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Election held purely for show, with no real choice or impact
A sham election, or show election, is an election that is held purely for show; that is, without any significant political choice or real impact on the
Sham_election
Process by which a population chooses the holder of a public office
blackmailing, bribery, intimidation or physical violence. A sham election, or show election is an election that is held purely for show; that is, without any significant
Election
up snap election". AP News. 23 January 2026. Retrieved 23 January 2026. "Polls close on first day of Myanmar's widely criticised 'sham' election". BBC.
List_of_elections_in_2026
Illegal interference with the process of an election
unacceptable, outside the spirit of an election or in violation of the principles of democracy. Sham elections, featuring only one candidate, are sometimes
Electoral_fraud
poll results indicating Lukashenko's decisive victory, the election was described as a sham by critics. Lukashenko faced no serious challenge on the ballot
2025 Belarusian presidential election
2025_Belarusian_presidential_election
Topics referred to by the same term
Sham or sham in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Sham may refer to: Al-Sham or Shām (شام), the Arabic term for the Greater Syria region Bilad al-Sham
Sham
solidify de facto one-party rule in the country, and were dismissed as sham elections by the international community. They resulted in a widely expected landslide
2018 Cambodian general election
2018_Cambodian_general_election
Korea's sham election". Time. Retrieved 24 April 2015. Tertitskiy, Fyodor (13 March 2026). "How small changes in North Korea's upcoming election could signal
Elections_in_North_Korea
presidential election, which he won by a landslide with over 95% of the popular vote. The election was widely dismissed internationally as an illegitimate sham election
Next Syrian presidential election
Next_Syrian_presidential_election
general elections around the world in sovereign states. The general elections listed are for the government of each jurisdiction. These elections determine
List of next general elections
List_of_next_general_elections
President of Turkmenistan since 2022
73 percent of the vote in the country's presidential election, considered to be a sham election, succeeding his father's 18-year-long autoritarian tenure
Serdar_Berdimuhamedow
Sham election
Sham elections took place in Russian-occupied Ukraine on 8–10 September 2023, on common election day, one year after the Russian annexation of Donetsk
2023 elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine
2023_elections_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine
Plurality voting system
most elections. However, the combination of partisan primaries and a two-party system in these jurisdictions means that most American elections behave
First-past-the-post_voting
Former general and 10th Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)
"Viewpoint: Pakistan's dirtiest election in years". BBC News. 23 July 2018. Fair, C. Christine (1 August 2018). "Pakistan's Sham Election". Foreign Affairs. ISSN 0015-7120
Qamar_Javed_Bajwa
Prime Minister of Bangladesh since 2026
20 November 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2026. "Bangladesh holding 'sham' election: Exiled opposition leader Tarique Rahman". Al Jazeera. 4 January 2024
Tarique_Rahman
some constituencies on 19 November. The elections were condemned domestically and internationally as a sham. Rights groups condemned the atmosphere of
2022 Bahraini general election
2022_Bahraini_general_election
American academic administrator and politician (born 1972)
Burgess (March 21, 2018). "Sasse rips Trump for congratulating Putin on 'sham' election win". Politico. Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved
Ben_Sasse
Presidency with no term limit
stood periodically for re-election. However, in most cases, these were sham elections which guaranteed them re-election. Dictator Democratic backsliding
President_for_life
Method by which voters make a choice between options
system is a set of rules and mechanisms used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments and also in
Electoral_system
Military alliance in Myanmar
Alliance increased their rejection of the junta by denouncing the election as a sham despite the junta promising constitutional protection for several
Three_Brotherhood_Alliance
Elections featuring President of Russia
presidential elections even though Putin is all but assured a win". NPR. "'Everything in Russia is fraudulent': Inside Putin's 'sham' election". ABC News
Electoral history of Vladimir Putin
Electoral_history_of_Vladimir_Putin
described the poll as a sham election, as many prominent opposition parties had been barred from participating in it. The elections had the lowest voter
2018 Venezuelan presidential election
2018_Venezuelan_presidential_election
Syrian state from 1963 to 2024
Corrective Revolution. The next year, Assad became president after winning sham elections. After assuming power, Assad reorganised the state along sectarian lines
Ba'athist_Syria
Method for allocating seats in parliaments
