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Protein
growth factor alpha (TGF-α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGFA gene. As a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, TGF-α is a mitogenic
TGF_alpha
Cytokine
Activated TGF-β complexes with cell surface TGF-β receptors to form an active serine/threonine kinase complex. After binding their TGF-β protein ligand, TGF-β
Transforming growth factor beta
Transforming_growth_factor_beta
American neuroscientist (1947–2023)
contributions to several neuroscientific subjects, including the discoveries of TGF alpha and epidermal growth factor. He was the first to show large-scale stimulation
James_H._Fallon
Soft outer covering organ of vertebrates
life. It is maintained as a stem cell layer through an autocrine signal, TGF alpha, and through paracrine signaling from FGF7 (keratinocyte growth factor)
Skin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DVL2, DVL3), but only naked-2 can bind to the EGF-ligand family member TGF alpha and regulate its polarized secretion in cultured epithelial cells. ENSG00000276920
Naked_cuticle_2
Premalignant stomach disorder
is associated with excessive secretion of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α). It is named after French physician Pierre Eugène Ménétrier (1859–1935)
Ménétrier's_disease
Contact-based cell-cell signalling
al. (1990) to describe a possible way of signal transduction between TGF alpha and EGFR. In this type of signaling, specific membrane-bound ligands bind
Juxtacrine_signalling
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
The CNIH1 protein may regulate the transportation of proteins from the TGF alpha family. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000100528 – Ensembl, May 2017
CNIH
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and other functions in many cell types. TGF-β acts synergistically with transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) in inducing transformation. It also acts
TGF_beta_1
Form of milk produced immediately following the delivery of newborn
Murakami H, Onoda N, Iwashita M, et al. (1991). "Transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha in human milk". Review. Life Sciences. 48 (12): 1151–1156. doi:10
Colostrum
Topics referred to by the same term
Agency, an executive agency of Tanzania that provides VIP flight service TGF alpha, a human protein This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
TGFA
Medical condition
paraneoplastic effects, such as via the secretion of prostaglandin E, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, TNF, and interleukins to increase bone resorption. The destruction
Bone_metastasis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
syndrome (LDS, LDAS). TGF beta receptor 1 has been shown to interact with: Caveolin 1, Endoglin, FKBP1A, FNTA, Heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), member
TGF_beta_receptor_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
TGF beta receptor 2 has been shown to interact with: AP2B1, Cyclin B2, Endoglin, Heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), member A1 STRAP, TGF beta
TGF_beta_receptor_2
Pharmaceutical compound
TGF-8027, or TGF-8-027, also known as N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,5-dimethoxy-4-cyanophenethylamine, is a highly selective serotonin 5-HT2A receptor
TGF-8027
Transmembrane protein
ligands, including epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α). ErbB2 has no known direct activating ligand, and may be in an activated
Epidermal growth factor receptor
Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) to pregnancy zone protein (PZP). Comparison to the TGF-beta-alpha 2-macroglobulin interaction". Eur. J
TGF_beta_2
Cellular component of platelets
Contents include insulin-like growth factor 1, platelet-derived growth factors, TGF beta, platelet factor 4 (which is a heparin-binding chemokine) and other
Alpha_granule
Chemicals that can interfere with endocrine or hormonal systems
SW, et al. (April 2008). "Expression of AhR, CYP1A1, GSTA1, c-fos and TGF-alpha in skin lesions from dioxin-exposed humans with chloracne" (PDF). Toxicol
Endocrine_disruptor
Protein that stimulates cell division and differentiation
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) Amphiregulin (AR) Epiregulin (EPR) Epigen Betacellulin (BTC) neuregulin-1
Epidermal_growth_factor
Icelandic cell biologist and geneticist
Georgetown University. Her dissertation was titled The interaction of TGF [alpha] with C-MYC and NEU in mouse mammary and salivary gland tumorigenesis
Laufey_Ámundadóttir
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a potent cell regulatory polypeptide homodimer of 25kD. It is a multifunctional signaling molecule with more
TGF_beta_Activation
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
hormones and hormone-like polypeptides, such as epidermal growth factor and TGF alpha, from transmembrane precursors. After the N-terminal signal peptide is
FNDC5
Protein family
factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily is a large group of structurally related cell regulatory proteins that was named after its first member, TGF-β1, originally
Transforming growth factor beta superfamily
Transforming_growth_factor_beta_superfamily
carcinoma development.a PCI also inhibits transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). In addition for pancreatic enzymes carboxypeptidase A and B, PCI
Potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor
Potato_carboxypeptidase_inhibitor
Instance of defined set in Homo sapiens with Reactome ID (R-HSA-6806560)
supporting its suggested involvement in the cell cycle. The growth factors TGF alpha, TGF beta, and IL2 have all been shown to stimulate c-Fos, and thereby stimulate
AP-1_transcription_factor
Enzyme found in humans
have additional substrates, including the signaling peptides glucagon, TGF alpha, and β-endorphin. In addition, IDE may have an important function in the
Insulin-degrading_enzyme
Macrophage found in the lungs
Integrins are dimeric cell-surface receptors composed of alpha and beta subunits, which activates TGF-β. TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine that modulates a
Alveolar_macrophage
Protein found in humans
six-cysteine EGF-like domains, 7 eight-cysteine domains homologous with latent TGF-beta binding protein, and a proline-rich region. The FBN-1 gene is involved
Fibrillin-1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
as alpha-smooth muscle actin or α-SMA) is often used as a marker of myofibroblast formation. Studies have shown that ACTA2 is associated with TGF-β pathway
ACTA2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ribbons, but the evidence is mixed. GORASP2 has been shown to interact with TGF alpha, TMED2 and GOLGA2. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000115806 – Ensembl
Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2
Golgi_reassembly-stacking_protein_2
Protein found in humans
a PDZ protein in the early secretory pathway for the targeting of proTGF-alpha to the cell surface". Mol. Cell. 3 (4): 423–33. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80470-0
Syntenin-1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
growth factor (EGF) and it is related to transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). This protein interacts with the Epidermal growth factor receptor
Amphiregulin
Protein family
example, Nkd2 but not Nkd1 associates with the secreted EGF-family ligand TGF alpha via a sequence between the third and fourth block that is only in Nkd2
Naked_cuticle
Monoclonal antibody
cells. Upon binding by a ligand, such as the epidermal growth factor or TGF alpha, dimerization occurs, leading to autophosphorylation on the intracellular
Zalutumumab
Class of indoles
possess an alkyl group, such as a methyl or ethyl group, attached at the alpha carbon, and in most cases no substitution on the amine nitrogen. α-Alkylation
Substituted_tryptamine
Protein family
affinity for both homodimeric TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 and in addition the heterodimer TGF-β1.2. The TGFβ receptors also bind TGFβ3. TGFβ superfamily receptor TGFβ
TGF_beta_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
GRASP65 superhelix, side view GORASP1 has been shown to interact with TGF alpha, TMED2 and GOLGA2. This is shown in the external link entitled "Molecular
Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1
Golgi_reassembly-stacking_protein_1
Large plasma protein found in the blood
such as platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, TGF-β, insulin, and IL-1β. No specific deficiency with associated disease has
Alpha-2-Macroglobulin
Immune system messenger protein which induces inflammation
Szondy S, Pallai A (January 2017). "Transmembrane TNF-alpha reverse signaling leading to TGF-beta production is selectively activated by TNF targeting
Tumor_necrosis_factor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
JS, Rifkin DB (June 2004). "Integrin alphaVbeta6-mediated activation of latent TGF-beta requires the latent TGF-beta binding protein-1". The Journal of
Integrin_beta_6
Enzyme
217 in C/EBP beta is required for hepatocyte proliferation induced by TGF alpha". Molecular Cell. 4 (6): 1087–1092. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80237-3
RPS6KA5
Protein family
"Rhomboid and Star facilitate presentation and processing of the Drosophila TGF-alpha homolog Spitz". Genes & Development. 14 (2): 177–86. doi:10.1101/gad.14
Rhomboid_protease
Psychoactive drug
known as α-methyl-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (α-methyl-DMT or α-Me-DMT) or as Alpha-N, is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine and α-alkyltryptamine families
Α,N,N-Trimethyltryptamine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Characterization of a human rhomboid homolog, p100hRho/RHBDF1, which interacts with TGF-alpha family ligands". Dev Dyn. 233 (4): 1315–1331. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20450.
