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Academic journal
research about fundamental and applied aspects of soil science. As well as publishing in traditional aspects of soil biology, soil physics and soil chemistry
Soil_Research
Earth, a natural material
plants and soil organisms. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from soil by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil. Soil consists
Soil
Systematic categorization of soils
frameworks are designed to support research and help with infrastructure planning. Some of these major systems include soil taxonomy developed by the United
Soil_classification
The Albanian Soil Research Institute (Albanian: Instituti i Kërkimit të Tokave) was a scientific research institute on soil research that was created
Albanian Soil Research Institute
Albanian_Soil_Research_Institute
Study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of Earth
Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping; physical, chemical
Soil_science
Arrangement of a soil's particles and pore spaces
In geotechnical engineering, soil structure describes the arrangement of the solid parts of the soil and of the pore space located between them. It is
Soil_structure
Substance added to soil to enhance plant growth
applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients. Fertilizers may be distinct from liming materials or other non-nutrient soil amendments
Fertilizer
Process of soil formation
Soil formation, also known as pedogenesis, is the process of soil genesis as regulated by the effects of place, environment, and history. Biogeochemical
Soil_formation
Agricultural research center in Haryana, India
The Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI) is an autonomous institute of higher learning, established under the umbrella of Indian Council of
Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
Central_Soil_Salinity_Research_Institute
Study of living things in soil
Soil biology is the study of microbial and faunal activity and ecology in soil. Soil life, soil biota, soil fauna, or edaphon is a collective term that
Soil_biology
Research institute based in Aberdeen, Scotland
covered aspects such as landscape, soil and water conservation and climate change. The Macaulay Institute for Soil Research was founded in 1930. A benefaction
Macaulay_Institute
Color space
States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as the official color system for soil research in the 1930s. Several earlier color order systems in the field of colorimetry
Munsell_color_system
Invertebrates and vertebrates living in soil
Soil harbours a huge number of animal species (30% of arthropods live in soil), whether over their entire life or at least during larval stages. Soil
Soil_animals
Measure of how acidic or alkaline the soil is
Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a soil. Soil pH is a key characteristic that can be used to make informative analysis both
Soil_pH
Earthy smell when rain falls on dry soil
often associated with rain falling on dry soil or rock. The term was introduced by Australian researchers Isabel Joy Bear and Richard G. Thomas in a
Petrichor
American scientific organization
Soil Science Society of America (SSSA), is the largest soil-specific society in the United States. It was formed in 1936 from the merger of the Soils
Soil Science Society of America
Soil_Science_Society_of_America
Communities of living organisms on the soil surface in arid and semi-arid ecosystems
Biological soil crusts, often abbreviated as biocrusts, are communities of living organisms inhabiting the surface of soils in arid and semi-arid ecosystems
Biological_soil_crust
Academic journal
International Soil and Water Conservation Research (ISWCR), launched in June 2013, is an open-access, peer-reviewed international academic journal that
International Soil and Water Conservation Research
International_Soil_and_Water_Conservation_Research
Property of soil
Soil aggregate stability is a measure of the ability of soil aggregates—soil particles that bind together—to resist breaking apart when exposed to external
Soil_aggregate_stability
Soil layer whose physical characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath
A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath
Soil_horizon
American microbiologist and soil researcher (1952–2026)
and soil biology researcher and founder of Soil Foodweb Inc. and the Soil Foodweb School. She was known as a leader in soil microbiology and research of
Elaine_Ingham
Soils formed under waterlogged conditions
sulfate soils are naturally occurring soils, sediments or organic substrates (e.g. peat) that are formed under waterlogged conditions. These soils contain
Acid_sulfate_soil
Public university in South Australia
of cereal varieties used in southern Australia were created there. A Soil Research Centre was founded in 1929 with a donation of £10,000 from Harold Darling
University_of_Adelaide
Capabilities of soils
Soil functions are general capabilities of soils that are important for various agricultural, environmental, nature protection, landscape architecture
Soil_functions
Process in geotechnical engineering to increase soil density
engineering, soil compaction is the process in which stress applied to a soil causes densification as air is displaced from the pores between the soil grains