worked-through example for non-experts relating to the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom written by Christina Pagel for UK in a Changing Europe
D'Hondt_method
American salesman and actor (born 1964)
director. He is best known for infomercials for his own products including "ShamWow!", an absorbent towel; the "Slap Chop", a kitchen utensil; a lint roller
Vince_Offer
Bangladeshi cricket executive (1969 – 2015)
ISBN 978-0-231-70143-3. Retrieved May 29, 2012. "Bangladesh holding 'sham' election: Exiled opposition leader Tarique Rahman". Al Jazeera. 2024-01-04. Archived
Arafat_Rahman
Weakly optimal allocation of resources
ratio Other Ballot Center squeeze Election threshold First-preference votes Liquid democracy Nomination rules Sham election Spoilt vote Sortition Unseating
Pareto_efficiency
Federal Bundestag election regulation
The German federal election system regulates the election of the members of the national parliament, called the Bundestag. According to the principles
Electoral_system_of_Germany
ahead of the 2010 Myanmar general election, which is widely viewed as a sham election. 2010 Operation Olympic Games, against Iranian nuclear facilities, allegedly
List_of_cyberattacks
(16 September 2021). "Russia's Crazy Sham Election". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 3 November 2021. "Spoiled elections The BBC dissects the dirty tactics used
2021 Russian legislative election
2021_Russian_legislative_election
criticised 'sham' election". BBC News. Retrieved 30 December 2025. Delauney, Guy (29 December 2025). "Kosovo's ruling party wins election after months
2025_in_politics
Invalid ballot that is not counted
being expressed Nonviolent resistance Noon Against Putin Refused ballot Sham election Wasted vote Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project, Residual Votes Attributable
Spoilt_vote
President of Mexico from 1914 to 1920
Madero's challenge to Díaz during the 1910 presidential election. Madero was defeated in a sham election and imprisoned. Madero ordered an overthrow of the
Venustiano_Carranza
Variant of party-list voting system
pre-decided who will receive the seats allocated to that party in the elections, so that the candidates positioned highest on this list tend to always
Closed_list
(27 July 2018). "Pakistan's Sham Election". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 6 August 2018. "Blow after blow dims re-election hopes of Pakistan's ruling party"
2018 Pakistani general election
2018_Pakistani_general_election
Ukrainian local elections (Kyiv) 2014 Ukrainian presidential election (25 May 2014) (Opinion polling) 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election (26 October 2014)
Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian war
Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war
State in Somalia
December 2018, elected President of South West State in an arranged sham election that was predetermined and rigged in his favour. The Ethiopian contingent
South_West_State_of_Somalia
presidential election in Russian-occupied areas of Ukraine and would "never recognize the legitimacy or outcome of these sham elections held in sovereign
Elections_in_Russia
Voting system
congressional elections in 1978, having been introduced for state and local elections in 1975. Between a special election in 2006 and regular elections in 2010
Two-round_system
Retrieved November 28, 2025. "159 lawmakers pick Joe de V Speaker in 'sham' election". GMA News Online. July 23, 2007. Retrieved November 28, 2025. "174
List of speakers of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
List_of_speakers_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines
Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–1993; 1998–2023)
though he intends to rule until at least 2028. The 2018 elections were dismissed as sham elections by the international community, the opposition party having
Hun_Sen
his intention to run as a candidate in the 2024 elections, describing elections in Russia as a "sham" in which "the only winner [referring to Putin] is
2024 Russian presidential election
2024_Russian_presidential_election
2023 rebel military operation in Myanmar
candidates partaking in it and its conduct as a sham election. The Election Commission has scheduled elections in Loikaw, Bawlakhe, Demoso,. and Hpruso townships
Operation_1111
State that exercises extreme control over civil society and liberties
constitutional referendum, he declared himself the president for life through a sham election. After Duvalier's death in 1971, his son Jean-Claude (Baby Doc) succeeded
Police_state
Autocratic form of government
the opposition is not permitted to win, often referred to as "sham elections". Elections allow a dictatorship to exercise some control over the opposition
Dictatorship
Spoiler effect in RCV and two-round systems
2022 special election (where Nick Begich III was eliminated in the first round by Sarah Palin) as well as the 2007 French presidential election, where moderate
Center_squeeze
Washington Post Editorial Board (27 August 2025). "Rubio's refusal to condemn sham elections faces a test". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 May 2026.
