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Type of enzyme
Salvage enzymes are a kind of enzymes, called nucleoside kinases, required during cell division to "salvage" nucleotides, present in body fluids, for
Salvage_enzyme
Biological process
encodes the main enzyme in the pathway. Cancer cells, which have increased NAD requirements, tend to upregulate the pathway. Salvage pathways also exist
Nucleotide_salvage
Medical condition
and adenine. Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase is a purine salvage enzyme. Genetic mutations of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase make large amounts
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
Adenine_phosphoribosyltransferase_deficiency
Chemical compound
8-dihydroxyadenine is excreted in the urine because of a deficiency in the adenine salvage enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. The defect is inherited as an autosomal
2,8-Dihydroxyadenine
Class of chemically related vitamins
a salvage pathway that requires three key enzymes, pyridoxal kinase, pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase, and phosphatases. Inborn errors in the salvage enzymes
Vitamin_B6
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
APIP gene. It is an enzyme with Methylthioribulose 1-phosphate dehydratase activity which is involved in the methionine salvage pathway. APIP deficiency
APIP
Rare genetic disorder
of broken-down cells. This is termed the "salvage pathway".[citation needed] HGPRT is the "salvage enzyme" for the purines: it channels hypoxanthine
Lesch–Nyhan_syndrome
Any of several glycosylamines comprising a nucleobase and a sugar molecule
cycles was presented by Becker et al. Arabinosyl nucleosides Nucleobase Salvage enzyme Synthesis of nucleosides Ramesh, Deepthi; Vijayakumar, Balaji Gowrivel;
Nucleoside
biochemical basis for the inhibition of cell death by APIP, a methionine salvage enzyme". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (1): E54-61.
Methylthioribulose 1-phosphate dehydratase
Methylthioribulose_1-phosphate_dehydratase
Chemical compound which is reduced and oxidized
the salvage pathway which recycles the nicotinamide produced by enzymes utilizing NAD+. The first step, and the rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide
Enzyme found in most living cells
degraded afterwards. Such enzymes are called salvage enzymes. Thymidine kinase 1 is such a salvage enzyme, whereas thymidine kinase 2 and thymidylate synthase
Thymidine_kinase
Class of enzymes
salvage protein declined and the TrpB gene was lost. Finally, the TrpB1 and TrpA genes were fused resulting in the formation the bifunctional enzyme.
Tryptophan_synthase
Enzyme
number is specific to the enzyme itself, not just the reaction it catalyzes. 5'-deoxyadenosine deaminase catalyses the salvage pathway of 5'-deoxyadenosine
5'-deoxyadenosine_deaminase
Enzyme
belongs to the group of N-acetylhexosamine kinases and is a prominent salvage enzyme of amino sugar metabolism in mammals.[supplied by OMIM] NAGK has been
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine_kinase
salvage enzymes. Thymidine kinase 1 is such a salvage enzyme, whereas thymidine kinase 2 is not cell cycle-dependent. Thymidine kinase is a salvage enzyme
Thymidine kinase in clinical chemistry
Thymidine_kinase_in_clinical_chemistry
Class of enzymes
kinase and dependence on guanylate salvage". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 35 (4): 497–501. doi:10.1099/00207713-35-4-497. Enzyme 2.7.1.143 at KEGG Pathway Database
Diphosphate-purine nucleoside kinase
Diphosphate-purine_nucleoside_kinase
Coenzyme acting as an electron carrier in biochemical redox reactions
the salvage pathway, with NAD+ kinase adding the extra phosphate group. ADP-ribosyl cyclase allows for synthesis from nicotinamide in the salvage pathway
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate
Class of enzymes
to produce a nucleobase and ribose-1-phosphate. It is one enzyme of the nucleotide salvage pathways. These pathways allow the cell to produce nucleotide
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase
Purine_nucleoside_phosphorylase
Class of enzymes
Begley TP (February 2008). "Mutagenesis studies on TenA: a thiamin salvage enzyme from Bacillus subtilis". Bioorganic Chemistry. 36 (1): 29–32. doi:10
Aminopyrimidine aminohydrolase
Aminopyrimidine_aminohydrolase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
rate-limiting enzyme of the overall process of converting nucleosides to their deoxynucleoside triphosphate form, or nucleotide form, in the nucleoside salvage pathway
Deoxycytidine_kinase
Process
their components can be salvaged to form new nucleotides. Both synthesis and degradation reactions require multiple enzymes to facilitate these processes
Nucleic_acid_metabolism
Enzyme that converts hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) is an enzyme encoded in humans by the HPRT1 gene. HGPRT is a transferase that catalyzes conversion
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
Hypoxanthine-guanine_phosphoribosyltransferase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and salvage, which recycles cellular uridine and cytidine. UCK2 catalyzes the first step of pyrimidine salvage, and is the rate limiting enzyme in the
UCK2
Enzymes responsible for polyamine metabolism
unknown. This gene encodes an enzyme that plays a major role in polyamine metabolism and is important for the salvage of both adenine and methionine
MTAP
Chemical reactions and pathways involving lysis of purine nucleotides
