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Selenium is an essential mineral micronutrient for animals, though it is toxic in large doses. In plants, it sometimes occurs in toxic amounts as forage
Selenium_in_biology
Osteoporosis – Skeletal disorder Potassium in biology Selenium in biology Sodium in biology "Magnesium (In Biological Systems)". Van Nostrand's Scientific
Magnesium_in_biology
Chemical element with atomic number 34 (Se)
It seldom occurs in this elemental state or as pure ore compounds in Earth's crust. Selenium (from σελήνη 'moon') was discovered in 1817 by Jöns Jacob
Selenium
Iodine in biology Magnesium in biology Membrane potential – Electric potential difference between interior and exterior of a biological cell Selenium in biology
Potassium_in_biology
Magnesium in biology Membrane potential – Electric potential difference between interior and exterior of a biological cell Potassium in biology Selenium in biology
Sodium_in_biology
Biology and pharmacology of chemical elements Iodine in biology Magnesium in biology Osteoporosis – Skeletal disorder Potassium in biology Selenium in
Calcium_in_biology
iodism. Biology and pharmacology of chemical elements Calcium in biology Magnesium in biology Potassium in biology Selenium in biology Sodium in biology Venturi
Iodine_in_biology
cells and bacteria. It uses various additives (fat acids, albumins and selenium) to facilitate cellular and bacterial growth. Borchardt, Ronald T.; Smith
Modified_Chee's_medium
Selenium-enriched yeast extract sold as animal fodder additive
Selenium yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) grown in a selenium-rich media. It contains selenium in the form of organic and inorganic compounds
Selenium_yeast
Prostate cancer prevention trial
Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial, or SELECT, was a clinical trial conducted with the goal of determining whether vitamin E and selenium
Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial
Selenium_and_Vitamin_E_Cancer_Prevention_Trial
Azerbaijani nuclear physicist (1918–1993)
«Элм», 1974 Selenium in Biology. Abdullayev H.B. "Elm", Baku, 1974. Селен в Биологии. Г.Б.Абдуллаев. Баку., Изд. «Элм», 1974 Selenium Fritter. Abdullayev
Hasan_Abdullayev
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cell levels in mouse brains increase post-exercise. Mice engineered to lack SEPP1 did not increase neural precursors. Selenium in biology GRCh38: Ensembl
SEPP1
Medical researcher
their food; the role selenium plays as a micro-nutrient with significant health benefits; In 2013 he won the NIH Pioneer Award. In 2021, he was elected
Vadim_N._Gladyshev
Selenium responsive proteins within human biology, are the class of proteins sensitive to selenium, in healthy human beings, in cancer patients, in in-vivo
Selenium_responsive_proteins
Selenocysteine biosynthesis enzyme
In enzymology, a L-seryl-tRNASec selenium transferase (EC 2.9.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-seryl-tRNASec + selenophosphate
L-seryl-tRNASec selenium transferase
L-seryl-tRNASec_selenium_transferase
Headings (MeSH) Dolph L. Hatfield, ed. (6 December 2012). Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health. Springer. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-4614-1025-6
Selenotransferase
Study of chemical compounds containing carbon-selenium bonds
containing carbon-to-selenium chemical bonds. Selenium belongs with oxygen and sulfur to the group 16 elements or chalcogens, and similarities in chemistry are
Organoselenium_chemistry
Selenium-containing amino acid
an analogue of the more common cysteine with selenium in place of the sulfur. Selenocysteine is present in several enzymes (for example glutathione peroxidases
Selenocysteine
Type of protein
means of safely transporting the very reactive selenium atom throughout the body. Selenoproteins exist in all major domains of life, eukaryotes, bacteria
Selenoprotein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cysteine-rich protein". Behne D, Kyriakopoulos A (2001). "Mammalian selenium-containing proteins". Annual Review of Nutrition. 21: 453–73. doi:10.1146/annurev
Sperm mitochondrial-associated cysteine-rich protein
Sperm_mitochondrial-associated_cysteine-rich_protein
Chemical compound
is the selenium analogue of carbon disulfide (CS2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). This light-sensitive compound is insoluble in water and soluble in organic
Carbon_diselenide
American biochemist and ophthalmic researcher
researcher best known for his research in selenium-based antimicrobial biomaterials and his work in ocular cell biology. He is professor of Ophthalmology &
Ted_W._Reid
Species of tree
tree found growing in forests in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela. The tree is known locally as coco de mono, and accumulates selenium in its tissues. It is
Lecythis_ollaria
Protein family
against peroxynitrite toxicity. The high selenium content of SelP suggests that it may be involved in selenium intercellular transport or storage. The
Selenoprotein_P
Metal in biology, biochemistry, and medicine
nonmetals or metalloids (such as selenium) are beyond the scope of this article. Calcium is the most abundant metal in the eukaryotes and by extension
Biometal_(biology)
American biochemist (1934–2022)
Biochemistry of Selenium was positively reviewed in academic journals. Possible Protective Effect of Selenium Against Human Cancer (1969) Selenium in the Environment
Raymond_Shamberger
Chemical compound
amino acid. The L-selenomethionine enantiomer is the main form of selenium found in Brazil nuts, cereal grains, soybeans, and grassland legumes, while
Selenomethionine
1979 book by Bruno Latour
the selenium content in the water: they checked to see where the assay worked; and indeed, Slovik's idea was right, it worked wherever the selenium content
Laboratory_Life