2026 Myanmar presidential election
2026_Myanmar_presidential_election
es Salaam during election day, with demonstrators burning tyres, blocking roads, and denouncing what they described as a "sham election". Clashes were reported
2025 Tanzanian election protests
2025_Tanzanian_election_protests
National election
General elections were held in San Marino on 12 December 1926 to elect the eighth term of the Grand and General Council. It was a sham election, all opposition
1926 San Marino general election
1926_San_Marino_general_election
Document used to cast votes in an election
A ballot is a device used to cast votes in an election and may be found as a piece of paper or a small ball used in voting. It was originally a small ball
Ballot
Leader of Nicaragua (1979–1990; since 2007)
US media — that it was a "Soviet-style sham" election. Some[which?] opposition parties boycotted the election, allegedly under pressure from US embassy
Daniel_Ortega
Selection of decision-makers by random sample
power, along with calls for making sortition more consequential than elections, as it was in Athens, Venice, and Florence. Athenian democracy developed
Sortition
Archived from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021. "Syria's sham election guarantees 1 thing - Bashar Assad will win". DW.COM. Archived from the
2021 Syrian presidential election
2021_Syrian_presidential_election
Political term about incumbents losing elections
election List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2015 Canadian federal election List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2019 Canadian federal election List
Unseating
1974 revolution in Portugal and its colonies
local elections where an independent candidate who was allowed to run did actually win, those were exceedingly rare and the vast majority were sham elections
Carnation_Revolution
Voting systems that use ranked ballots
ballots) to reduce the incidence of wasted votes and unrepresentative election results.[citation needed] A form of the single transferable vote (STV)
Ranked_voting
Government system where political power lies with the people
the world's populations lived in nominal democracies that experienced sham elections, and other forms of subterfuge (particularly in "Communist" states and
Democracy
Type of electoral system
the rule establishes that obtaining a plurality is sufficient to win the election, since a majority (absolute majority) is not required. Under single-winner
Plurality_voting
Single-winner ranked-choice electoral system
ranked voting election system where one or more eliminations are used to simulate multiple rounds of voting as done in a runoff election. The purpose is
Instant-runoff_voting
Type of mixed electoral system
provided by some mixed electoral systems which combine local winner-take-all elections with a compensatory tier with party lists, in a way that produces proportional
Mixed-member proportional representation
Mixed-member_proportional_representation
Election with coercion or fraud
and rose to power, and all subsequent elections and referendums held under the Nazi regime were sham elections.[citation needed] 1990: The Pakistan Muslim
Unfair_election
1802 Treaty during the War of the Second Coalition
the Batavian Republic and its new constitution that was ratified by a sham election and brought the republic into closer alignment with its dominant partner
Treaty_of_Amiens
Number of votes a candidate needs to win
electoral quota is the number of votes a candidate needs to be guaranteed election in some proportional representation systems where a formula other than
Electoral_quota
Kazakh protests
appeared alone on the ballot and won 98% of the vote in what was seen as a sham election. In June 1992, demonstrations were held in Alma-Ata by the Azat, Jeltoqsan
Kazakh_opposition
City in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine
Retrieved 16 October 2025. "In occupied Mariupol, Russian invaders hold a sham election". The Economist. 16 March 2024. Retrieved 11 August 2024. "Russia's
Mariupol
Indian politician
Legislative Assembly election Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly "Jammu North, J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Sham Lal Sharma defeats
Sham_Lal_Sharma
Multi-winner electoral system
someone are equivalent to those produced by proportional representation election systems based on lists. STV systems can be thought of as allowing solid
Single_transferable_vote
Proportional-representation electoral system
constituency is allocated according to the national distribution of votes. An election threshold can be set to reduce political fragmentation, and any list party
Sainte-Laguë_method
