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Process of silicon transistors developing flaws over time as they are used
Transistor aging (sometimes called silicon aging) is the process of silicon transistors developing flaws over time as they are used, degrading performance
Transistor_aging
Solid-state electrically operated switch also used as an amplifier
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electrical signals and power. It is one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics
Transistor
Type of transistor
The field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that uses an electric field to control the current through a semiconductor. It comes in two types:
Field-effect_transistor
Failure mechanism in MOSFETs
breakdown (or time-dependent dielectric breakdown, TDDB) is a kind of transistor aging, a failure mechanism in MOSFETs, when the gate oxide breaks down as
Time-dependent gate oxide breakdown
Time-dependent_gate_oxide_breakdown
Key reliability issue in MOSFETs
instability (NBTI) is a key reliability issue in MOSFETs, a type of transistor aging. NBTI manifests as an increase in the threshold voltage and consequent
Negative-bias temperature instability
Negative-bias_temperature_instability
Type of field-effect transistor
metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, MOS FET, or MOS transistor) is a type of field-effect transistor (FET), most commonly fabricated
MOSFET
Manufacturing process used to create integrated circuits
13, 2017). "Transistor Aging Intensifies At 10/7nm And Below". Semiconductor Engineering. Sperling, Ed (February 14, 2018). "Chip Aging Accelerates"
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor_device_fabrication
Number of transistors in a device
The transistor count is the number of transistors in an electronic device (typically on a single substrate or silicon die). It is the most common measure
Transistor_count
A transistor is a semiconductor device with at least three terminals for connection to an electric circuit. In the common case, the third terminal controls
History_of_the_transistor
Phenomenon in solid-state electronic devices
migration Lattice scattering Keane, John; Kim, Chris H (25 Apr 2011). "Transistor Aging". IEEE Spectrum. Retrieved 21 Jun 2020. Conwell, E. M., High Field
Hot-carrier_injection
Technology for constructing integrated circuits
/ˈsiːmɒs/ SEE-moss) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs
CMOS
Electronic circuit formed on a small, flat piece of semiconductor material
electronic circuits formed from various electronic components, such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors, and their interconnections. These components
Integrated_circuit
Type of non-planar transistor
A fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) is a multigate device, a MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) built on a substrate where the
Fin_field-effect_transistor
Early semiconductor company
Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, later known as Shockley Transistor Corporation, was a pioneering semiconductor developer founded by William Shockley
Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory
Shockley_Semiconductor_Laboratory
uncertainty caused by simultaneous failure mechanisms for example. Transistor aging Failure analysis Cleanroom Burn-in List of materials-testing resources
Reliability_(semiconductor)
Industrial shift to information technology
information technology. The onset of the Information Age has been linked to the development of the transistor in 1947. This technological advance has had a significant
Information_Age
Type of field-effect transistor
An ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) is a field-effect transistor used for measuring ion concentrations in solution; when the ion concentration
ISFET
Reliability test applied to integrated circuits
are evaluated and the device's aging estimated. These two measures are aligned so that they are similar to the aging of other elements of the IC. The
High-temperature operating life
High-temperature_operating_life
American physicist (1910–1989)
and their discovery of the transistor effect." Partly as a result of Shockley's attempts to commercialize a new transistor design in the 1950s and 1960s
William_Shockley
Observation on the growth of integrated circuit capacity
Moore's law is the observation that the number of transistors in an integrated circuit (IC) doubles about every two years, with minimal increase in cost
Moore's_law
Type of field-effect transistor
The junction field-effect transistor (JFET) is one of the simplest types of field-effect transistor. JFETs are three-terminal semiconductor devices that
JFET
Electronic device/component that increases the strength of a signal
until the transistor provided smaller and higher quality amplifiers in the 1950s. The first working transistor was a point-contact transistor invented
Amplifier
Chemical element with atomic number 14 (Si)
used as a semiconductor material in various electrical devices such as transistors, solar cells, and integrated circuits. It dominates semiconductor applications
Silicon
Branch of physics and electrical engineering
physics and electrical engineering which uses active devices such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits to control and amplify the flow of electric
Electronics
