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Unmanned robotic spacecraft
A space probe is an uncrewed robotic spacecraft designed to explore outer space and transmit scientific data back to Earth. Space probes are used to investigate
Space_probe
Future NASA mission to Titan
physical construction and testing of the probe. During the 2025 federal government shutdown, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center began closing multiple buildings
Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)
Ongoing NASA interstellar program
on 5 November 2018, the Voyager 2 probe had officially reached the interstellar medium (ISM), a region of outer space beyond the influence of the solar
Voyager_program
Mission to Saturn (1997–2017)
was a joint space-research mission by NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to send a space probe to study the planet
Cassini–Huygens
First NASA mission to orbit Jupiter (1989–2003)
Galileo was an American robotic space probe that studied the planet Jupiter and its moons, as well as the asteroids Gaspra and Ida. Named after the Italian
Galileo_(spacecraft)
First spacecraft to land on Titan
atmospheric entry robotic space probe that landed successfully on Saturn's moon Titan in 2005. Built and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA), and launched
Huygens_(spacecraft)
1965 film by Leonard Katzman
Space Probe Taurus (a.k.a. Space Monster) is a 1965 low budget black-and-white science fiction/action/drama film from American International Pictures,
Space_Probe_Taurus
NASA probe of the Sun's outer corona
The Parker Solar Probe (PSP; previously Solar Probe, Solar Probe Plus or Solar Probe+) is a NASA space probe launched in 2018 to make observations of
Parker_Solar_Probe
satellites and space probes includes uncrewed spacecraft including technology demonstrators, observatories, lunar probes, and interplanetary probes. First satellites
Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes
Timeline_of_artificial_satellites_and_space_probes
NASA space probe launched in 1977
is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program, to study the outer Solar System and the interstellar space beyond
Voyager_1
Space probe that can travel out of the Solar System
An interstellar probe is a space probe that has left—or is expected to leave—the Solar System and enter interstellar space, which is typically defined
Interstellar_probe
There are currently various proposed space probes to focus on the exploration of the Solar System. For planned missions to the Moon see the dedicated list
List of proposed Solar System probes
List_of_proposed_Solar_System_probes
Hypothetical space probe
Ronald N. Bracewell in 1960, a Bracewell probe is defined as a hypothetical autonomous interstellar space probe designed for communication with alien civilizations
Bracewell_probe
This is a list of space probes that have left Earth orbit (or were launched with that intention but failed), organized by their planned destination. It
List_of_Solar_System_probes
NASA orbiter mission to asteroid Vesta and dwarf planet Ceres (2007–2018)
Dawn is a retired space probe that was launched by NASA in September 2007 with the mission of studying two of the three known protoplanets of the asteroid
Dawn_(spacecraft)
NASA spacecraft (2006–present)
New Horizons is an interplanetary space probe launched as a part of NASA's New Frontiers program. Launched in 2006, it became the first spacecraft to
New_Horizons
Flight into or through outer space
spacecraft such as satellites in orbit around Earth, but also includes space probes for flights beyond Earth orbit. Such spaceflights operate either by telerobotic
Spaceflight
Investigation of outer space
Space exploration is the physical investigation of outer space by uncrewed robotic space probes and through human spaceflight. While the observation of
Space_exploration
Series of United States uncrewed lunar and planetary space probes (1958-60; 1965-92)
Pioneer programs were two series of United States lunar and planetary space probes. The first program, which ran from 1958 to 1960, unsuccessfully attempted
Pioneer_program
European mission to study Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (2004–2016)
