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Microorganisms used as an official U.S. state symbol
A state microbe is a microorganism used as an official state symbol. Several U.S. states have honored microorganisms by nominating them to become official
State_microbe
Species of bacterium
2 mol%. In early 2013, state representative James Tokioka submitted HB 293 HD1 to establish F. akiainvivens as the state microbe of Hawaiʻi. At the time
Flavobacterium_akiainvivens
Species of bacterium
griseus, "gray"). S. griseus was designated the official New Jersey state microbe in legislation submitted by Senator Sam Thompson (R-12) in May 2017
Streptomyces_griseus
October 2018. Retrieved 2016-01-27. "Kerala declares Bacillus subtilis 'State microbe'". The Hindu. 2026-01-23. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2026-01-25.
List_of_Kerala_state_symbols
Official songs of U.S. states
Retrieved on 05 June 2017. Walker, Tamara. "State microbe? Here are some of NJ's most bizarre official state symbols", Asbury Park Press, April 3, 2023
List_of_U.S._state_songs
Species of bacterium
fischeri. In 2014, Hawaiʻian State Senator Glenn Wakai submitted SB3124, proposing Aliivibrio fischeri as the state microbe of Hawaiʻi. The bill competed
Aliivibrio_fischeri
Aminoglycoside antibiotic
recognition of both the microbe and the antibiotic in the history of New Jersey, S. griseus was nominated as the Official New Jersey state microbe. The draft legislation
Streptomycin
Species of bacterium
name this bacterium as the official state microbe; it would have been the first and only such designation by a state legislature in the nation, however
Lactococcus_lactis
2018. Retrieved 27 January 2016. "Kerala declares Bacillus subtilis 'State microbe'". The Hindu. 23 January 2026. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 25 January
List_of_Indian_state_symbols
American politician
December 2017[update], Hawaiʻi has no official state microbe. "Representative Isaac W. Choy". Honolulu, Hawaiʻi: Hawaii State Legislature. Retrieved November 26,
Isaac_Choy
U.S. state
Retrieved July 25, 2010. Walker, Tamara. "State microbe? Here are some of NJ's most bizarre official state symbols" Archived July 15, 2023, at the Wayback
New_Jersey
American politician
official state microbe. Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette (2023) "Senator Brian T. Taniguchi". Honolulu, Hawaii: Hawaii State Legislature
Brian_Taniguchi
Catalase-positive bacterium
studied Gram-negative bacterium. The Indian State of Kerala declared the microbe as its own State microbe. Colony, morphological, physiological, and biochemical
Bacillus_subtilis
American scientific learned society
Phytopathology ISSN 0031-949X Plant Disease ISSN 0191-2917 Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ISSN 0894-0282 Plant Health Progress ISSN 1535-1025 Plant
American Phytopathological Society
American_Phytopathological_Society
List of official symbols of the State of New Jersey
On May 10, 2019, New Jersey became the second state in the United States to have an Official State Microbe, the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. On January
List of New Jersey state symbols
List_of_New_Jersey_state_symbols
Any life form too small for the naked human eye to see that lives in a marine environment
ocean or the brackish water of a coastal estuary. A microorganism (or microbe) is any microscopic living organism or virus, which is invisibly small
Marine_microorganisms
Birds Crustaceans Dinosaurs Dog breeds Fish Horse breeds Insects Mammals Microbes Mushrooms Reptiles Seashells Flowers Grasses Plants Trees Beverages Foods
Lists of United States state symbols
Lists_of_United_States_state_symbols
Species of yeast
cerevisiae the official state microbe in recognition of the impact craft beer brewing has had on the state economy and the state's identity. S. cerevisiae
Saccharomyces_cerevisiae
Christian (May 23, 2013). "Oregon is first in nation with official state microbe: brewer's yeast". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on October
List_of_Oregon_state_symbols
1982 video game
Microbe: The Anatomical Adventure is a 1982 video game published by Synergistic Software for the Apple II. Microbe is a game in which a microscopic crew
Microbe: The Anatomical Adventure
Microbe:_The_Anatomical_Adventure
Aspect of medical history
Governor J. B. Pritzker signed a bill designating it as the official State Microbe of Illinois. There is a popular story that Mary K. Hunt (or Mary Hunt
History_of_penicillin
Biological entity that causes disease in its host
release them for additional infections. The lytic cycle describes this active state of rapidly killing hosts, while the lysogenic cycle describes potentially
Pathogen
1969 book by John Postgate
follows: 1 Man and microbes 2 Microbiology 3 Microbes in society 4 Interlude: how to handle microbes 5 Microbes in nutrition 6 Microbes in production 7 Deterioration
Microbes_and_Man
American microbiologist and author (1890–1971)
and writer. Publishing as Paul de Kruif, he is known for his 1926 book, Microbe Hunters. This book was not only a bestseller for a lengthy period after
Paul_de_Kruif
American inventor (1888–1971)
when a microbe was illuminated by a particular wavelength of polarised monochromatic light, different for each type of microbe, the microbe and only
Royal_Rife
Minor league baseball team
Waterloo Microbes were a minor league baseball team based in Waterloo, Iowa. The "Microbes" played as members of the Class D level Iowa State League from