Family of voting systems
political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to the number of votes the party
Party-list proportional representation
Party-list_proportional_representation
Daily log of ongoing military conflict
preparation for an offensive towards Lyman. Russia began holding local sham elections in occupied areas of Ukraine until 10 September. During polling, the
Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (1 September – 30 November 2023)
Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_September_–_30_November_2023)
Proportional-representation voting system
transferable vote electoral system of proportional representation used for elections in Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory. With its use in 1909
Hare–Clark_electoral_system
Romanian political party, 1926-1947
Mihalache responded: "Mr Carol would do best to leave us alone." During the sham election of June 1939, the FRN administration took care to prevent interference
National_Peasants'_Party
Measure of equal representation
Annales scientifiques de l'école Normale Supérieure. Vol. 27. 1910. General Election 2019: Turning votes into seats, Published Friday, 10 January, 2020, Roderick
Seats-to-votes_ratio
Vote supporting only a single candidate
who tied with Thomas Jefferson in the Electoral College during the 1800 election after one Jefferson-Burr elector forgot to truncate their block plurality
Bullet_voting
South African politician (1930–2013)
forming Anti-SAIC committees to oppose the sham election. Though the majority of Indians boycotted the election, the government still kept on to their plan
Amina_Cachalia
Way to distribute seats in a legislative body
apportionment rules. The simplest and most universal principle is that elections should give each vote an equal weight. This is both intuitive and stated
Apportionment_(politics)
Form of voting that allows delegation
representatives would wield as many votes as they received in the previous election. Oregon held a referendum on adopting such an electoral system in 1912
Proxy_voting
President of Belarus since 1994
diplomatic relations. His re-election in the 2025 presidential election was described as a sham by the opposition and the European parliament. Such isolation
Alexander_Lukashenko
Extreme form of authoritarianism and a theoretical concept
not held responsible to the public by periodic secret and competitive elections; and employs its unlimited power to control all aspects of society, including
Totalitarianism
1951 film
the communist and Nazi ideologies by showing scenes of forced labor, sham elections, kangaroo courts and parades held by the armed forces or by regime-controlled
The_Big_Lie_(1951_film)
Grouping of candidates for election
An electoral list is a grouping of candidates for election, usually found in proportional or mixed electoral systems, but also in some plurality electoral
Electoral_list
Keith Jones (17 January 2005). "Canada to lead chorus of support for sham election in Iraq - World Socialist Web Site". Retrieved 9 June 2015. Boston.com[permanent
January 2005 Iraqi parliamentary election
January_2005_Iraqi_parliamentary_election
American tongue-in-cheek political phrase
limited basis in the partly-free election of March 1933 and then on a universal basis in all of the sham elections and referendums the Nazis held thereafter
Vote_early_and_vote_often
Violent overthrow in Sierra Leone
Leone following the 1978 Sierra Leonean constitutional referendum, a sham election where 97% of the population voted in favor of one-party rule. Despite
Sergeants' Coup (Sierra Leone)
Sergeants'_Coup_(Sierra_Leone)
Point-based ranked voting system
effects of more candidates on the election are unbounded, it is possible for any political party to win an election by running enough clones. Common implementations
Borda_count
Proportional-representation voting system
{\frac {\text{total votes}}{{\text{total seats}}+1}}} and is applied to elections in South Africa.[citation needed] The Hare quota is more generous to less-popular
Quota_method
American lawyer (born 1968)
(March 19, 2024). "Fraud, coercion, 90%+ for Putin: how Russia staged a sham election in occupied Ukraine". Euromaidan Press. Retrieved June 29, 2024. Hall
Dan_Kovalik
Elections where only a part of the body is elected at a time
Staggered elections are elections where only some of the places in an elected body are up for election at the same time. For example, United States senators
Staggered_elections
Burmese politician (born 1952)
Union Election Commission. Retrieved 6 January 2026. Peck, Grant (3 January 2026). "Myanmar junta fails in bid to force high turnout for sham elections".