food) can also be salvaged and reused in new nucleotides. The enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) salvages adenine. The enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine
Purine_metabolism
Class of enzymes
participates in the methionine salvage pathway in the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. The protein component of the enzyme is identical to that in acireductone
Acireductone dioxygenase (iron(II)-requiring)
Acireductone_dioxygenase_(iron(II)-requiring)
participates in the methionine salvage pathway in the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. The protein component of the enzyme is identical to that in acireductone
Acireductone dioxygenase (Ni2+-requiring)
Acireductone_dioxygenase_(Ni2+-requiring)
Class of enzymes
Thiaminase is an enzyme that metabolizes or breaks down thiamine into pyrimidine and thiazole. It is an antinutrient when consumed. The old name was "aneurinase"
Thiaminase
Biological molecules constituting nucleic acids
needed] In vivo, nucleotides can be synthesized de novo or recycled through salvage pathways. The components used in de novo nucleotide synthesis are derived
Nucleotide
Human protein and coding gene
adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). This reaction allows a salvage pathway, in which NAM is recycled from enzymes that use NAD+ (sirtuins, PARPs, CD38) as these produce
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
Nicotinamide_phosphoribosyltransferase
Tryptophan synthase (indole-salvaging) (EC 4.2.1.122, tryptophan synthase beta2) is an enzyme with systematic name L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indole
Tryptophan synthase (indole-salvaging)
Tryptophan_synthase_(indole-salvaging)
Enzyme
Adenosine kinase (AdK; EC 2.7.1.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of gamma-phosphate from Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine (Ado) leading
Adenosine_kinase
Chemical compound
the enzyme ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase: It plays a role in transferring phospho-ribose groups in several reactions, some of which are salvage pathways:
Phosphoribosyl_pyrophosphate
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
AMP deaminase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMPD3 gene. This gene encodes a member of the AMP deaminase gene family. The encoded protein
AMPD3
Class of enzymes
2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate The enzyme participates in the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis. Myers RW, Wray JW, Fish
2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate phosphatase
2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate_phosphatase
InterPro Family
2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate The enzyme participates in the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis. Myers RW, Wray JW, Fish
2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate enolase
2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate_enolase
Mammalian protein found in humans
enzyme encoded by the APRT gene, found in humans on chromosome 16. It is part of the Type I PRTase family and is involved in the nucleotide salvage pathway
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase
Adenine_phosphoribosyltransferase
Mammalian cell culture medium
(the "salvage pathway"), provided that they have the right enzymes, which means having functioning copies of the genes that encode them. The enzyme dihydrofolate
HAT_medium
Class of enzymes
essential component of the purine salvage pathway and the de novo synthesis of purines. Dysfunction of the enzyme would thereby undermine purine metabolism
Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase
Ribose-phosphate_diphosphokinase
Chemical compound
is a natural metabolic product of the oxygenase reaction mediated by the enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCo). RuBisCo catalyzes the fixation
2-Phosphoglycolate
–O– linkage between phosphoric acid and two other compounds
are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond. These enzymes are involved in repairing DNA and RNA sequences, nucleotide salvage, and
Phosphodiester_bond
Family of waxy lipid molecules
novo pathway creates ceramide from less complex molecules. Third, in the "salvage" pathway, sphingolipids that are broken down into sphingosine are reused
Ceramide
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cytidine deaminase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDA gene. This gene encodes an enzyme involved in pyrimidine salvaging. The encoded protein
Cytidine_deaminase
Set of chemical reactions in organisms
acids, and some carbohydrates; and the excretion of metabolic wastes. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow, reproduce, maintain their structures
Metabolism
Key enzyme of photosynthesis involved in carbon fixation
Yokota A (19 June 2007). "RuBisCO-like proteins as the enolase enzyme in the methionine salvage pathway: functional and evolutionary relationships between
RuBisCO
Chemical compound
activity of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes. Because the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes are the rate-limiting steps in the body's biosynthesis
Queuine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Uridine phosphorylase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UPP1 gene. It belongs to the uridine phosphorylase enzyme family. UPP1 has been shown
UPP1
Chemical compound