Waterloo_Microbes
Country in Southeast and Central Europe
turbării" [Victor Babeș, the Romanian scientist who discovered 50 new types of microbes and a vaccine against rabies]. adevarul.ro (in Romanian). 27 November 2017
Romania
Biochemical pathways used by microbes to satisfy energy needs
metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of
Microbial_metabolism
particles and microbes around it, grew bacteria at a quick rate. In 1861, Pasteur named his theory of contamination "Germ Theory." He stated the opposite
Germ theory's key 19th century figures
Germ_theory's_key_19th_century_figures
Method of inducing immunity against disease
Inoculation is the act of implanting a pathogen or other microbe or virus into a person or other organism. It is a method of artificially inducing immunity
Inoculation
Microbibal ecological classification
the development of a proposed term, pathogenic potential, to describe a microbe's ability to cause disease. Both terms are currently used within the field
Pathobiont
Overview of human–microbe interactions
Human interactions with microbes include both practical and symbolic uses of microbes, and negative interactions in the form of human, domestic animal
Human interactions with microbes
Human_interactions_with_microbes
Member of the New Jersey Senate
designate Streptomyces griseus as New Jersey's State Microbe, to be added to the state's other state symbols. S. griseus was chosen for this honor because
Samuel_D._Thompson
diseases and cancers are associated with infectious microbes. By this it is meant that the associated microbe is found in the tissues of patients with the disease
Chronic diseases and cancers linked to infectious microbes
Chronic_diseases_and_cancers_linked_to_infectious_microbes
American politician
attempted to establish Aliivibrio fischeri as the state microbe of Hawaiʻi. This was opposing state representative James Tokioka's bill from the previous
Glenn_Wakai
American politician
Flavobacterium akiainvivens as the state microbe of Hawaiʻi. At the time, no other U.S. states had a microorganism as a state symbol. However, on 29 May 2013
James_Tokioka
1346–1353 pandemic in Eurasia and North Africa
Death as the Source of Ancient and Modern Plague Pandemics". Cell Host & Microbe. 19 (6): 874–881. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2016.05.012. PMID 27281573. Moore
Black_Death
past when uncontacted tribes are introduced to other populations and the microbes they carry, maladies as simple as the common cold can be deadly. In the
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and human rhinoviruses are microbes that play a major role in non-atopic asthma. According to Hertzen (2002)
Asthma-related_microbes
Medical condition
Bonoldi V, Bonin S, Falkingham E, Giusto T (9 August 2022). "The Current State of Knowledge on Baggio–Yoshinari Syndrome (Brazilian Lyme Disease-like Illness):
Baggio–Yoshinari_syndrome
Japanese biological and chemical warfare unit (1936–1945)
vivisected. Others were deliberately infected with plague bacteria and other microbes. A prison break in the autumn of 1934, which jeopardized the facility's
Unit_731
Biological kingdom
2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015. Eggleton, Paul (17 October 2020). "The State of the World's Insects". Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 45
Animal
Resting or dormant stage of a microorganism
groups of single-celled, microscopic organisms, or microbes, possess the ability to enter this dormant state. Encystment, the process of cyst formation, can
Microbial_cyst
1975 single by Bruce Springsteen
March 5, 2024. Lubrano, Alfred (March 14, 2023). "NJ has a state microbe, but never had a state song. Why?". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved April 2
Born_to_Run_(song)
Wetlands in India as per Ramsar list
including floating and emergent types. Results were organised at district, state, and topographic map sheet levels using Geographic Information System (GIS)
List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_India
health. These are non-native organisms—encompassing plants, animals, and microbes—that, once introduced, establish themselves and proliferate rapidly, causing
List of invasive species in India
List_of_invasive_species_in_India
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
infectious CJD and scrapie particles parallels treatments known to disrupt microbes and biofilms". Virulence. 6 (8): 787–801. doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1098804
Prion
commercial-scale factory producing sustainable high-protein food from air, microbes and solar energy, Solein, launches. 16 April – Scientists at the Riken
2024_in_science
look at. Ty initially believes Rusty has a poisoning symptom similar to a microbe in possums, but tests show Rusty was poisoned by pesticide dumped in Weber's
List_of_Heartland_episodes
Member of the New Jersey General Assembly
designate Streptomyces griseus as New Jersey's State Microbe, to be added to the state's other state symbols. S. griseus was chosen for this honor because
Annette_Quijano
stromatoporoids before their final extinction, and evidence of a short-term local microbe bloom at the time of the upper Kellwasser event. Otoo (2025) reviews the
2025_in_paleontology
spanning over 1 million years, indicative of presence of host-associated microbes related to extant members of the genera Actinobacillus, Erysipelothrix
2025_in_paleomammalogy
British–Australian singer (1948–2022)