Khin_Yi
Belarusians vote in 'sham' polls, Lukashenko reveals re-election plan". Al Jazeera. 25 February 2024. "Belarus: 2024 elections will not be 'free and
2024 Belarusian parliamentary election
2024_Belarusian_parliamentary_election
provocation and conspiracy to commit terrorist acts. The elections were described as a sham by the European Union, the Organization of American States
2021 Nicaraguan general election
2021_Nicaraguan_general_election
the vote a "sham election". Observers from the Commonwealth of Independent States and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation called the election "open, free
2015 Uzbek presidential election
2015_Uzbek_presidential_election
The 2007 Sham Shui Po District Council election was held on 18 November 2007 to elect all 21 elected members to the 26-member District Council. Before
2007 Sham Shui Po District Council election
2007_Sham_Shui_Po_District_Council_election
Function that ranks states of society according to their desirability
also used by democratic governments to choose between several options in elections, based on the preferences of voters; in this context, a social choice
Social_welfare_function
2022 annexation of areas in Ukraine
so-called "elections" in a number of territories of Ukraine". Apa.az. Retrieved 9 September 2023. "No:475/23, Statement on sham "elections" in certain
Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts
Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts
Non-proportional electoral system
block plurality voting, is a type of block voting method for multi-winner elections. Each voter may cast as many votes as the number of seats to be filled
Plurality_block_voting
Criterion that prevents lesser-evil voting
result by honestly ranking their favorite candidate first. The Center for Election Science argues systems that violate the favorite betrayal criterion strongly
Sincere_favorite_criterion
Province in Cagayan Valley, Philippines
who criticized the 1973 Philippine constitutional plebiscite as a sham election. He disappeared without a trace in August 1980 after unknown men tried
Cagayan
Capital city of Cagayan, Philippines
who criticized the 1973 Philippine constitutional plebiscite as a sham election. He disappeared without a trace in August 1980 after unknown men tried
Tuguegarao
Decision rule that selects alternatives that have a majority
decision rule treats each alternative or candidate equally (a free and fair election). Decisiveness: if the vote is tied, adding a single voter (who expresses
Majority_rule
SHAM ELECTION
SHAM ELECTION
Female
English
 Anglicized form of Welsh Siân, SHAN means "God is gracious." Compare with another form of Shan.
Female
English
Feminine variant spelling of English unisex Shea, probably SHAE means "hawk-like."Â
Biblical
son of Noah|Ham, hot; heat; brown
Female
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Shea, possibly SHAY means "hawk-like."Â
Male
English
 Variant spelling of English Chad, possibly SHAD means "battle." Compare with another form of Shad.
Boy/Male
English, Hindu, Indian
Strong Person; Lord Krishna; Darker Skin Tone; Evening
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Isham. The surname is no longer found in the U.K. In the U.S. it occurs chiefly in MD.The name is first recorded in Northamton Co., VA, when Daniel Esham came over as an indentured servant in 1651.
Male
Hebrew
(ש×Öµ×) Hebrew name SHEM means "conspicuous position, name, renown, sigma." In the bible, this is the name of a son of Noah.
Male
Hebrew
(ש×Ö·×™) Aramaic and Hebrew name SHAI means "gift."
Male
English
 Variant spelling of English unisex Shea, possibly SHAY means "hawk-like." Compare with another form of Shay.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Northamptonshire named Isham, from the river name Ise (of Celtic origin) + Old English hÄm ‘homestead’ or hamm ‘promontory’ or ‘enclosure hemmed in by water’.