RHBDF1
Drug belonging to the tryptamine class
Himwich HE (April 1963). "An electrographic study of psilocin and 4-methyl-alpha-methyl tryptamine (MP-809)". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental
4-Methyl-α-methyltryptamine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
which induce apoptosis. IL-24 also inhibits cancer by blocking VEGF and TGF-alpha activities through inhibition of Src, a proto-oncogene, within tumor cells
Interleukin_24
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
which includes the TGF-β family, Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), inhibins and activins. TGF-β3 is believed
Transforming growth factor, beta 3
Transforming_growth_factor,_beta_3
Chemical compound
Inhibition by alpha-methylated substrate-analogue monoamines, alpha-methyltryptamine, alpha-methylbenzylamine and two enantiomers of alpha-methylbenzylamine"
Α-Methyltryptamine
Protein found in humans
Collagen alpha-2(V) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL5A2 gene. This gene encodes an alpha chain for one of the low abundance fibrillar
Collagen,_type_V,_alpha_2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
a PDZ protein in the early secretory pathway for the targeting of proTGF-alpha to the cell surface". Mol. Cell. 3 (4): 423–33. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80470-0
Syntrophin,_alpha_1
Chemical compound
RA, Platz PA, Heinzelman RV (July 1969). "Effects of alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptophan and alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine on norepinephrine in mouse
Α-Methylserotonin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Modulation of gene expression in the preimplantation mouse embryo by TGF-alpha and TGF-beta". Mol Reprod Dev. 41 (2): 133–9. doi:10.1002/mrd.1080410203.
TBRG1
Protein-coding gene in humans
"Entrez Gene: GJA1 gap junction protein, alpha 1, 43kDa". Cheng JC, Chang HM, Fang L, Sun YP, Leung PC (Jul 2015). "TGF-β1 up-regulates connexin43 expression:
GJA1
Chemical compound
2C2-NBOMe 2CBCB-NBOMe 2CBFly-NBOMe DOM-NBOMe NBOMe-escaline NBOMe-mescaline TGF-8027 Others 25B-NAcPip 2-DM-DOM 4-HA 5-DM-DOM Benzofurans (e.g., 5-APB, 5-APDB
2,α-Dimethyltryptamine
Cell type with functions of both muscular and fibrous connective tissue
myofibroblast formation is TGF-beta1 dependent differentiation from fibroblast cells. Activation of the TGF-beta receptor 1 and TGF-beta receptor 2 leads to
Myofibroblast
Chemical compound
as 5-methoxy-α-methyltryptamine or as α,O-dimethylserotonin (α,O-DMS or Alpha-O), is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine, α-alkyltryptamine, and 5-methoxytryptamine
5-MeO-AMT
Plasma proteins arranged in a fibrin matrix
proteins including; platelet alpha granules, platelet‑derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factors‑β (TGF‑β), vascular endothelial growth
Platelet-rich_fibrin
Family of proteins involved in a TGF signaling pathway
receptors involved in TGF beta signaling pathway. These receptors bind growth factor and cytokine signaling proteins in the TGF-beta family such as TGFβs
TGF-beta_receptor_family
Category of small signaling proteins
members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, including TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3. The IL-17 family, which has yet to be completely characterized
Cytokine
Type of proteins
heterotrimeric G protein complexes. The latter class of complexes is made up of alpha (Gα), beta (Gβ) and gamma (Gγ) subunits. In addition, the beta and gamma
G_protein
Vertebrate receptor protein and transcription factor
the regulation of the expression of some transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b) isoforms. This is not to say that ligand-dependent AhR activation is not
Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor
Chemical compound
2C2-NBOMe 2CBCB-NBOMe 2CBFly-NBOMe DOM-NBOMe NBOMe-escaline NBOMe-mescaline TGF-8027 Others 25B-NAcPip 2-DM-DOM 4-HA 5-DM-DOM Benzofurans (e.g., 5-APB, 5-APDB
Α,N,O-TMS
Pharmaceutical compound