Rosetta was a space probe built by the European Space Agency that launched on 2 March 2004. Along with Philae, its lander module, Rosetta performed a
Rosetta_(spacecraft)
Space exploration concept
seek and destroy protocol (which in turn could lead to probe-on-probe space wars if faulty probes first managed to multiply to high numbers before they
Self-replicating_spacecraft
Second NASA orbiter mission to Jupiter (2011–Present)
Juno is a NASA space probe orbiting the planet Jupiter. Built by Lockheed Martin and operated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the spacecraft was
Juno_(spacecraft)
Historical period started in 1957
The Space Age is a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced
Space_Age
Topics referred to by the same term
franchise Ford Probe, coupe produced by Ford, introduced in 1989 Probe Records (shop), an independent record shop in Liverpool, England Space probe, uncrewed
Probe
NASA space telescope for exoplanetology (2009–2018)
15, 2012). A New American Space Plan. Baen Publishing Enterprises. ISBN 978-1-61824-961-6. "Nasa launches Earth hunter probe". BBC News. March 7, 2009
Kepler_space_telescope
NASA mission to Mercury
MESSENGER was a NASA robotic space probe that orbited the planet Mercury between 2011 and 2015, studying Mercury's chemical composition, geology, and
MESSENGER
is a list of active space probes which have escaped Earth orbit. It includes lunar space probes, but does not include space probes orbiting at the Sun–Earth
List of active Solar System probes
List_of_active_Solar_System_probes
NASA space program from 1962 to 1973
successful, forming the starting point for many subsequent NASA/JPL space probe programs. The planned Mariner Jupiter-Saturn vehicles were adapted into
Mariner_program
Radio telescope at Jodrell Bank Observatory, Cheshire, England
quasars, astrophysical masers, and Einstein rings. Soviet and US probes of the Space Race were tracked en route to the Moon, Venus, and Mars; in 1966
Lovell_Telescope
Proposed NASA space probe to travel 1000 AU from the Sun
Interstellar Probe (ISP) is a proposed NASA space probe designed to explore and characterize the heliosphere and interstellar space. The study was originally
Interstellar Probe (spacecraft)
Interstellar_Probe_(spacecraft)
Vehicle or machine designed to fly in space
telerobotically. Robotic spacecraft used to support scientific research are space probes. Robotic spacecraft that remain in orbit around a planetary body are
Spacecraft
Proposed NASA space mission to Uranus
mid to late 2030s launch would be more likely. Voyager 2 is the only space probe to have visited the Uranus system, completing a flyby on January 24,
Uranus_Orbiter_and_Probe
Renewed 21st-century competition in space exploration
Orion spacecraft; long-term NASA probes explored the Martian surface, Jupiter, and Saturn. Some have argued New Space Race is part of a Second Cold War
New_Space_Race
Spacecraft capable of aerodynamic flight in atmosphere
Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), conducted science experiments in orbit, participated
Spaceplane
Spacecraft without people on board
spacecraft for scientific measurements is often called a space probe or space observatory. Many space missions are more suited to telerobotic rather than crewed
Uncrewed_spacecraft
Fictional space flight organization
("The Squire of Gothos"), United Earth Space Probe Agency ("Charlie X" and "Tomorrow Is Yesterday"), and Space Central ("Miri") were all used to refer
Starfleet
Proposed mission to Enceladus by the European Space Agency (ESA)
the Cassini space probe detected molecules from the moon's watery plumes that life needs to survive such as phosphates and salts. The L4 probe is proposed
L4_(spacecraft)
became the first space probe to orbit another planet when it entered into orbit around Mars. The amount of data returned by probes increased substantially
Exploration_of_Mars
First planet from the Sun
geological history are still under investigation or pending data from space probes. Its mantle is highly homogeneous, which suggests that Mercury had a
Mercury_(planet)
Location used to launch and receive spacecraft