Electronic component that exploits the electronic properties of semiconductor materials
Three-terminal devices: Bipolar transistor Darlington transistor Field-effect transistor Insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) Silicon-controlled rectifier
Semiconductor_device
Electronic oscillator circuit
the oscillator circuits. Long-term stability is limited by aging of the crystal. Due to aging and environmental factors (such as temperature and vibration)
Crystal_oscillator
American semiconductor designer and manufacturer
world's first commercial silicon transistor in 1954, and the same year designed and manufactured the first transistor radio. Jack Kilby invented the integrated
Texas_Instruments
American test and measurement devices company
oscilloscope into the transistor age (only a Nuvistor ceramic tube was used for the vertical amp input). A year and a half later, the all-transistor model 321A came
Tektronix
Electronic circuits that utilize digital signals
invented the point-contact transistor at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by William Shockley inventing the bipolar junction transistor at Bell Labs in 1948. At
Digital_electronics
Concept of extending human lifespan
During the process of aging, an organism accumulates damage to its macromolecules, cells, tissues, and organs. Specifically, aging is characterized as and
Life_extension
Electronics with semiconductor components
electronics: electronic equipment that use semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits (ICs). The term is also used as an adjective
Solid-state_electronics
Design and fabrication of semiconductors
semiconductor devices, such as transistors and integrated circuits. Its roots can be traced to the invention of the transistor by Shockley, Brattain, and
Semiconductor_industry
Vacuum tube used to display images
resistor of electron gun structure" US 4832646A, "Aging process for cathode ray tubes" JP 2000082402A, "Aging device for cathode-ray tube" "AN-861 Guide to
Cathode_ray_tube
American physicist (1902–1987)
Bardeen and William Shockley for their invention of the point-contact transistor. Brattain devoted much of his life to research on surface states. Walter
Walter_Brattain
engineer Werner Jacobi developed and patented the first known integrated transistor amplifier in 1949 and the British radio engineer Geoffrey Dummer proposed
Invention of the integrated circuit
Invention_of_the_integrated_circuit
Central computer component that executes instructions
in large quantities. This standardization began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and minicomputers, and has rapidly accelerated with the popularization
Central_processing_unit
System designed to maintain a constant voltage
require replacement. Modern designs now use solid state technology (transistors) to perform the same function that the relays perform in electromechanical
Voltage_regulator
Research and scientific development company
researchers have been credited with the development of radio astronomy, the transistor, the laser, the photovoltaic cell, the charge-coupled device (CCD), information
Bell_Labs
American physicist (1908–1991)
with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for their invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for their
John_Bardeen
Intelligence of machines
general-purpose programming languages like Python have become predominant. The transistor density in integrated circuits has been observed to roughly double every
Artificial_intelligence
Converts light into current
is a light-sensitive transistor. A common type of phototransistor, the bipolar phototransistor, is in essence a bipolar transistor encased in a transparent
Photodiode
American songwriter and composer (born 1983)
actor. Korb is best known for writing the music featured in Bastion, Transistor, Pyre, Hades, and Hades II, all of which were developed by indie developer
Darren_Korb
Type of solid-state switch
a combination of Greek language θύρα, meaning "door" or "valve", and transistor) is a solid-state semiconductor device which can be thought of as being
Thyristor
Programmable machine that processes data
electromechanicals (1930s), thermionic valves (1930s), semiconductor transistors (1940s), MOSFET (MOS transistors 1950s), and finally monolithic integrated circuits (1950s+)
Computer
American integrated circuit manufacturer
Semiconductor Laboratory. It became a pioneer in the manufacturing of transistors and of integrated circuits. Schlumberger bought the firm in 1979 and
Fairchild_Semiconductor
Semiconductor light source
characteristics of incandescent lamps is difficult because manufacturing variations, age, and temperature change the actual color value output. To emulate the appearance
Light-emitting_diode
Egyptian engineer (1924–2009)
Dawon Kahng, the MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor, or MOS transistor) in 1959. The invention, together with Atalla's earlier work
Mohamed_M._Atalla
Device that controls current between electrodes
Beginning in the mid-1960s, thermionic tubes were being replaced by the transistor. However, the cathode-ray tube (CRT), functionally an electron tube/valve
Vacuum_tube
electronics engineer and engineering executive. His drive to create a transistor product for the electronics experimenter-hobbyist market contributed to
Norman_Krim
American inventor (1907–2003)