synthesis from tryptophan and from NA salvage are 'deamidated' pathways, which share a rate-limiting amidation enzyme NADsynthase1 (NADSYN). Disruptions
Nicotinamide_riboside
Enzyme family
Deiodinase (monodeiodinase) is a peroxidase enzyme that is involved in the activation or deactivation of thyroid hormones. Types of deiodinases include:
Deiodinase
Enzyme
Thymidine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.4) is an enzyme that is encoded by the TYMP gene and catalyzes several phosphorolysis reactions which convert pyrimidine
Thymidine_phosphorylase
Chemical reactions and pathways
"A New Pathway for Salvaging the CoenzymeB12 Precursor Cobinamide in Archaea Requires Cobinamide-Phosphate Synthase (CbiB) Enzyme Activity". Journal of
Cobalamin_biosynthesis
Transfusion with a patient's own blood
be collected during and after the surgery using an intraoperative blood salvage device (such as a Cell Saver, HemoClear or CATS). The latter form of autotransfusion
Autotransfusion
2.7.1.52) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + β-L-fucose ADP + β-L-fucose 1-phosphate The enzyme characterised from
Fucokinase
Enzyme which catalyzes the removal of a phosphate group from a molecule
phosphatase is an enzyme that uses water to cleave a phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and an alcohol. Because a phosphatase enzyme catalyzes the
Phosphatase
Class of enzymes
part of a salvage pathway that allows the organisms in which the enzyme occurs to recycle the nucleotide into its component parts. The enzyme has been
Uridine_phosphorylase
Chemical compound
One of these pathways is a salvage pathway. In the salvage pathway, thymidine (dT) undergoes phosphorylation by the enzyme TK1. By phosphorylating dT
Thymidine_monophosphate
Chemical compound
intermediate in the methylthioadenosine (MTA) cycle, also known as the methionine salvage pathway that is universal to aerobic organisms. The pervasive cofactor
5′-Methylthioadenosine
Genetic modification fusing plants into a hybrid
HGPRT and TK are enzymes of the salvage pathway. On a HAT medium, only those cells that have active HGPRT (HGPRT+) and TK (TK+) enzymes can proliferate
Somatic_fusion
Group of simple sugar and carbohydrate compounds
synthesize nucleotides. Both de novo and salvage require PRPP which is synthesized from ATP and ribose 5-phosphate by an enzyme called PRPP synthetase. Ribokinase
Ribose
2000 (2000-02-11) An invisible alien race inhabits a spaceship and causes a salvage team to go insane. Starring Brad Johnson and Michael Shanks. 114 5 "Breaking
List of The Outer Limits (1995 TV series) episodes
List_of_The_Outer_Limits_(1995_TV_series)_episodes
Class of enzymes
protein domain SAICAR synthase is an enzyme which catalyses a reaction to create SAICAR. In enzymology, this enzyme is also known as
Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase
Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide_synthase
Chemical compound
nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD+ salvage pathway. P7C3-A20 exhibits proneurogenic and neuroprotective properties
P7C3-A20
acid and restore the enzyme. Omega-amidase operates in coordination with glutamine transaminase to finish off the methionine salvage cycle in bacteria and
Omega-amidase
Class of enzymes
"Purification and characterization of an enzyme involved in oxidative carbon-carbon bond cleavage reactions in the methionine salvage pathway of Klebsiella pneumoniae"
Acireductone_synthase
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
AMP deaminase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMPD1 gene. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase is an enzyme that converts adenosine monophosphate
AMP_deaminase
Essential nutrient found in citrus fruits and other foods
species must acquire it from dietary sources because a gene for a synthesis enzyme has mutations that render it dysfunctional; humans obtain this vitamin from
Vitamin_C
Chemical compound
and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (both intermediates in glycolysis). The enzyme ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase converts ribose-5-phosphate into phosphoribosyl
Ribose_5-phosphate
Chemical compound
Biopterins are pterin derivatives which function as endogenous enzyme cofactors in many species of animals and in some bacteria and fungi. The prototypical
Biopterin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MRI1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000037757 – Ensembl,
MGC3207
JD, Escalante-Semerena JC (2004). "CbiZ, an amidohydrolase enzyme required for salvaging the coenzyme B12 precursor cobinamide in archaea". Proc. Natl
Adenosylcobinamide_hydrolase
RNA family
carefully regulate genes involved in both the de novo biosynthesis and salvage (recycling) of NAD⁺ and its many derivatives. Two classes of NAD riboswitches
NAD-II_riboswitch
Chemical compound
thymidine phosphates' relevance in the salvage pathway, nucleotide synthesis, and metabolic sugar-nucleotide pathways, enzymes that produce or consume TDP are
Thymidine_diphosphate
Class of enzymes
product is used by all fucosyltransferases. This is a salvage pathway for L-fucose. This enzyme is a transferase, specifically one transferring phosphorus-containing
Fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase
Fucose-1-phosphate_guanylyltransferase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
AMP deaminase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMPD2 gene. High AMPD2 expression levels correlate with poor patient outcome and a proliferative