Overlook Press. ISBN 978-1-4683-1278-2. Londin, Jesse (9 February 2007). "Space Law Probe: Virginia Leads The Way". blogspot.com. Archived from the original
Spaceport
European space observatory for astrometry (2013–2025)
Science and Technology. "Astrometry in Space". ESA Science and Technology. ESA. "Europe Launching Gigapixel Probe To Map Milky Way". Techcrunch science
Gaia_(spacecraft)
Indian orbiter mission to Mars (2013–2022)
'Craft, Vehicle'), is a space probe orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organisation
Mars_Orbiter_Mission
NASA space probe launched in 1977
Voyager 2 is a space probe launched by NASA on August 20, 1977, as a part of the Voyager program. It was launched on a trajectory towards the gas giants
Voyager_2
been flown on GEO, Low Earth orbit (LEO), planetary missions and deep-space-probe applications. Spacebus Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)
Miniature inertial measurement unit
Miniature_inertial_measurement_unit
3rd episode of the 2nd season of Star Trek: The Original Series
29, 1967. The crew of the USS Enterprise deals with a life-destroying space probe originally launched from Earth. The plot contains similarities to the
The Changeling (Star Trek: The Original Series)
The_Changeling_(Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series)
Concept of permanent human habitation outside of Earth
Challenge of Space Exploration - New Space Economy". newspaceeconomy.ca. 26 February 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2025. "NASA's Europa Probe Gets a Hotline
Space_colonization
NASA/ESA solar probe launched in 1990
(/juːˈlɪsiːz/ yoo-LISS-eez, UK also /ˈjuːlɪsiːz/ YOO-liss-eez) was a robotic space probe whose primary mission was to orbit the Sun and study it at all latitudes
Ulysses_(spacecraft)
Military branch for space warfare
A space force is a military branch of a nation's armed forces that conducts military operations in outer space and space warfare. The world's first space
Space_force
and relativity tests. The Titan probe, Huygens, entered and landed on Titan in 2005. Cassini was the fourth space probe to visit Saturn and the first to
List of uncrewed NASA missions
List_of_uncrewed_NASA_missions
Robotic spacecraft missions to the Moon by the Soviet Union (1958–1976)
Space Page. Retrieved 26 September 2023. "Lunokhod 1 Panoramas". planetology.ru. Retrieved 30 April 2013. Wall, Mike (11 July 2013). "NASA Moon Probe
Luna_programme
NASA space probe launched in 2005
Deep Impact was a NASA space probe launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on January 12, 2005. It was designed to study the interior composition
Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)
Space exploration probe mission to Mars
l-āstikšāf al-Murīkh) is a United Arab Emirates Space Agency uncrewed space exploration mission to Mars. The Hope probe (Arabic: مسبار الأمل, Misbar Al-Amal) was
Emirates_Mars_Mission
Failed NASA mission to Mars (1998–1999)
Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter) was a robotic space probe launched by NASA on December 11, 1998, to study the Martian climate,
Mars_Climate_Orbiter
Space program of the Soviet Union
1973. The spacecraft were intended to explore Mars, and included flyby probes, landers and orbiters. Early Mars spacecraft were small, and launched by
Soviet_Mars_program
NASA Mars lander (2008)
Phoenix was an uncrewed space probe that landed on the surface of Mars on May 25, 2008, and operated until November 2, 2008. Phoenix was operational on
Phoenix_(spacecraft)
Smallest Galilean moon of Jupiter
Europa, based on an updated analysis of data obtained from the Galileo space probe, which orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003. Such plume activity could help
Europa_(moon)
Crewed or uncrewed travel between stars or planets
escape velocity, eventually performing interstellar spaceflight. Uncrewed space probes have flown to all the observed planets in the Solar System as well as
Interplanetary_spaceflight
American industrial company
Retrieved 19 March 2022. McGee, Patrick (13 December 2021). "Apple faces probe over whether it retaliated against whistleblower". Financial Times. Retrieved
TRW_Inc.