extremely pure germanium single crystals used in making greatly improved transistors. He, together with Morgan Sparks, invented a modification of the process
Gordon_Kidd_Teal
MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) is a type of insulated-gate field-effect transistor (IGFET) that is fabricated by the controlled
List_of_MOSFET_applications
Vacuum tube used for amplifying radio waves
Sisodia, M. L. (2006). Microwave Active Devices : Vacuum And Solid State. New Age International. pp. 3.47 – 3.49. ISBN 8122414478. http://www.bext
Inductive_output_tube
Swiss-born American engineer (1924–1997)
January 12, 1997) was a Swiss-born American engineer. He was a silicon transistor pioneer, and a member of the "traitorous eight". He developed the planar
Jean_Hoerni
1998 box set by XTC
Transistor Blast: The Best of the BBC Sessions is a 4-disc boxed set by the English rock band XTC, released by Cooking Vinyl in November 1998, just three
Transistor Blast: The Best of the BBC Sessions
Transistor_Blast:_The_Best_of_the_BBC_Sessions
Chemical semiconductor compound
Because GaN transistors can operate at much higher temperatures and work at much higher voltages than gallium arsenide (GaAs) transistors, they make ideal
Gallium_nitride
American physical chemist and executive (1928–2023)
of transistor development and semiconductor manufacturing. Although it was not made public at the time, he developed the first silicon transistor, demonstrating
Morris_Tanenbaum
Satellite communications Semaphore Phryctoria Semiconductor device MOSFET transistor Smoke signals Telecommunications history Telautograph Telegraphy Teleprinter
List of North American Numbering Plan area codes
List_of_North_American_Numbering_Plan_area_codes
Electronic component
aging factors, while the operating voltage usually has a smaller effect, i.e., usual capacitor design is to minimize voltage coefficient. The aging process
Capacitor
American artist and game developer
which has been widely praised across her projects, including Bastion, Transistor, Pyre, and Hades. She continued her role as art director for Hades II
Jen_Zee
Device for generating microwaves
Accessed 2009-08-23. White, Steve. "Electric Valves: Diodes, Triodes, and Transistors". zipcon.net. Archived from the original on 25 August 2017. Retrieved
Cavity_magnetron
probably snowing in New York. Meanwhile, Haney tries to sell Oliver a transistor radio necktie. Haney informs Oliver that chopping trees down is prohibited
List_of_Green_Acres_episodes
Semiconductor–semiconductor junction
of p-type and n-type semiconductors; for example, the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a semiconductor in the form n–p–n or p–n–p. Combinations of such
P–n_junction
Device for producing coherent EM waves in the sub-visible spectrum
Laser Fulfills 60 Years of Promise Liu, Ren-Bao (March 2018). "A diamond age of masers". Nature. 555 (7697): 447–449. Bibcode:2018Natur.555..447L. doi:10
Maser
Japanese engineer (born 1943)
invented the first gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFET (GAAFET) transistor, an early non-planar 3D transistor, in 1988. Masuoka attended Tohoku University in Sendai
Fujio_Masuoka
Device for analogue recording of sound
stands for "Transistor Phonograph Amplifier". Their circuitry used three Philco germanium PNP alloy-fused junction audio frequency transistors. After the
Phonograph
solid-state electronics, starting with invention and development of the transistor, and ending with the invention of integrated circuit. Published by W.
Crystal Fire: The Birth of the Information Age
Crystal_Fire:_The_Birth_of_the_Information_Age
Electrical engineer and inventor of a transistor configuration
October 31, 1997) was an American electrical engineer and inventor of a transistor configuration in 1953, the Darlington pair. He advanced the state of network
Sidney_Darlington
British audio manufacturer
from enthusiasts, the quality of Radford's designs continued into the transistor age with the "Zero distortion" series of solid state power amplifiers produced
Radford_Electronics
Technology hub in California, United States
tourism. "Silicon" refers to the chemical element used in silicon-based transistors and integrated circuit chips, which is the focus of a large number of
Silicon_Valley
800 MHz system bus (all other models) 125 million transistors in 1 MB models 169 million transistors in 2 MB models Hyper-Threading support is only available
List_of_Intel_processors
20th-century electrical engineer and physicist (1882–1963)
physicist who has been credited with the first patent on the field-effect transistor in 1925. He was never able to build a working practical semiconductor
Julius_Edgar_Lilienfeld
American scientist and inventor (1920–1988)
American scientist and inventor working for TRW Inc who developed transistor–transistor logic, a form of integrated circuit technology that became widely
James_L._Buie
Electrical device that converts AC to DC
in conjunction with at least one voltage amplifying component like a transistor to maintain output voltage when source voltage drops. The input filter
Rectifier
Korean-born American engineer and inventor (1931–1992)
inventing the MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor, or MOS transistor), along with his colleague Mohamed Atalla, in 1959. Kahng and
Dawon_Kahng
visit. Nobuko arrives and has gifts for everyone. Joe really likes the transistor radio she gives him. Nobuko has come to the US to attend college to improve