AMP_deaminase_2
Chemical compound
biogenesis by inactivating the enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-3-enolpyruvyltransferase, also known as MurA. This enzyme catalyzes the committed step in
Fosfomycin
Nucleotide containing ribose as its pentose component
RNA. Deoxyribonucleotides, formed by reducing ribonucleotides with the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), are essential building blocks for DNA. There
Ribonucleotide
Genetic disorder leading to severe impairment of the immune system
nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) gene. PNP is a key enzyme in the purine salvage pathway. Impairment of this enzyme causes elevated dGTP levels resulting in T-cell
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Severe_combined_immunodeficiency
Enzyme which generates DNA
A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme that uses an RNA molecule as a template to synthesize a complementary DNA molecule, through a process termed
Reverse_transcriptase
Dietary supplement and medication
by the enzyme nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1, producing 3500 tons per annum of nicotinamide for use in animal feed. The enzyme allows
Nicotinamide
Class of enzymes
A nucleotidase is a hydrolytic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a nucleotide into a nucleoside and a phosphate. A nucleotide + H2O = a nucleoside
Nucleotidase
Chemical compound
this process, the pyridinium ring of NaAD is first carboxylated by the enzyme LarB to create dinicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (DaAD), which is then
Nickel_pincer_mononucleotide
Chemical compound
neuroprotective chemicals function by activating the rate-limiting enzyme in NAD salvage". Cell. 158 (6): 1324–34. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.040. PMC 4163014
P7C3
Chemical compound
synthase reductase) enzymes. The other pathway uses TMG (trimethylglycine) to drive the BHMT (betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase) enzyme. Transsulfuration
Homocysteine
Protein family
inositol-containing compounds, including phospholipids, either directly or by salvage. The enzyme exists in a cytoplasmic form in a wide range of plants, animals,
Inositol-3-phosphate_synthase
Family of viruses
invading a host cell's cytoplasm, the virus uses its own reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome, the reverse of the usual pattern, thus
Retrovirus
Fictional character
young actor who was disfigured in a car accident. In a desperate bid to salvage his career, he began abusing an industrial make-up chemical known as "Re-Nu"
Clayface
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Uridine-cytidine kinase-like 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UCKL1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000198276 – Ensembl, May 2017
UCKL1
Medical condition
increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine since the enzyme adenosine deaminase is important in the purine salvage pathway; both substances are toxic to immature
Adenosine deaminase deficiency
Adenosine_deaminase_deficiency
Human protein and coding gene
cells, one in cytosol and one in mitochondria. Activity of the cytosolic enzyme is high in proliferating cells and peaks during the S-phase of the cell
Thymidine_kinase_1
Class of enzymes
(EC 2.7.1.48) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + uridine ADP + uridine monophosphate The enzyme characterised from
Uridine_kinase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing protein 1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDHD1A gene. It encodes a pseudouridine-5'-phosphatase
HDHD1A
Enzymes that catalyze DNA formation
family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, the molecular precursors of DNA. These enzymes are essential
DNA_polymerase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
family of metal-binding enzymes, which are involved in methionine salvage. This enzyme may regulate mRNA processing in the nucleus, and may carry out different
ADI1
Medication
levels occur either spontaneously, or after cytotoxic therapy; certain enzyme disorders which lead to overproduction of urate, for example: hypoxanthine-guanine
Allopurinol
Protein family
kinase is a key component. Thymidine kinase is also a core enzyme with the pyrimidine salvage pathway which is the cell’s recycling system for DNA building
Thymidine kinase from herpesvirus
Thymidine_kinase_from_herpesvirus
Mammalian protein found in humans
Adenosine deaminase (also known as adenosine aminohydrolase, or ADA) is an enzyme (EC 3.5.4.4) involved in purine metabolism. It is needed for the breakdown
Adenosine_deaminase
Pharmaceutical compound
signaling molecule or neurotransmitter. IAA is formed from histamine by the enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO). The compound is biologically active, acting as a
Imidazoleacetic_acid
Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase (AIR synthetase) is the fifth enzyme (EC 6.3.3.1) in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides. It catalyzes
AIR_synthetase_(FGAM_cyclase)
Class of enzymes
regulate methionine levels by acting as a shunt in the salvage pathway. This K. oxytoca enzyme represents a unique example whereby the metal ion present
Dioxygenase
Pharmaceutical drug
disrupting the functions of certain fungal and protozoal membrane-bound enzyme systems. It does this by blocking the synthesis and turnover of the eukaryotic
Posaconazole
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