Easterling initially marketed rainforest botanicals and later owned Happy Tree Microbes, which offered natural plant performance products. When Newton-John and
Olivia_Newton-John
Techniques used to study microbe gene expression
Metatranscriptomics is the set of techniques used to study gene expression of microbes within natural environments, i.e., the metatranscriptome. While metagenomics
Metatranscriptomics
Part of the female reproductive tract
3.8 and 4.5. The low pH prohibits growth of many strains of pathogenic microbes. The acidic balance of the vagina may also be affected by semen, pregnancy
Vagina
into the looting of Mayan artefacts in Guatemala 10 January Murder By Microbe, about possible military biological university research in the UK, with
List_of_Dispatches_episodes
Overview and brief description of each episode in "The Strain"
biology initially appears to be invulnerable, but they eventually isolate a microbe that destroys vampire brain tissue, and they start testing the subjects
List_of_The_Strain_episodes
Long-term future of planet Earth
human-dominated ecosystems may rapidly diversify into many new species. Microbes are likely to benefit from the increase in nutrient-enriched environmental
Future_of_Earth
Classification of eukaryotes
Caelestes was resolved. Provorans compose two ancient phyla of predatory microbes and a total of eight described species. They are small, fast-swimming predators
Protist_classification
Medical condition
investigated thoroughly. Confirmed cases should be reported to the local or state health department to assess control of the virus, and isolation of the infant
Congenital_rubella_syndrome
Retrieved 2024-07-07. Liu D (2014-04-08). Manual of Security Sensitive Microbes and Toxins. CRC Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-4665-5396-5. Archived from the
List of human disease case fatality rates
List_of_human_disease_case_fatality_rates
Overuse of a shared resource
point of view, the creation of the tragedy of the commons in pathogenic microbes may provide us with advanced therapeutic methods. Microbial ecology studies
Tragedy_of_the_commons
Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2
"The success of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and challenges ahead". Cell Host & Microbe. 29 (7): 1111–1123. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.06.016. PMC 8279572. PMID 34265245
COVID-19_pandemic
Study of microorganisms in soil
Helena (13 November 2020). "Drought and salinity stress responses and microbe-induced tolerance in plants". Frontiers in Plant Science. 11 591911. Bibcode:2020FrPS
Soil_microbiology
1993 disease outbreak
Meyer 1999, p. 95. Garrett L (September 9, 1995). "The War Between Man and Microbe". The Independent. Archived from the original on August 13, 2025. Retrieved
1993 Four Corners hantavirus outbreak
1993_Four_Corners_hantavirus_outbreak
will appear in Spider-Man: Brand New Day, portrayed by Tramell Tillman. Microbe (Zachary Smith Jr.) is a superhero appearing in Marvel Comics. The character
List of Marvel Comics characters: M
List_of_Marvel_Comics_characters:_M
Science and technology studies book by Bruno Latour
The Pasteurization of France (Les Microbes: guerre et paix suivi de Irréductions) is a book by Bruno Latour published in 1984 by A.M. Métaillié, with an
The_Pasteurization_of_France
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
"Mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (ACP) at the interface of metabolic state sensing and mitochondrial function". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)
Mitochondrion
Welsh actor (born 1937)
short. I have to believe there's something bigger than me. I'm just a microbe. That, for me, is the biggest feeling of relief – acknowledging that I
Anthony_Hopkins
Four criteria showing a causal relationship between a causative microbe and a disease
are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a microbe and a disease. The postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich
Koch's_postulates
Transmission of information
and sexual interactions in eukaryotic microbes". In O'Day, Danton (ed.). Sexual Interactions in Eukaryotic Microbes. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-15097-2. Retrieved
Communication
Autoimmune diseases of the skin
understood. Genetics, seasonal changes, skin damage, climate, immunocompromised state, specific infections, and the use of some medications have been connected
Psoriasis
Public university in Armenia
Ecology and Nature Protection, Microbiology and Biotechnology of Plants and Microbes, Genetics and Cytology, and Biochemistry and Biophysics. Scientific research
Yerevan_State_University
Method of nerve regeneration
that naturally-derived materials may cause an immune response or contain microbes. In the production of naturally-derived materials there will also be batch-to-batch
Nerve_guidance_conduit
Contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2
2020). "Could nasal breathing help to mitigate the severity of COVID-19". Microbes and Infection. 22 (4–5): 168–171. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.002. PMC 7200356
COVID-19
Ancient Greek and Roman system of medicine involving four fluid types
the 17th century and it was definitively disproved with the discovery of microbes. The concept of "humors" may have origins in Ancient Egyptian medicine
Humorism
Central nervous system stimulant
Fluid from the human colon – which contains the highest concentration of microbes of any anatomical site – contains approximately one trillion (10^12) bacterial
Amphetamine