Male
Hebrew
 Variant spelling of Aramaic/Hebrew Shai, SHAY means "gift." Compare with another form of Shay.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly southwestern England)
English (mainly southwestern England) : variant spelling of Hamm.French : habitational name from any of the various places in northern France (Ardennes, Pas-de-Calais, Somme, Moselle) named with the Germanic word ham ‘meadow in the bend of a river’, ‘water meadow’, ‘flood plain’.Dutch : variant of Hamme.Korean : there is only one Chinese character for the Ham surname. Some sources report that there are sixty different Ham clans, but only the KangnÅng Ham clan can be documented. Although some records have been lost and a few generations are unaccounted for, it is known that the founding ancestor of the Ham clan is Ham Kyu, a KoryÅ general who fought against the Mongol invaders in the thirteenth century. His ancestor, Ham HyÅk, was a Tang Chinese general who stayed in Korea after Tang China helped Shilla unify the peninsula during the seventh century. Another of Ham HyÅk’s ancestors, Ham Shin, accompanied Kim Chu-wÅn, the founding ancestor of the KangnÅng Kim family, to the KangnÅng area, and hence the Ham clan became the KangnÅng Ham clan. The first prominent ancestor from KangnÅng whose genealogy can be verified is Ham Kyu, the KoryÅ general. Accordingly, he is regarded as the KangnÅng Ham clan’s founding ancestor.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Quiet, Tranquillity, Calm, Abstract meditation on brahman, Quietism personified as a son of Dharma, Epithet of Vishnu
Male
English
Unisex short form of English Samantha and Samuel, both SAM means "heard of God," "his name is El," or "name of God."
Boy/Male
Muslim
Shah. King.
Male
Hindi/Indian
(शà¥à¤¯à¤¾à¤®) Hindi name derived from the Sanskrit element syama, SHYAM means "black, blue." In mythology, this is a name belonging to Krishna.
Male
Hebrew
(×—Ö¸×) Hebrew name CHAM means "blackness" or "heat." In the bible, this is the name of Noah's second son. The Anglicized form is Ham.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : variant of Whan.English : topographic name for someone who lived in a corner or angle or land, from Old English hwamm ‘corner’, or a habitational name from Wham in County Durham, named with this word.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Cham, HAM means "blackness" or "heat." In the bible, this is the name of Noah's second son.Â
SHAM ELECTION
SHAM ELECTION
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Mirror of Lord Krishna; Name of Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Indian
Persevering
Boy/Male
Tamil
Generous, **, Liberal
Male
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of German Ludwig, LUDVIG means "famous warrior."
Boy/Male
Indian
Old Arabic name
Boy/Male
Tamil
Warrior
Girl/Female
Tamil
Tanvisree | தநà¯à®µà¯€à®·à¯à®°à¯€
Beautiful
Girl/Female
Indian
Surname or Lastname
English
English : evidently from Old English blÅd ‘blood’, but with what significance is not clear. In Middle English the word was in use as a metonymic occupational term for a physician, i.e. one who lets blood, and also as an affectionate term of address for a blood relative.Welsh : Anglicized form of Welsh ap Llwyd ‘son of Llwyd’ (see Lloyd).
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : unexplained; possibly a habitational name from a lost or unidentified place.
SHAM ELECTION
SHAM ELECTION
SHAM ELECTION
SHAM ELECTION
SHAM ELECTION
v. t.
To form a seam upon or of; to join by sewing together; to unite.
n.
Deceptiveness; a deception; a sham.
n.
See Shawm.
n.
The cause or reason of shame; that which brings reproach, and degrades a person in the estimation of others; disgrace.
v. t.
To put in or on some place with force and loud noise; -- usually with down; as, to slam a trunk down on the pavement.
v. t.
To mark with something resembling a seam; to line; to scar.
n.
A sham dealer; one who colludes with a defendant in a sham prosecution.
a.
Mock; counterfeit; sham.
n.
A thin layer or stratum; a narrow vein between two thicker strata; as, a seam of coal.
a.
False; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as, a sham fight.
n. sing. & pl.
Any one of several species of food fishes of the Herring family. The American species (Clupea sapidissima), which is abundant on the Atlantic coast and ascends the larger rivers in spring to spawn, is an important market fish. The European allice shad, or alose (C. alosa), and the twaite shad. (C. finta), are less important species.
imp. & p. p.
of Sham
n.
A European shad; -- called also twaite shad. See Shad.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Sham
n.
To be ashamed; to feel shame.
a.
Counterfeit; gaudy but worthless; sham.
v. i.
To make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose.
n.
A trick; sham; imposition.
v. t.
To make ashamed; to excite in (a person) a comsciousness of guilt or impropriety, or of conduct derogatory to reputation; to put to shame.
v. t.
To make the appearance of a seam in, as in knitting a stocking; hence, to knit with a certain stitch, like that in such knitting.