Alpha,Beta-D, or α,β-D, also known as α,β-dideuteromescaline, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to mescaline. It
Alpha,Beta-D
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interleukin 5 receptor, alpha (IL5RA) also known as CD125 (Cluster of Differentiation 125) is a subunit of the Interleukin-5 receptor. IL5RA also denotes
Interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit
Interleukin_5_receptor_alpha_subunit
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
for regulating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling. Functional modulation of type III TGF-beta receptor expression through interaction with
GIPC1
Biomarker indicative of breast cancer patients' prognosis
Transforming growth factor ([attribution needed], or TGF) is used to describe two classes of polypeptide growth factors, TGFα and TGFβ. The name transforming
Transforming_growth_factor
Subset of pro-inflammatory T helper cells
microbial translocation. These regulatory Th17 cells can be generated by TGF-beta plus IL-6 in vitro. Like conventional regulatory T cells (Treg), induction
T_helper_17_cell
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Pur-alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PURA gene located at chromosome 5, band q31. Pur-alpha is an ancient, multi-functional DNA- and
PURA
Regulators of feedback on FSH-production
bone morphogenetic protein, and growth differentiation factor belong to the TGF-β protein superfamily. The activin and inhibin protein complexes are both
Activin_and_inhibin
Protein family
The activin type 2 receptors belong to a larger TGF-beta receptor family and modulate signals for transforming growth factor beta ligands. These receptors
Activin_type_2_receptors
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
The interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (also called Tac antigen, P55, and mainly CD25) is a protein involved in the assembly of the high-affinity interleukin-2
IL2RA
White blood cells of the immune system
study. Research has found that the cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is essential for Treg cells to differentiate from naïve CD4+ cells and
Regulatory_T_cell
Group of autoimmune diseases resulting in abnormal growth of connective tissue
factors to generate myofibroblasts. Dysregulated transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signalling in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts has been observed in multiple
Scleroderma
Factor that stimulates the growth of bone tissue
insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
Bone_growth_factor
Chronic disease of the liver, characterized by fibrosis
addition, stellate cells secrete TGF beta 1, which leads to a fibrotic response and proliferation of connective tissue. TGF-β1 has been implicated in the
Cirrhosis
Benign smooth-muscle tumors of the uterus
up-regulating EGF, TGF-beta1, and TGF-beta3, and promotes survival through up-regulating Bcl-2 expression and down-regulating TNF-alpha. Progesterone is
Uterine_fibroid
Biological process in primates
necrosis factor β (TNF-β), transforming growth factor α (TGF-α), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), heregulin, Wnt, RANKL, and leukemia inhibitory factor
Breast_development
Pharmaceutical compound
Alpha-D, or α-D, also known as 3,4,5-trimethoxy-α,α-dideuterophenethylamine or as α,α-dideuteromescaline, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine
Alpha-D
Protein-coding gene in humans
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha (IKK-α) also known as IKK1 or conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase (CHUK) is a protein
CHUK
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
as a dominant-negative inhibitor of TGF beta, suggesting that this protein may function as a mediator between TGF beta receptors and TAK1. This protein
TAB1
Chemical compound
2C2-NBOMe 2CBCB-NBOMe 2CBFly-NBOMe DOM-NBOMe NBOMe-escaline NBOMe-mescaline TGF-8027 Others 25B-NAcPip 2-DM-DOM 4-HA 5-DM-DOM Benzofurans (e.g., 5-APB, 5-APDB
5-MeO-AET
Family of biomolecules