Hypothetical life with reversed molecular chirality
"'Unprecedented risk' to life on Earth: Scientists call for halt on 'mirror life' microbe research". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 January 2026. Adamala, Katarzyna
Mirror-image_life
French actress (born 1976)
studied at the Catholic University of Paris. A churchgoer when young, she has stated that she is "not officially" Catholic. Tautou was in a relationship with
Audrey_Tautou
Geological formation in Spain
proposal and designated the site as Conca de Tremp-Montsec Global Geopark, stating: "This area is internationally recognized as a natural laboratory for sedimentology
Tremp_Formation
Ancestor of all current life on Earth
modern-day bacteria. The originator of the three-domain system, Carl Woese, stated that in its genetic machinery, the LUCA would have been a "simpler, more
Last universal common ancestor
Last_universal_common_ancestor
American actress (1931–2005)
scientist". He said that, as a child, she read to him Paul de Kruif's Microbe Hunters (1926) as a bedtime story. In 2005, shortly before her death, Bancroft
Anne_Bancroft
American agribusiness corporation (1901–2018)
87460 trait is provided by the insertion of the cspB gene from the soil microbe Bacillus subtilis; it was approved by the USDA in 2011 and by China in
Monsanto
Life-threatening response to infection
to a sudden decline of host survival chances. Under this scenario, the microbe species provoking sepsis benefit from monopolizing the future cadaver,
Sepsis
Type of inflammatory bowel disease
Weersma RK, Duerr RH, McGovern DP, Hui KY, et al. (November 2012). "Host–microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel
Crohn's_disease
Class of chemical compounds
protists (Tetrahymena thermophila), slime mold (Dictyostelium discoideum), microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, are all organisms that appear to
N-Acylethanolamine
2012). "State of observed species: A decade of species discovery in review" (PDF). International Institute for Species Exploration; Arizona State University
Lists of organisms by population
Lists_of_organisms_by_population
Functional gastrointestinal disorder
overall microbial diversity. The intricate relationship between intestinal microbes and the gut–brain axis has led to the emerging concept of a microbiota–gut–brain
Irritable_bowel_syndrome
Removal of salts from water
Department of Water Resources and the California State Water Resources Control Board submitted a report to the state legislature recommending that urban water
Desalination
Episodes of Australian quiz show
The Beatles expert Joel – Australian Prime Ministers expert Michelle – Microbes expert Tom's round: Tom's subject – Submarines 7 "Episode 7"
List_of_Hard_Quiz_episodes
formation (Australia) and Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa) with extant microbes grown under conditions similar to possible environmental conditions of
2024_in_paleontology
Second planet from the Sun
1198–1199. doi:10.1038/2161198a0. Anderson, Paul (3 September 2019). "Could microbes be affecting Venus' climate?". Earth & Sky. Archived from the original
Venus
Organic compound (H–CHO); simplest aldehyde
to the reaction HOCH2CH(NH2)CO2H → CH2O + H2C(NH2)CO2H. Methylotrophic microbes convert methanol into formaldehyde and energy via methanol dehydrogenase:
Formaldehyde
Behavior or process that undermines individuality of and in others
been depicted in demonizing and animalistic terms, including "dogs", "microbes", and "vermin". Political orientation has also been shown to influence
Dehumanization
Antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
βίος bios, "life"—is broadly used to refer to any substance used against microbes, but in the usual medical usage, antibiotics (such as penicillin) are those
Antibiotic
Hemorrhagic fever caused by ebolaviruses
P, et al. (June 2005). "The natural history of Ebola virus in Africa". Microbes Infect. 7 (7–8): 1005–1014. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.04.006. PMID 16002313
Ebola
American plant pathologist
Sciences in 2015. She has served as the editor of the journal Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions; she has been the co-editor of the Annual Review of Phytopathology
Jan_E._Leach
Hypertension occurring during pregnancy
"Immunological tolerance, pregnancy and pre-eclampsia: the roles of semen microbes and the father". Frontiers in Medicine. 4: 239. doi:10.3389/fmed.2017.00239
Pre-eclampsia
Largest moon of Saturn
asteroid and cometary impacts on Earth's surface may have caused fragments of microbe-laden rock to escape Earth's gravity, suggesting the possibility of panspermia
Titan_(moon)
Extinct species of mammoth
may have been eaten by "Lyuba" to promote development of the intestinal microbes necessary for digestion of vegetation, as is the case in modern elephants
Woolly_mammoth
STATE MICROBE
STATE MICROBE
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, Finnish, German, Indian, Irish, Norse, Scandinavian
To be Cheerful; Great; Measure of Land; Great Talker
Girl/Female
Muslim
Wealth, Empire, State
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old English personal name TÄta, possibly a short form of various compound names with the obscure first element tÄt, or else a nursery formation. This surname is common and widespread in Britain; the chief area of concentration is northeastern England, followed by northern Ireland.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a slater, from Middle English slate ‘slate’.