Technology developed for use in Space exploration
lunar surface was Neil Armstrong, commander of Apollo 11. The first space probe to land on moon South Pole of India.Chandrayaan-3 was launched aboard
Space_technology
Instrument in space to study astronomical objects
satellite List of telescope types Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes Timeline of telescopes, observatories, and observing technology Ultraviolet
Space_telescope
Extreme benchmarks set off Earth by astronauts, launchers and probes
2011-08-27. Archived from the original on November 23, 2011. "China's space probe flies by asteroid Toutatis" Archived 2012-12-15 at the Wayback Machine
List_of_spaceflight_records
Japanese probe to asteroid and sample return (2003–2010)
while the probe was ascending and at a higher altitude than intended, so that it escaped Itokawa's gravitational pull and tumbled into space. Had it been
Hayabusa
Use of satellite signals for navigation or geo-spatial positioning
backup". SpaceNews.com. Retrieved 10 August 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) "EGNOS System". March 2016. "EU Space Programme
Satellite_navigation
Space Probe was a Giant Drop ride located at Wonderland Sydney in Australia. It was manufactured by Intamin and opened as the world's tallest and fastest
Space Probe (Wonderland Sydney)
Space_Probe_(Wonderland_Sydney)
Pair of NASA landers and orbiters sent to Mars in 1976
The Viking program consisted of a pair of identical American space probes, Viking 1 and Viking 2 both launched in 1975, and landed on Mars in 1976. The
Viking_program
Soviet program that explored Venus with multiple probes
series of space probes developed by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1984 to gather information about the planet Venus. A total of eighteen probes were sent
Venera_program
Concept in celestial mechanics
to be zero at an infinite distance. As of 2025[update], the farthest space probe from the Sun is Voyager 1 at 169 AU. Giancoli, Douglas C. (2008). Physics
Escape_velocity
2008 animated comic science fiction film
20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. In outer space, an uncrewed, intelligent life-searching NASA space probe, Infinity, is dragged into an intergalactic
Space_Chimps
European mission to comets Halley and Grigg–Skjellerup (1985–1992)
armada of five space probes including Giotto, two from the Soviet Union's Vega program and two from Japan: the Sakigake and Suisei probes. The idea was
Giotto_(spacecraft)
NASA space mission to Jupiter and Europa
to send a space probe developed by NASA to study Europa, a Galilean moon of Jupiter. Launched by a Falcon Heavy on October 14, 2024, the probe is planned
Europa_Clipper
Partially reusable launch system and space plane
Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), conducted science experiments in orbit, participated
Space_Shuttle
NASA orbiter mission to Venus (1989–1994)
The Magellan spacecraft was a 1,035-kilogram (2,282 lb) robotic space probe launched by NASA on May 4, 1989. Its mission objectives were to map the surface
Magellan_(spacecraft)
for and engage in activities relating to outer space, including the operation of space systems, and space exploration.[citation needed] Their objectives
List of government space agencies
List_of_government_space_agencies
Planned 2020s private Venus astrobiology probe
Venus Life Finder is a planned Venus space probe designed to detect signs of life in the Venusian atmosphere. Slated to be the first private mission to
Venus_Life_Finder
17th episode of the 2nd season of The Outer Limits
plane crash survivors who suddenly find themselves trapped in an alien space probe that was taking water samples. Inside they find a puzzle they need to
The_Probe
Scientific studies carried out using scientific equipment in outer space
of space programs Outer space Space Age Space archaeology Space architecture Space exploration Spacefaring Space law Space medicine Space probe Space research
Space_research
Type of spacecraft
probe, which makes a hard landing that damages or destroys the probe upon reaching the surface, a lander makes a soft landing after which the probe remains
Lander_(spacecraft)
NASA spacecraft active since 2005
miles). All six of MRO's main engines burned for 27 minutes to slow the probe by 1,000 meters per second (3,300 ft/s). The burn was remarkably accurate
Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter
Network of radio communication facilities run by NASA
Goldstone's contribution to the early days of space probe tracking, see Project Space Track; the Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex (40°25′53″N 4°14′53″W
NASA_Deep_Space_Network
15th episode of the 1st series of Thunderbirds