List of Petticoat Junction episodes
List_of_Petticoat_Junction_episodes
16th Indian census
taking, each person is enumerated and her/his individual particulars like age, marital status, religion, schedule caste/schedule tribe, mother tongue,
2027_census_of_India
were always years behind in computer science; the first recognisable transistor Soviet computer was the BESM-6 in the 1960s; later computers were the
List_of_Equinox_episodes
development of transistor technology, followed by the invention of integrated circuit chips, led to revolutionary breakthroughs. Transistor-based computers
History_of_computing_hardware
Phenomena related to electric charge
electrical circuits involving active components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection
Electricity
2020 video game
would help draw more players into the game. In contrast to Bastion and Transistor, which were more linear games and thus had more control over how the player
Hades_(video_game)
Electronic keyboard instrument
has been termed the "transistor revolution". In 1957, a home organ manufacturer, Gulbransen, introduced the world's first transistor organ, Model B (Model
Electric_organ
Instrument that measures and compares tastes
guanylate in meat/fish/mushrooms. Electronic nose Chemical field-effect transistor Chemiresistor Gustation Metal oxide sensors Vlasov, Yu; Legin, A.; Rudnitskaya
Electronic_tongue
2013 studio album by Melissa Greener
Transistor Corazón is the third album by American singer-songwriter Melissa Greener. It was released on 14 June 2013 by Anima Records. Produced by Brad
Transistor_Corazón
Device used in television cameras
Modern Television Practice Principles, Technology and Servicing 2/Ed. New Age International. ISBN 978-81-224-1360-1 – via Google Books. Biberman, Lucien
Video_camera_tube
American with disabilities (1947–2019)
mid-1960s, when he began to show up at the school football field with a transistor radio. In 1964, Kennedy befriended the school's football coach, Harold
James_"Radio"_Kennedy
Passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in its magnetic field
ISBN 978-8131760611. Wadhwa, C. L. (2005). Electrical Power Systems. New Age International. p. 18. ISBN 978-8122417227. Pelcovits, Robert A.; Josh Farkas
Inductor
Maximum rate of data transfer
field-effect transistor) is the most important factor enabling the rapid increase in bandwidth. The MOSFET (MOS transistor) was invented by Mohamed
Bandwidth_(computing)
American semiconductor engineer autodidact
amplifier chip. In 2021, he achieved a transistor count of 100 with the creation of the Zeloof Z2, a transistor array. His work takes partial inspiration
Sam_Zeloof
Four layer semiconductor diode
constituent transistors help in maintaining the ON and OFF states. Since the construction resembles a pair of interconnected bipolar transistors, one PNP
Shockley_diode
American musician
arrangements, greatly influenced Ward's own sound and recording practices. Transistor Radio, Ward's fourth album, was released on Merge in 2005, and he served
M._Ward
for the house. Meanwhile, Jeff makes a shrewd business deal by buying a transistor radio cheap from a friend knowing he can get much more for it. Alex comes
List of The Donna Reed Show episodes
List_of_The_Donna_Reed_Show_episodes
Satellite communications Semaphore Phryctoria Semiconductor device MOSFET transistor Smoke signals Telecommunications history Telautograph Telegraphy Teleprinter
List of telephone country codes
List_of_telephone_country_codes
Indian scientist and inventor
internationally recognized for her invention of an ultra thin quantum mechanical transistor that can be scaled to nano-sizes and used in nanoelectronic biosensors
Deblina_Sarkar
Late 1970s until early 1980s arcade video games
microprocessors in these games allowed for more complexity than earlier transistor-transistor logic (TTL) discrete circuitry games such as Atari's Pong (1972)
Golden age of arcade video games
Golden_age_of_arcade_video_games
Electric organ
pressing a key. This design was discontinued with the introduction of the transistor organ. This means tonewheel organs have between 3.2 and 8.4 grams of palladium
Hammond_organ
Life of Donald Trump from 1946 to 1968
of the Brooklyn Dodgers. On several occasions, he secretly brought a transistor radio into class and listened to baseball with earplugs. Trump had a paper
Early life and education of Donald Trump
Early_life_and_education_of_Donald_Trump
American academic, engineer and author
– including developing the first practical transistor radio – he earned a doctorate in literature at age 52 and became an English professor. He wrote
Rufus_P._Turner
Solar cell that can produce electrical energy from each side of the cell
the one of 1976, that due to its npn structure similar to that of a transistor, was dubbed the "transcell". Eguren's thesis dealt with the demonstration
Bifacial_solar_cells
Device used for calculations
The early calculators used hundreds of germanium transistors, which were cheaper than silicon transistors, on multiple circuit boards. Display types used
Calculator
English entrepreneur and inventor (1940–2021)
2 - Transistor Superhet Receivers; 1960. (50 circuits) Barnards 163 : Transistor Circuits Manual 2; 1960. (13 circuits) Barnards 167 : Transistor Circuits
Clive_Sinclair
TRANSISTOR AGING
TRANSISTOR AGING
Male
Finnish
Pet form of Finnish Aapeli, AAPO means "vanity," i.e. "transitory."