Soil_compaction
Volume occupied by liquid and gas phases in a soil
The pore space of soil contains the liquid and gas phases of soil, i.e., everything but the solid phase that contains mainly minerals of varying sizes
Pore_space_in_soil
Soil Science (acronym IISS) is an autonomous institute for higher learning, established under the umbrella of Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Indian Institute of Soil Science
Indian_Institute_of_Soil_Science
Soil type
Red soil is a type of soil that typically develops in warm, temperate, and humid climates and comprises approximately 13% of Earth's soil and it contains
Red_soil
Ritual process of converting a deceased body into compost
Composting Soil Research". Recompose. Retrieved November 26, 2025. Byrne, Jennifer (October 10, 2025). "How human composting turns bodies into soil". Popular
Human_composting
Academic journal
Plant and Soil is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the relationships between plants and soil, such as relationships and
Plant_and_Soil
Academic journal
Soil Biology and Biochemistry is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1969 and published by Elsevier. It focuses on research papers
Soil_Biology_and_Biochemistry
Agricultural practice of changing crops
Journal of Soil Research. 32 (4): 701–720. Bibcode:1994SoilR..32..701L. doi:10.1071/sr9940701. "Forages in Rotation" (PDF). Saskatchewan Soil Conservation
Crop_rotation
Study of the interaction of soil and life
Soil ecology studies interactions among soil organisms and their environment. It is a branch of ecology particularly concerned with the cycling of nutrients
Soil_ecology
Controlling the problem of soil salinity
Soil salinity control refers to controlling the process and progress of soil salinity to prevent soil degradation by salination and reclamation of already
Soil_salinity_control
Horticultural Research Centre in Levington, Suffolk
Institute, Aberdeen, formerly the Macaulay Institute for Soil Research Sports Turf Research Institute New Scientist. Reed Business Information. 1959.
Levington_Research_Station
colour and resistivity. Soil texture is determined by the relative proportion of the three kinds of soil mineral particles, called soil separates: sand, silt
Physical_properties_of_soil
Analysis of soil
A soil test is a laboratory or in-situ analysis to determine the chemical, physical or biological characteristics of a soil. Possibly the most widely
Soil_test
The early concepts of soil were based on ideas developed by a German chemist, Justus von Liebig (1803–1873), and modified and refined by agricultural scientists
History_of_soil_science
Application of minerals to soil
soil. In acid soils, these materials react as a base and neutralize soil acidity. This often improves plant growth and increases the activity of soil
Liming_(soil)
Decrease in porosity of soil due to agriculture
Soil compaction, also known as soil structure degradation, is the increase of bulk density or decrease in porosity of soil due to externally or internally
Soil_compaction_(agriculture)
Pollution of land by human-made chemicals or other alteration
Soil contamination, soil pollution, or land pollution as a part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other
Soil_contamination
Medium in which to grow plants
Potting soil or growing media, also known as potting mix or potting compost (UK), is a substrate used to grow plants in containers. The first recorded
Potting_soil
Natural processes removing soil and rock
the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust and then
Erosion
Two processes associated with loss of stable soil equilibrium
Soil retrogression and degradation are two regressive evolution processes associated with the loss of equilibrium of a stable soil. Retrogression is primarily
Soil retrogression and degradation
Soil_retrogression_and_degradation
A soil scientist is a contributor to soil science. Soil scientists include agronomists, pedologists and soil classifiers. The following is a list of notable
List_of_soil_scientists
Ability of a soil to sustain agricultural plant growth
Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil to sustain agricultural plant growth, i.e. to provide plant habitat and result in sustained and consistent
Soil_fertility
Study of animals that live in soil
world at a conference of soil zoologists presenting their research at the University of Nottingham, UK, in 1955. Because soil zoology encompasses all animals
Soil_zoology
Buildup of hydrogen cations, which reduces the soil pH
Soil acidification is the buildup of hydrogen cations, which reduces the soil pH. Chemically, this happens when a proton donor gets added to the soil
Soil_acidification
Sequence of soils on a slope
at the Bukalasa research station. The term catena (Latin: chain) was first coined by scientist Geoffrey Milne to describe these soil-topography units
Catena_(soil)
Zealand Soil Bureau (1936-1992) was a division of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research specializing in soil-related research and development
Soil_Bureau
Branch of soil science
Agricultural soil science is a branch of soil science that deals with the study of edaphic conditions as they relate to the production of food and fiber
Agricultural_soil_science
Very dark, fertile Amazonian anthropogenic soil