primary vehicles: the Thunderbird machines. In "Day of Disaster", a space probe being transported to its launch site sinks to the bottom of a river following
Day_of_Disaster
System", space probes studying the Solar System (eg. Solar Orbiter studying the Sun and JUICE currently on its way to Jupiter) and "Astrophysics", space telescopes
List of European Space Agency programmes and missions
List_of_European_Space_Agency_programmes_and_missions
Habitability of the celestial bodies of the Solar System
reach Europa in 2030, and the Dragonfly space probe is planned to launch in 2027. The vacuum of outer space is a harsh environment. Besides the vacuum
Planetary habitability in the Solar System
Planetary_habitability_in_the_Solar_System
NASA satellite of the Explorer program (2001-2010)
The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), originally known as the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP and Explorer 80), was a NASA spacecraft operating
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe
Serialized speculative fiction multimedia narrative
have become immortal and infertile, the series follows three sapient space probes that watch humanity play an evolved form of American football in which
17776
United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1993 after the space probe which surveyed the planet Mars in 1976. Aeolus Ridge Leda Ridge Polarstar
Probe_Ridge
First spacecraft to visit Jupiter and the outer Solar System (1972–2003)
Pioneer 10 (originally designated Pioneer F) is a NASA space probe launched in 1972 that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter. It was the
Pioneer_10
Array of antennas creating a steerable beam
The MESSENGER spacecraft was a space probe mission to the planet Mercury (2011–2015). This was the first deep-space mission to use a phased-array antenna
Phased_array
Topics referred to by the same term
network Ulysses (robot), a bomb-detecting robot Ulysses (spacecraft), a space probe designed to study the Sun Ulysses (text editor), a software product for
Ulysses
Space-based experiment to test the theory of general relativity
Gravity Probe A (GP-A) was a space-based experiment to test the equivalence principle, a feature of Einstein's theory of relativity. It was performed jointly
Gravity_Probe_A
Photograph of Earth by Voyager 1
is a photograph of Earth taken on February 14, 1990, by the Voyager 1 space probe from an unprecedented distance of over 6 billion kilometers (3.7 billion
Pale_Blue_Dot
Robotic European Space Agency lander that accompanied the Rosetta spacecraft
12 November 2023. "12 November, 2014 A Space Probe landed on the Surface of a Comet for the first time in Space Research". Wigner Research Centre for Physics
Philae_(spacecraft)
Soviet Venus space probe
Venera 3 (Russian: Венера-3 meaning Venus 3) was a Venera program space probe that was built and launched by the Soviet Union to explore the surface of
Venera_3
Type of spacecraft
A space capsule is a spacecraft designed to transport cargo, scientific experiments, and/or astronauts to and from space. Reentry capsules are distinguished
Space_capsule
Chinese Moon orbiter
deep-space tracking and control systems. Contact with the spacecraft was lost in 2014 as its signal strength weakened due to distance. The probe is expected
Chang'e_2
NASA Mars lander (2018–2022)
and endurance in deep space, and to help relay real-time communications (with an eight-minute lightspeed delay) during the probe's entry, descent and landing
InSight
1999 NASA space probe concept
Interstellar Probe is the name of a 1999 space probe concept by NASA intended to travel out 200 AU in 15 years. This 1999 study by Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Interstellar_Probe_(1999)
List of deliberate crash landings on extraterrestrial bodies
by crashing space probes into craters and testing the debris that got thrown out. Several rocket stages utilized during the Apollo space program were
List of spacecraft intentionally crashed into extraterrestrial bodies
List_of_spacecraft_intentionally_crashed_into_extraterrestrial_bodies
NASA/DLR solar probes launched in 1974–76
were the first space probes built outside the United States and the Soviet Union to leave Earth orbit. The two Helios probes look similar. Helios-A
Helios_(spacecraft)
First spacecraft to visit Saturn (1973–1995)
Pioneer 11 (also known as Pioneer G) is a NASA robotic space probe launched on April 5, 1973, to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter
Pioneer_11
Spaceflight not by a government
During the early decades of the Space Age, the government space agencies of the Soviet Union and United States pioneered space technology in collaboration
Private_spaceflight
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