The EGF and TGF families of neurotrophic factors are composed of epidermal growth factor, the neuregulins, transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), and
Neurotrophic_factors
Medical condition
stimulate IGF-1 at facial hair, leading to growth, but can also stimulate TGF β1, TGF β2, dickkopf1, and IL-6 at the scalp, leading to catagenic miniaturization
Pattern_hair_loss
Hormone-producing glands of a body
Dumont N, Shappell S, Washington MK, Neilson EG, Moses HL (February 2004). "TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the oncogenic potential of adjacent
Endocrine_system
Absence, blockage, or narrowing of bile ducts in the liver at birth
necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), TGF-beta, endothelin (ET), and nitric oxide (NO). Among these, TGF-beta is the most important pro-fibrogenic
Biliary_atresia
Protein superfamily of cytokine receptors
nerve growth factor (NGF), all TNFs are homologous to the archetypal TNF-alpha. In their active form, the majority of TNF receptors form trimeric complexes
TNF_receptor_superfamily
Human gene
immune responses: V$SMAD3.01 Smad3 is a transcription factor involved in TGF-beta signaling. V$EBF1.01 Early B-cell factor 1 regulates B cell gene networks
CFAP20DC
Protein or other substance that stimulates cellular proliferation
endothelial growth factor (VEGF) The alpha granules in blood platelets contain growth factors PDGF, IGF-1, EGF, and TGF-β which begin healing of wounds by
Growth_factor
Medical condition neuromuscular disorders
regulate and promote muscle fibrosis in the pathogenesis of LAMA2-MD e.g., TGF-β. This may reduce muscle fibrosis and enhance healthy muscle architecture
LAMA2 related congenital muscular dystrophy
LAMA2_related_congenital_muscular_dystrophy
Mammalian protein found in humans
edge: immature dendritic cells generated from monocytes in the presence of TGF-beta 1 express functional C-C chemokine receptor 6". J. Immunol. 163 (4):
CCL20
Protein found in humans
H-Ras, cholesterol, TGF beta receptor 1, endothelial NOS, androgen receptor, amyloid precursor protein, gap junction protein, alpha 1, nitric oxide synthase
Caveolin_1
Heterodimeric receptor
PMID 20837696. Ng CT, Mendoza JL, Garcia KC, Oldstone MB (January 2016). "Alpha and Beta Type 1 Interferon Signaling: Passage for Diverse Biologic Outcomes"
Interferon-alpha/beta receptor
Interferon-alpha/beta_receptor
Major salivary gland in many animals
thought to be a defect in the interactions between activin, follistatin and TGF-β, leading to a developmental disorder of glandular tissue. Surgical treatment
Parotid_gland
Pharmaceutical compound
names Trimethoxyamphetamine; TMA; TMA-1; 3,4,5-TMA; α-Methylmescaline; alpha-Methylmescaline; AMM; Mescalamphetamine; 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-α-methylphenethylamine;
3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine
Short RNA molecule
sees the removal of post-transcriptional repression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptor type II (TGF-βRII), and consequent collagen production. miR-590 downregulation
Mir-590 microRNA precursor family
Mir-590_microRNA_precursor_family
Antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune function of mucous membranes
bullous dermatosis in some patients. List of target antigens in pemphigus TGF beta Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
Immunoglobulin_A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Periostin production is upregulated in lung fibroblasts by either TGF-β2 or TGF-β3, the latter being secreted by infiltrating cancer stem cells (in
Periostin
French software development company
and was released as a sister product to the more advanced Click & Create. TGF was designed to be a budget-friendly entry point for first-time game designers
Clickteam
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Nishida E, Matsumoto K (1996). "TAB1: an activator of the TAK1 MAPKKK in TGF-beta signal transduction". Science. 272 (5265): 1179–82. Bibcode:1996Sci
MAP3K7IP2
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