[citation needed] This type of soil appeared between 450 BCE and 950 CE at sites throughout the Amazon Basin. Recent research has reported that terra preta
Terra_preta
Agricultural technique
continuous and time-controlled grazing systems on soil characteristics in Southeast Queensland" (PDF). Soil Research 46 (CSIRO Publishing), 348–358. Archived from
Holistic management (agriculture)
Holistic_management_(agriculture)
Organic-rich bioturbated upper part of the soil
soil biomantle can be described and defined in several ways. Most simply, the soil biomantle is the organic-rich bioturbated upper part of the soil,
Soil_biomantle
Solid carbon stored in global soils
minerals. Soil carbon contributes to vital functions of soil in ecosystems, including water holding capacity, nutrient retention, and soil structure. Soil carbon
Soil_carbon
Salt content in the soil
Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization (also called salination in American
Soil_salinity
Australian soil scientist
Competitive reactions between phosphorus and organic matter in soil: a review. Soil Research 43, 189–202. Kopittke P M, Asher C J, Blamey F P C, Auchterlonie
Neal_Menzies
Property of a soil
Soil texture is the identifying quality of the upper layer of earth, which is composed of sand, silt and clay.Soil texture can be determined using qualitative
Soil_texture
List of academic journals in agriculture
peer-reviewed scientific journals that publish research in agriculture, agronomy, crop science, soil science, horticulture, plant pathology, animal science
List_of_agricultural_journals
Dispersion (geology) - Downer (soil) - Downhill creep - Drainage research - Drilosphere - Drucker–Prager yield criterion - Drummer (soil) - Dry quicksand - Dryland
Index of soil-related articles
Index_of_soil-related_articles
Academic journal
Soil Science Society of America Journal is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research on all aspects of soil science. It was established
Soil Science Society of America Journal
Soil_Science_Society_of_America_Journal
Chemical process produced by soil and the organisms within it
Soil respiration refers to the production of carbon dioxide when soil organisms respire. This includes respiration of plant roots, the rhizosphere, microbes
Soil_respiration
Lightweight black residue, made of carbon and ashes, after pyrolysis of biomass
used in soils to increase soil aeration, reduce soil emissions of greenhouse gases, improve soil fertility, reduce nutrient leaching, reduce soil acidity
Biochar
Indonesian academician and politician (1899–1984)
East Java, but dedicated most of his time to soil research. His brilliance led him to work at the Soil Research Institute in Bogor as a chemical analyst.
Wisaksono_Wirjodihardjo
Water content of the soil
Soil moisture is the water content of the soil. It can be expressed in terms of volume or weight. Soil moisture measurement can be based on in situ probes
Soil_moisture
Norwegian mineralogist (1888–1947)
he was assigned to the Macaulay Institute for Soil Research (in Aberdeen) of the Agricultural Research Council. He participated in discussions about the
Victor_Goldschmidt
Arrangement of organic and mineral layers in soil
matter, such as leaves, decomposes into humus. Sometimes soil animals mix underlying mineral soil with the humus. This is also part of the humus form. Humus
Humus_form
Climate technology company
InSoil (formerly HeavyFinance) is a Lithuanian environmental technology investment company that operates a marketplace for the agricultural industry. The
InSoil
Type of claystone, composed of absorbent smectite clay minerals
Improving Soil Fertility and Water Holding Capacity with Clay Application: The Impact of Soil Remediation Research in Northeast Thailand. IWMI Research Report
Bentonite
Study of microorganisms in soil
Soil microbiology is the study of microorganisms in soil, their functions, and how they affect soil properties. It is believed that between two and four
Soil_microbiology
National academy for natural sciences of China
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology Nanjing Institute of Soil Research Nanjing Institute of Geography and Lakes Purple Mountain Observatory
Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences
The Tokul soil series are Andisol soils formed by volcanic ash and loess over a dense glacial till. The soils are found in the Puget lowland forests and
Tokul_soil
Soil biodiversity refers to the relationship of soil to biodiversity and to aspects of the soil that can be managed in relative to biodiversity. Soil
Soil_biodiversity
Preservation of soil nutrients
Soil conservation is the prevention of loss of the topmost layer of the soil from erosion or prevention of reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification
Soil_conservation
Weathering
D. (1988). "Aggregate breakdown in clay soils under simulated rain and effects on infiltration". Soil Research. 26 (1): 111–120. doi:10.1071/sr9880111
Slaking_(geology)
Displacement of soil by water, wind, and lifeforms
Soil erosion is the denudation or wearing away of the upper layer of soil. It is a form of soil degradation. This natural process is caused by the dynamic
Soil_erosion
Farming technique that sterilizes soil with steam
Soil steam sterilization (soil steaming) is a farming technique that sterilizes or partially sterilizes soil with steam in open fields or greenhouses.