Chemical element with metallic and nonmetallic properties
classified: carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium and astatine. On a standard periodic table, all eleven elements are in a diagonal region of the p-block
Metalloid
cellular and molecular biology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in the study of cell biology, molecular biology, and related disciplines
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(0–L)
Compound that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules
of colon cancer. In the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT study), vitamin E – alone or combined with selenium – had no effect on
Antioxidant
Chemical compound
Selenoneine (SEN) is a selenium-containing ergothioneine derivative where the selenium (Se) atom replaces a sulfur atom. It is made by microorganisms
Selenoneine
Chemical compound
turpentine, selenium dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide. The selenium dioxide acts as a catalyst while the hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the pinene found in turpentine
Pinocarveol
Substance that an organism uses to live
while all other chemicals are inorganic. Inorganic nutrients include iron, selenium, and zinc, while organic nutrients include, protein, fats, sugars and vitamins
Nutrient
Poisoning caused by mercury chemicals
2019). "Selenium health benefit values provide a reliable index of seafood benefits vs. risks". Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 55 (5):
Mercury_poisoning
Retrieved 2008-04-23. Coughlan, M. P. (1983). "The role of molybdenum in human biology". Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. 6 (S1): 70–77. doi:10.1007/BF01811327
Molybdenum_in_biology
Enzyme
"Escherichia coli formate-hydrogen lyase. Purification and properties of the selenium-dependent formate dehydrogenase component". The Journal of Biological Chemistry
Formate dehydrogenase (acceptor)
Formate_dehydrogenase_(acceptor)
Chemical element with atomic number 74 (W)
tungsten-requiring enzyme to be discovered also requires selenium, and in this case the tungsten-selenium pair may function analogously to the molybdenum-sulfur
Tungsten
Enzyme family protecting the organism from oxidative damages
have been shown to be selenium-containing enzymes, whereas GPx6 is a selenoprotein in humans with cysteine-containing homologues in rodents. GPx1, GPx2
Glutathione_peroxidase
Chemical element with atomic number 3 (Li)
Understanding of Lithium Action in Basic Biology and its Significance for Applied Biology". The Journal of Membrane Biology. 250 (6). Springer Science and
Lithium
Chemical element with atomic number 15 (P)
Retrieved 2025-06-07. Walsh, Christopher T (2020-10-30). The Chemical Biology of Phosphorus. The Royal Society of Chemistry. doi:10.1039/9781839162312
Phosphorus
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Ellingsen S (October 2014). "Selenium prevents downregulation of antioxidant selenoprotein genes by methylmercury". Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 75: 95–104
Glutathione_peroxidase_4
Ancestor of all current life on Earth
S-adenosyl methionine, coenzyme A, ferredoxin, molybdopterin, corrins and selenium. Its genetic code required nucleoside modifications and S-adenosylmethionine-dependent
Last universal common ancestor
Last_universal_common_ancestor
Naturally occurring amino acid
form in acidic solutions. Various derivatives of ergothioneine have been reported in the literature, such as S-methyl-ergothioneine or selenium-containing
Ergothioneine
Study of chemical processes of living organisms
Most rare elements on Earth are not needed by life (exceptions being selenium and iodine), while a few common ones (aluminium and titanium) are not used
Biochemistry
constituents involved in antioxidant activities, such as iron, selenium, and glutathione, and therefore plays an important role in diseases in which oxidant stress
Copper_in_biology
Disorder causing lack of pigmentation
in fish by exposing the eggs to heavy metals (e.g. arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, selenium, zinc). In the wild, albinism is reasonably common in the
Albinism
This is a list of topics in molecular biology. See also index of biochemistry articles. Contents: Top 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V
Index of molecular biology articles
Index_of_molecular_biology_articles
Potential hazard from consuming fish
such as those in New Jersey and Sweden, that take into account selenium as well as mercury levels. Fish often do contain selenium in conjunction with
Mercury_in_fish
Heterocyclic ligand that can complex molybdenum to form a Mo-cofactor
non-protein-bound selenium (thus removing the possibility of selenium in selenocysteine or selenomethionine form), a tungsten-selenium molybdopterin complex
Molybdopterin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Selenium-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SELENBP1 gene. This gene product belongs to the selenium-binding protein family
SELENBP1
Skin disease
shampoo preparations of ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, piroctone olamine and selenium disulfide. Gentle, non-irritating cleansers and moisturizers are often
Seborrhoeic_dermatitis
Organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groups
Gladyshev VN (June 2002). "How selenium has altered our understanding of the genetic code". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 (11): 3565–76. Bibcode:2002MolCB
Amino_acid
Species of yeast
vitamins. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is grown in selenium-rich media to produce a yeast rich in organic selenium compounds that can be more easily absorbed
Saccharomyces_cerevisiae
Class of enzymes
paramagnetic resonance studies show that selenium is coordinated with molybdenum in the catalytically active selenium-dependent enzyme". Proc. Natl. Acad.