Girl/Female
Muslim
Fleeting, Transitory, Ephemeral
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Abel, ABELL means "vanity," i.e. "transitory."
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : occupational name for a maker of objects of wood, metal, or bone by turning on a lathe, from Anglo-Norman French torner (Old French tornier, Latin tornarius, a derivative of tornus ‘lathe’). The surname may also derive from any of various other senses of Middle English turn, for example a turnspit, a translator or interpreter, or a tumbler.English : nickname for a fast runner, from Middle English turnen ‘to turn’ + ‘hare’.English : occupational name for an official in charge of a tournament, Old French tornei (in origin akin to 1).Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : habitational name from a place called Turno or Turna, in Poland and Belarus, or from the city of Tarnów (Yiddish Turne) in Poland.Translated or Americanized form of any of various other like-meaning or like-sounding Jewish surnames.South German (T(h)ürner) : occupational name for a guard in a tower or a topographic name from Middle High German turn ‘tower’, or a habitational name for someone from any of various places named Thurn, for example in Austria.
Male
Finnish
Finnish form of Greek Habel, AAPELI means "vanity," i.e. "transitory."
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Abel, ABLE means "vanity," i.e. "transitory."
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Fleeting transitory, ephemeral
Male
English
 In the bible, this is the name of the second son of Adam and Eve who was killed by his jealous brother Cain. Anglicized form of Greek Habel, ABEL means "vanity," i.e. "transitory." Anglicized form of Hebrew Hebel, meaning "breath, breathing."
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Fleeting; Transitory; Ephemeral
Male
Greek
(á¼Î²ÎµÎ») Greek form of Hebrew Hebel ("breath, breathing"), HABEL means "vanity," i.e. "transitory." In the bible, this is the name of the second son of Adam and Eve who was killed by his jealous brother Cain.
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Habel, �BEL means "vanity," i.e. "transitory."
TRANSISTOR AGING
TRANSISTOR AGING
Girl/Female
Irish
Meaning “beauty†or “constant.†The name goes back to ancient times and has been held by six saints. One Fidelma, a daughter of the High King Conchobhar Mac Nessa, was known as Fidelma Nichrothach “Fidelma The Nine-Times-Beautiful,†and a warrior of note herself.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Fair Town; Abbreviation of Trevelyan
Female
Welsh
 Variant spelling of Welsh Linn, LIN means "lake" or "waterfall." Compare with another form of Lin.
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Fair
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sravanti | ஸà¯à®°à®µà®‚தீ
Flowing, A river
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Love of the Charming King
Girl/Female
Indian
Dream, Vision
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of the habitational name Aughton, from any of three places, in Lancashire, East and South Yorkshire, named Aughton, from Old English as Äc ‘oak’ + tÅ«n ‘settlement’.Possibly French : there are several places in France named Authon and it could be a habitational name from any of these.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Vidyul | விதà¯à®¯à¯à®²
Lightning
Girl/Female
Hindu
Daughter of Goddess Lakshmi
TRANSISTOR AGING
TRANSISTOR AGING
TRANSISTOR AGING
TRANSISTOR AGING
TRANSISTOR AGING
n.
The office or dignity of a translator.
n.
A repeating instrument.
n.
A short, hurried view; a transitory or fragmentary perception; a quick sight.
n.
The period of a transitory breeze.
a.
Passing swiftly away; not durable; transient; transitory; as, the fleeting hours or moments.
n.
One who composes or writes a book; a composer, as distinguished from an editor, translator, or compiler.
a.
Not transitory; not liable to fade or vanish; lasting; as, a standing color.
a.
Perishable; frail; transitory.
a.
Continuing only for a short time; not enduring; fleeting; evanescent.
n.
One who or that which interprets, explains, or expounds; a translator; especially, a person who translates orally between two parties.
n.
One who transacts, performs, or conducts any business.
n.
The quality or state of being transitory; speedy passage or departure.
a.
Passing through or to the end; hence, complete; perfect; as, a thorough reformation; thorough work; a thorough translator; a thorough poet.
n.
One who translates; esp., one who renders into another language; one who expresses the sense of words in one language by equivalent words in another.
n.
A paroxysm of extreme pain or anguish; a sudden and transitory agony; a throe; as, the pangs of death.
n.
Metaphorically used for what is transitory.
n.
Something unsubstantial, fleeting, or transitory; unreal fancy; vain imagination; idle talk; boasting.
adv.
In a transitory manner; with brief continuance.
n.
A literal translator.
n.
One who makes or favors a version; a translator.