Soil_steam_sterilization
Typical soils of coniferous or boreal forests
spodosols, or espodossolos, are the typical soils of coniferous or boreal forests and also the typical soils of eucalypt forests and heathlands in southern
Podzol
Study of the interaction of humans with the pedosphere
anthropogenic soils, such as terra preta. Much of the research done in environmental soil science is produced through the use of models. Soil functions Chen
Environmental_soil_science
Branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils
Soil mechanics is a branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils. It differs from fluid mechanics and solid mechanics
Soil_mechanics
Archaic term for excreta from latrines
Night soil is a historical euphemism for human excreta collected from cesspools, privies, pail closets, pit latrines, privy middens, septic tanks, etc
Night_soil
Organic matter in soils resulting from decay of plant and animal materials
(1991). "Soil organic matter: its central position in organic farming". In Wilson, William S. (ed.). Advances in soil organic matter research: the impact
Humus
Irrigation water quality parameter
(2011). "Cation ratio of soil structural stability (CROSS)" (PDF). Soil Research. 49 (3): 280. Bibcode:2011SoilR..49..280R. doi:10.1071/SR10105. Smith
Sodium_adsorption_ratio
Pest control method
Soil solarization is a non-chemical environmentally friendly method for controlling pests using solar power to increase the soil temperature to levels
Soil_solarization
Geophysical method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface
survey and landmine detection. EU Detect Force Technology, an advanced soil research company, design uses X6 Plus Grounding Radar (XGR) as an hybrid GPR
Ground-penetrating_radar
Methods for changing soil for engineering purposes
Soil stabilization is a general term for any physical, chemical, mechanical, biological, or combined method of changing a natural soil to meet an engineering
Soil_stabilization
Academic journal
Journal of Soil Science (French: Revue canadienne de la science du sol) is a Canadian quarterly academic journal which publishes research on the nature
Canadian Journal of Soil Science
Canadian_Journal_of_Soil_Science
Soil material that is ordinarily a solid behaving like a thick liquid
Soil liquefaction occurs when a cohesionless saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied
Soil_liquefaction
Negative emissions technology
biochar in soils or durable materials (e.g. cement, tar). Biochar locks carbon from biomass into a stable, charcoal-like form that can persist in soils for centuries
Biochar_carbon_removal
British registered charity
The Soil Association is a British registered charity focused on the effect of agriculture on the environment. It was established in 1946. Their activities
Soil_Association
Creation of new soil and rejuvenation of soil health
Soil regeneration, as a particular form of ecological regeneration within the field of restoration ecology, is creating new soil and rejuvenating soil
Soil_regeneration
Instrument to measure soil water content
Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. Since the direct gravimetric measurement of free soil moisture requires removing,
Soil_moisture_sensor
Dutch soil scientist
Wageningen University and Research Centre between 1983 and 2002. Bouma was born on 29 October 1940 in Vrouwenparochie. He studied soil science at Wageningen
Johan_Bouma
Soil type with pH > 8.5
Alkali, or alkaline, soils are clay soils with high pH (greater than 8.5), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity. Often they have a hard
Alkali_soil
units - Crops Research Unit (CRU) and Soil Research Unit. In 1964, the CRU became a full-fledged Institute and was named the Crops Research Institute (CRI)
Crops_Research_Institute
Variation of soil properties within an area
variation of soil properties (usually characterised by soil classes) within an area. Pedodiversity studies were first started by analyzing soil series–area
Pedodiversity
Soil type; fertile black-coloured soil
CHUR-nə-zem), also called black soil, black earth, dark earth, regur soil or black cotton soil, is a black-colored soil containing a high percentage of
Chernozem
survey on soil and their earthworm populations. The survey complements research the centre is carrying out into soils and soil quality. Research is focused
OPAL_Soil_Centre
Gases in the air space between soil components
Soil gases (soil atmosphere) are the gases found in the air space between soil components. The spaces between the solid soil particles, if they do not
Soil_gas
Former US Federal Government agricultural & land management program
The Soil Bank Program is a federal program (authorized by the Soil Bank Act, P.L. 84-540, Title I) of the late 1950s and early 1960s that paid farmers
Soil_Bank_Program
SOIL RESEARCH
SOIL RESEARCH
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Soil
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Made by Soil
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi
A Friend; Soft Natured
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Soil; Dust
Girl/Female
Egyptian
Soil.
