatively fast modulation categorized into Vj gating and slow voltage gating, which
Gap_junction_modulation
Cell-cell junction composed of innexins or connexins
Epithelial sodium channel α β γ δ Proton-gated Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 1 2 3 4 Voltage-gated Navα 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 7A Navβ
Gap_junction
collision-less layers have voltage drops of about 10 – 20 V. Ions, which are produced within the cathode layer, accelerate in this voltage and impact the cathode
Plasma_activation
Analytical technique used in molecular biology
fluorophore-linked antibody. The light produced from the excitation of a fluorescent dye is static, making fluorescent detection a more precise and accurate measure
Western_blot
Power system designed to supply usable electric power from solar energy
grid frequency, limit feed in voltage to no higher than the grid voltage and disconnect from the grid if the grid voltage is turned off. Islanding inverters
Photovoltaic_system
Electronic device
super-sensitive electrometers, single-electron spectroscopy, DC current standards, temperature standards, detection of infrared radiation, voltage state
Single-electron_transistor
Type of second-generation solar cell
resistance to performance degradation with temperature. Dye-sensitized solar cells are particularly sensitive to operating temperature, as high temperatures may
Thin-film_solar_cell
Device used to identify the presence and the amount of specific molecules in a medium
fluorescence by measuring the red light as a voltage, and the instrument saves it to a data file. The voltage signal of the sensor gets converted to a concentration
Fluorometer
Method for separation and analysis of biomolecules using agarose gel
DNA being electrophoresed, the voltage used, the ionic strength of the buffer, and the concentration of intercalating dye such as ethidium bromide if used
Agarose_gel_electrophoresis
Image sensor, consisting of an integrated circuit
amplifiers which convert the photo-generated charge to a voltage, amplify the signal voltage, and reduce noise. The concept of an active-pixel device
Active-pixel_sensor
Biochemical identification method
biology and biotechnology, a fluorescent tag, also known as a fluorescent dye, fluorescent label or fluorescent probe, is a molecule that is attached chemically
Fluorescent_tag
necessary to include a dye molecule in order to study lipid bilayers with fluorescence microscopy. To some extent, the addition of the dye molecule always changes
Lipid bilayer characterization
Lipid_bilayer_characterization
VOLTAGE SENSITIVE-DYE
VOLTAGE SENSITIVE-DYE
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Sensitive
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Sensitive
Girl/Female
Indian
Sensitive
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh, Telugu
Soft Sensitive
Girl/Female
Gaelic, German, Irish
Dark; Diminutive; Sensitive
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Sensitive
Girl/Female
Hindu
A sensitive plant
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Sensitive; Sentimental
Surname or Lastname
English (Cambridgeshire)
English (Cambridgeshire) : unexplained; apparently from Norman French cotage, perhaps denoting the status of a cotter (see Cotter 2).
Boy/Male
Muslim
Sensitive
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Telugu
Tender; Sensitive
Girl/Female
Hindu
Sensitive
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Sensitive
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Sensitive
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sensitive
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Sensitive; Affectionate; Imaginative
Girl/Female
Tamil
Lajwanti | லாஜவநà¯à®¤à¯€
A sensitive plant
Lajwanti | லாஜவநà¯à®¤à¯€
Girl/Female
British, English
Thoughtful; Sensitive
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English notehache ‘nuthatch’ (a bird name, apparently from Old English hnutu ‘nut’ + haccian ‘to break, crack’).
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Sensitive
VOLTAGE SENSITIVE-DYE
VOLTAGE SENSITIVE-DYE
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sikh, Tamil
Flower
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, French, Muslim
Lion's Share; Pure; Best Friend; Untroubled; Serene
Girl/Female
Latin
Lucky.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Telugu
Be Friendly
Surname or Lastname
Swedish and Norwegian
Swedish and Norwegian : from ask ‘ash tree’, applied either as a habitational name from a place named with this word or as an ornamental name.English : habitational name from a place in North Yorkshire named Aske, from Old English as æsc ‘ash tree’, later replaced by the Old Norse cognate askr.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada
Lord Ganesh; Lord of All Obstacles
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Harvester; From Greek
Female
Hebrew
 Feminine form of Hebrew Nes, NESSA means "miracle." Compare with other forms of Nessa.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old Breton personal name, derived from an element meaning ‘high’, ‘mighty’, which was introduced into England by followers of William the Conqueror and subsequently into Ireland, where it still has some currency as a personal name.Scottish : habitational name from a place in Kincardineshire. The place name is of uncertain origin, possibly from an early Celtic name, Conona ‘hound stream’.Roger Conant led a secession from Plymouth colony in about 1627 and founded the settlement that became Salem, MA. He was probably the son of Christopher Connant, who came over from England aboard the Anne in 1623.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Apparajito | அபà¯à®ªà®°à®¾à®œà¯€à®¤à¯‹Â
Undefeated
VOLTAGE SENSITIVE-DYE
VOLTAGE SENSITIVE-DYE
VOLTAGE SENSITIVE-DYE
VOLTAGE SENSITIVE-DYE
VOLTAGE SENSITIVE-DYE
pl.
of Volta
a.
Of or pertaining to voltaism, or voltaic electricity; as, voltaic induction; the voltaic arc.
a.
Of or pertaining to sensation; depending on sensation; as, sensitive motions; sensitive muscular motions excited by irritation.
n.
The genitive case.
a.
Excessively sensitive; morbidly sensitive.
v. t.
To render sensitive, or susceptible of being easily acted on by the actinic rays of the sun; as, sensitized paper or plate.
a.
Readily affected or changed by certain appropriate agents; as, silver chloride or bromide, when in contact with certain organic substances, is extremely sensitive to actinic rays.
n.
The amount of a sailor's wages for a voyage.
n.
The produce of the vine for one season, in grapes or in wine; as, the vintage is abundant; the vintage of 1840.
a.
Having a capacity of being easily affected or moved; as, a sensitive thermometer; sensitive scales.
n.
An agent that sensitizes.
n.
See Pottage.
a.
Of or pertaining to Alessandro Volta, who first devised apparatus for developing electric currents by chemical action, and established this branch of electric science; discovered by Volta; as, voltaic electricity.
v. i.
To take a voyage; especially, to sail or pass by water.
a.
Not sensitive; wanting sensation, or wanting acute sensibility.
a.
Having sense of feeling; possessing or exhibiting the capacity of receiving impressions from external objects; as, a sensitive soul.
n.
Leaves, collectively, as produced or arranged by nature; leafage; as, a tree or forest of beautiful foliage.
a.
Having sense or sensibility; sensitive.
v. t.
To adorn with foliage or the imitation of foliage; to form into the representation of leaves.
n.
A genus of leguminous plants, containing many species, and including the sensitive plants (Mimosa sensitiva, and M. pudica).