Nicotinate_dehydrogenase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX2 gene. This gene is a member of the glutathione peroxidase family encoding a selenium-dependent glutathione
Glutathione_peroxidase_2
Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Molybdenum (Mo), Naphthalene, Lead (Pb), Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn). See also: Hyperaccumulators table – 2: Nickel Hyperaccumulators
List_of_hyperaccumulators
Gradual buildup of substances in an organism
M. P.; Tarun, A. S. (2000). "Selenium in Higher Plants". Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 51: 401–432. doi:10.1146/annurev
Bioaccumulation
Molecular structures and ubiquitous inorganic cofactors found in all domains of life
Fe/Mo−S/Se Cubane and Heterocubane Clusters. 1. Substitution of Sulfur by Selenium in the Series [Fe4X4(YCH3)4]2–; X = S/Se and Y = S/Se". Inorg. Chem. 43
Iron–sulfur_cluster
Protein family
electrons through the binding of a histidine ligand of the cytoplasmic heme b. Biology portal Formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) Formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome-c-553)
Formate_dehydrogenase
Study of the chemical elements and compounds necessary for normal plant life
animal feed is grown on selenium-deficient soils. The use of inorganic selenium fertilizers can increase selenium concentrations in edible crops and animal
Plant_nutrition
Genus of plants
amaranth is particularly rich in manganese (159% DV), phosphorus (80% DV), magnesium (70% DV), iron (59% DV), and selenium (34% DV). Amaranth has a high
Amaranth
Hair that covers a dogs body
well as the production of anti-oxidants. Selenium aids in the promotion of coat growth. Lack of selenium in the diet of a dog can contribute to the occurrence
Dog_coat
Large edible flatfishes
(table). In a 100-gram (3+1⁄2-ounce) reference amount, raw halibut contains rich content (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of protein, selenium (65% DV)
Halibut
Rain that is unusually acidic
D´Alessandro, Walter; Aiuppa, Alessandro (October 23, 2011). "Selenium mobilization in soils due to volcanic derived acid rain: an example from Mt Etna
Acid_rain
Clade of insects
magnesium, potassium, and trace minerals iron, zinc, copper, and selenium. While bee brood is high in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, it contains no
Bee
Species of protist
in culture, 6,000 cells mL−1, was obtained by supplementing cultures with selenium, which is present in soil. The influence of soil-derived selenium on
Pyrodinium
Proteinogenic amino acid
Replacing sulfur with selenium gives selenocysteine. Some foods considered rich in cysteine include poultry, eggs, beef, and whole grains. In high-protein diets
Cysteine
American microbiologist (1946–2021)
including Mono Lake. His research focused on the geomicrobiology of acetylene, selenium, and arsenic. Oremland was an elected fellow of the American Society for
Ronald_Oremland
Cypriot-American chemist (born 1946)
Handbook of Combinatorial Chemistry: Drugs, Catalysts, Materials, 2002 Selenium in Natural Products Synthesis, 1984 K. C. Nicolaou has received numerous
Kyriacos_Costa_Nicolaou
Species of fish
filleted, or as steaks. The fish is extremely high in oil content, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, selenium, niacin, and omega 3, a class of fatty acids, containing
Atlantic_mackerel
Group of natural pigments found in most organisms
chemical processes. It is possible to enrich melanin with selenium instead of sulphur. This selenium analogue of pheomelanin has been successfully synthesized
Melanin
Unicellular algae responsible for the formation of chalk
S2CID 40669114. Araie, H.; T. Obata; Y. Shiraiwa (2003). "Metabolism of selenium in a coccolithophorid, Emiliania huxleyi". J Plant Res. 116: 119. Boisson
Gephyrocapsa_huxleyi
enzyme with systematic name selenophosphate:O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNASec selenium transferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNASec:L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA synthase
O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNASec:L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA_synthase
Swedish professor (born 1966)
biochemistry and biophysics at Karolinska Institute. In 2017 he chairs the Se2017 – 200 Years of Selenium Research Conference. The research of Arnér focuses
Elias_Arnér
Enzyme
thermoaceticum, a tungsten-selenium-iron protein". J. Biol. Chem. 258 (3): 1826–32. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)33062-X. PMID 6822536. Portal: Biology v t e
Formate_dehydrogenase_(NADP+)
Pharmaceutical compound
HR (July 2020). "Metabolic Regulation of Tissue Stem Cells". Trends in Cell Biology. 30 (7): 566–576. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2020.04.004. PMC 8059102. PMID 32359707