Male
English
English surname transferred to unisex forename use, TATE means "cheerful."
Boy/Male
Arabic
Leadership; State
Girl/Female
English Scandinavian Anglo Saxon Irish
Brings joy.
Boy/Male
Arabic
State; Dignity
Surname or Lastname
Indian (northern states)
Indian (northern states) : Hindu name meaning ‘lamp’, from Sanskrit dīpa. It occurs commonly as the final element of compound personal names, e.g. in Kuldeep ‘light of the family’. Subsequently, it appears to have evolved into a surname.English : presumably from the adjective deep, either a topographic name for someone who lived in a deep valley, or perhaps a nickname for a ‘deep’, thoughtful person.
Boy/Male
Arabic
Leadership; State
Boy/Male
Arabic
State; Condition
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
State; Country
Boy/Male
Celebrity, Hindu, Indian, Telugu
State
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : variant of Stacey.
Boy/Male
Arabic
Power; State
Girl/Female
American, Anglo, Australian, British, English, Finnish, Irish, Scandinavian
Light Hearted; Cheerful; Pleasant and Bright; Brings Joy; Bright; Great; Measure of Land
Boy/Male
Arabic
Power; State
Boy/Male
English Scandinavian American Irish Native American
Cheerful.
Girl/Female
Indian, Kashmiri
State Honour
STATE MICROBE
STATE MICROBE
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
King of Rules
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Sun or Moon
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Henley.
Boy/Male
Indian, Marathi
Unlimited
Girl/Female
Hindu
Desired
Surname or Lastname
North German form of Knoche.German
North German form of Knoche.German : possibly a habitational name from Knock near Emden.English : topographic name for someone living by a hill, from Middle English knocke ‘hill’ (Old English cnoc).
Boy/Male
Muslim
Fragrant
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Wish; Desire
Boy/Male
Tamil
Boy/Male
English
Son of Walter.
STATE MICROBE
STATE MICROBE
STATE MICROBE
STATE MICROBE
STATE MICROBE
a.
Belonging to the state, or body politic; public.
n.
Estate; state.
v. t.
To endow with an estate.
n.
To break in a stave or the staves of; to break a hole in; to burst; -- often with in; as, to stave a cask; to stave in a boat.
n.
Any body of men united by profession, or constituting a community of a particular character; as, the civil and ecclesiastical states, or the lords spiritual and temporal and the commons, in Great Britain. Cf. Estate, n., 6.
n.
The bodies that constitute the legislature of a country; as, the States-general of Holland.
n.
The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth; the general interest; state affairs.
v. t.
To exhibit upon a stage, or as upon a stage; to display publicly.
n.
See Skate, for the foot.
n.
One of several marked phases or periods in the development and growth of many animals and plants; as, the larval stage; pupa stage; zoea stage.
v. t.
To mark the limits of by stakes; -- with out; as, to stake out land; to stake out a new road.
v. t.
To pierce or wound with a stake.
n.
One who states.
v. t.
To place, as a statue; to form a statue of; to make into a statue.
n.
Rank; condition; quality; as, the state of honor.
imp. & p. p.
of State
v. t.
To cover with slate, or with a substance resembling slate; as, to slate a roof; to slate a globe.
n.
Estate, possession.
v. t.
To express the particulars of; to set down in detail or in gross; to represent fully in words; to narrate; to recite; as, to state the facts of a case, one's opinion, etc.
a.
Recurring at regular time; not occasional; as, stated preaching; stated business hours.