Boy/Male
Indian
Soil; Soft
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Christian, Hebrew, Irish, Latin, Swedish
Peaceful; Prayed for; Sun
Boy/Male
Hindu
Beautiful
Female
Spanish
Spanish name derived from the Latin word sol, SOL means "sun." This was a common name for Spanish girls in the Middle Ages. Compare with masculine Sol.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Love to Meet different persons, A friend
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Moon; Good Character
Boy/Male
Latin American Hebrew
Sun.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Soil, Dust
Boy/Male
Arabic, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Parsi, Telugu
Beautiful; Moon Glow; Star; Moon Light
Male
English
 Short form of English Solomon, SOL means "peaceable." Compare with another form of Sol.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Soil
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant of Soule.
Boy/Male
Latin
Of the forest.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Earth; Soil
Male
Greek
 Short form of Greek SolomÅn, SOL means "peaceable." Compare with another form of Sol.
SOIL RESEARCH
SOIL RESEARCH
Boy/Male
Tamil
The Sun, Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
British, Christian, Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Latin
A Compound of Lee; Wood; To Twine Around
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Gil, GILL means "pledge-bright."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : apparently a habitational name from a minor place, perhaps Cudmore Farm in Bampton, Devon, which is named with the Old English personal name Cudda + Old English mÅr ‘moor’, ‘marsh’.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Base
Girl/Female
Greek
A nymph.
Boy/Male
American, British, Christian, English, Hindu, Indian
Hidden; Obvious; Whether Hidden or Obvious; Favour; Grace
Biblical
scattering the battle
Boy/Male
Irish
Old hero.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Moving, help.
SOIL RESEARCH
SOIL RESEARCH
SOIL RESEARCH
SOIL RESEARCH
SOIL RESEARCH
v. i.
To soil one's self with severe labor; to work with painful effort; to labor; to toil; to drudge.
v. i.
To become soiled; as, light colors soil sooner than dark ones.
n.
Fig.: Entanglement; toil; mesh; perplexity.
v. t.
To smear or rub over with oil; to lubricate with oil; to anoint with oil.
n.
Anything resembling a sail, or regarded as a sail.
v. i.
See Soul, v. i.
n.
The leader; the inspirer; the moving spirit; the heart; as, the soul of an enterprise; an able general is the soul of his army.
v. t.
To indue with a soul; to furnish with a soul or mind.
n.
That which soils or pollutes; a soiled place; spot; stain.
v. t.
To daub; to make dirty; to soil; to defile.
n.
To make dirty or unclean on the surface; to foul; to dirty; to defile; as, to soil a garment with dust.
v. t.
To blunt; to dull; to spoil; as, to foil the scent in chase.
n.
Dung; faeces; compost; manure; as, night soil.
v. t.
To enrich with soil or muck; to manure.
v. t.
To defile; to soil.
n.
To set sail; to begin a voyage.
v.
To render turbid by stirring up the dregs or sediment of; as, to roil wine, cider, etc. , in casks or bottles; to roil a spring.
n.
A leaf or very thin sheet of metal; as, brass foil; tin foil; gold foil.
v. t.
To render useless by injury; to injure fatally; to ruin; to destroy; as, to spoil paper; to have the crops spoiled by insects; to spoil the eyes by reading.
v. t.
To feed, as cattle or horses, in the barn or an inclosure, with fresh grass or green food cut for them, instead of sending them out to pasture; hence (such food having the effect of purging them), to purge by feeding on green food; as, to soil a horse.