Suvomipic
Chemical compound
This reduction can be conducted enantioselectively. Oxidation with selenium dioxide give the aldehyde 2-formylquinoline. Quinaldine has critical point
Quinaldine
Chemical compounds containing sulfur and selenium
In chemistry, a selenosulfide refers to distinct classes of inorganic and organic compounds containing sulfur and selenium. The organic derivatives contain
Selenosulfide
Effect of long-term ergot poisoning
ergometrine". European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 60 (2): 109–116. doi:10.1016/0028-2243(95)02104-z. hdl:2066/223418. ISSN 0301-2115
Ergotism
Class of enzymes
transfer methyl groups to atoms other than nitrogen, for example sulfur and selenium. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those
Amine_N-methyltransferase
Class of chemical compounds
1080/10426509808545976 D. L. Klayman, W. H. H. Gunther Organic Selenium Compounds: Their Chemistry and Biology, Wiley, 1973. ISBN 0-471-49032-6 H. J. Forman, J. Fukuto
Selenenic_acid
Species of shark
Eric A.; Basu, Niladri (2011). "Mercury and selenium levels in lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) in relation to a harmful red tide event". Environmental
Lemon_shark
Annual herb
calcium, selenium, iron, magnesium, and manganese. All parts of the plant are edible. The fresh leaves and dried seeds are the most commonly used in cooking
Coriander
Swedish chemist (1779–1848)
with discovering cerium and selenium, and with being the first to isolate silicon and thorium. Following on his interest in mineralogy, Berzelius synthesized
Jöns_Jacob_Berzelius
Flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae
Dictionary of Medicine, Biology and Allied Sciences: Including the Pronunciation, Accentuation, Derivation, and Definition of the Terms Used in Medicine, Anatomy
Cashew
Mercury cycle – Methane cycle – Ozone–oxygen cycle – Phosphorus cycle – Selenium cycle – Silica cycle – Supercontinent cycle – Vanadium cycle – Wilson cycle
List_of_cycles
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
vultures". Biology Letters. 2 (2): 279–282. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2005.0425. PMC 1618889. PMID 17148382. Naidoo V, Swan GE (2009). "Diclofenac toxicity in Gyps vulture
Diclofenac
Immature soybean pod used as a specialty food
(2022). "Editorial: Everything edamame: Biology, production, nutrition, sensory and economics". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13 976008. doi:10.3389/fpls
Edamame
Chemical compound
nitrone using hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by selenium dioxide. Tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives may be formed in the body as metabolites of some drugs, and
Tetrahydroisoquinoline
copper, molybdenum, selenium and iodine, concentrated more than 30,000 times more than in seawater. Most marine mineral antioxidants act in the cells as essential
History_of_life
Class of enzymes
Yamazaki S (1982). "A selenium-containing hydrogenase from Methanococcus vannielii Identification of the selenium moiety as a selenocysteine residue"
Coenzyme_F420_hydrogenase
Type of metal poisoning
accidental, industrial etc. In addition, it includes poisoning and toxic effects of other metals including tin, selenium, nickel, iron, heavy metals,
Copper_toxicity
Chemical element with atomic number 84 (Po)
and chemically similar to selenium and tellurium, though its metallic character resembles that of its horizontal neighbours in the periodic table: thallium
Polonium
Study of whales, dolphins, porpoises, and other cetaceans
Butterfield, N., Kemper, C.M., Reid, R.J., Sanderson, K: (2008). Metals and selenium in the liver and bone of three dolphin species from South Australia. Science
Cetology
Molecules derived from sulfur chains
– Functional group with the chemical structure R–S–S–H Polyselenide - selenium analog Polytelluride - tellurium analog Polyiodide – Anions composed of
Polysulfide
Hell studied biology at the Technische Universität Darmstadt and obtained his doctorate in plant biology from the University of Cologne in 1989 under the
Rüdiger_Hell
Chemical compound (CH3SeO2H)
been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The configuration about the selenium atom is pyramidal, with Se-C = 1.925(8) Å, Se-O = 1.672(7) Å, Se-OH = 1
Methaneseleninic_acid
Photographic process
particles held in the clear gelatin image layer. Toning is sometimes used for permanence or aesthetic purposes and follows the fixing step. Selenium, gold, and
Gelatin_silver_print
diagnosis and positron emission tomography (PET) in the 1980s. However, its decay product, selenium-75, produces secondary radioactivity with a longer
Isotopes_of_bromine
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