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Organelle found within the chloroplasts of algae and hornworts
Pyrenoids are sub-cellular phase-separated micro-compartments found in chloroplasts of many algae, and in a single group of land plants, the hornworts
Pyrenoid
Plant organelle that conducts photosynthesis
Starch can also accumulate around the pyrenoids when CO2 is scarce. Pyrenoids can divide to form new pyrenoids, or be produced "de novo". Thylakoids (sometimes
Chloroplast
Phylum of green algae
autospores. Each cell contains a single chloroplast, a variable number of pyrenoids (including lack thereof), and from one to hundreds of flagella without
Chlorophyta
Species of alga
hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, a large cup-shaped chloroplast, a large pyrenoid, and an eyespot apparatus that senses light. Chlamydomonas species are
Chlamydomonas_reinhardtii
Process in plant metabolism
of RuBisCO is densely packed into a single subcellular compartment: the pyrenoid. Carbon dioxide is concentrated in this compartment using a combination
Photorespiration
Genus of algae
and traditionally has been distinguished mainly through the absence of a pyrenoid. Species of Chloromonas occupy a variety of habitats, including soil, temporary
Chloromonas
Genus of algae
nucleus, a single parietal chloroplast and a single pyrenoid lacking a starch sheath (or no pyrenoid at all). Reproduction occurs asexually by autospores
Monoraphidium
Family of single-celled organisms
and multiple plates if diplomorphic". The nucleomorphs are never in the pyrenoid, and there is never a scalariform furrow. The cells do, however, have a
Geminigeraceae
Family of single-celled organisms
nucleomorphs located between the nucleus and the pyrenoid (if present). There may be more than one pyrenoid. The life cycle of these organisms is complex
Cryptomonadaceae
Genus of algae
Cells have one nucleus and a single parietal chloroplast with a single pyrenoid. Reproduction in Sphaerocystis occurs by the formation of autospores or
Sphaerocystis
Division of non-vascular land plants with horn-shaped sporophytes
of the monoplastidic species, a cellular structure called a pyrenoid is absent. The pyrenoid is a liquid-like organelle which enables a more efficient photosynthesis
Hornwort
Genus of algae
by the lack of a pyrenoid in the chloroplast. This characteristic is unclear as some sources list Didymocystis as having pyrenoids, but some species
Didymocystis
Genus of algae
thick walls and each contains a parietal chloroplast with an obscured pyrenoid. Trichophilus reproduces via zoospores of two sizes, each with four flagella
Trichophilus
Genus of algae
rhizoids that can attach to other filaments. Each chloroplast has many pyrenoids. Aegagropila is morphologically similar to, and sometimes indistinguishable
Aegagropila
Genus of algae
green chloroplast, their four-flagellate cell bodies, the presence of a pyrenoid within the chloroplast, and a scale-produced thecal-wall. Species within
Tetraselmis
Species of green alga
worldwide. The species name pyrenoidosa refers to the presence of a prominent pyrenoid within the Chlorella chloroplast. Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa has been
Auxenochlorella_pyrenoidosa
Genus of algae
mucilage. Cells contain a single cup-shaped, parietal chloroplast with one pyrenoid. Chlorococcum reproduces by the formation of autospores or zoospores. The
Chlorococcum
Species of alga
single chloroplast is present, filling nearly the entire cell; it lacks a pyrenoid. It is commonly used as a bioindicator species to assess the levels of
Raphidocelis_subcapitata
Resting or dormant stage of a microorganism
Cyst Cytostome Fimbriae Extrusome Contractile vacuole Eyespot apparatus Pyrenoid Axostyle Mastigont system Ecology and physiology Microbial ecology Microbial
Microbial_cyst
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
accumulate within the cell from where they diffuse into the carboxysomes. Pyrenoids in algae and hornworts also act to concentrate CO2 around RuBisCO. The
Photosynthesis
Genus of algae
chloroplast is parietal and plate-like, at one or both ends, and with one naked pyrenoid. Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2007). "Genus: Nannochloris taxonomy browser"
Nannochloris
Genus of algae
fully circles the cell's circumference. The chloroplast contains a single pyrenoid which is surrounded by a starch envelope. Cells are uninucleate. Older
Ulothrix
Genus of algae
and compressed. Cells contain a cup-shaped chloroplast with one or more pyrenoids and usually an stigma. Two contractile vacuoles are present at the base
Pteromonas
Genus of algae
hexagonal subgroups. Cells contain a parietal chloroplast with many small pyrenoids. Algae in the genus can reproduce asexually or sexually. Asexual reproduction
Water_net
Family of algae
flagella are present. The chloroplast is variable in shape, and a both a pyrenoid and stigma may be present or absent; some taxa are colorless and lack chloroplasts
Dunaliellaceae
Family of cryptomonads
from other cryptomonads by their nucleomorphs being imbedded into the pyrenoid, and the presence of distinctive pigment phycoerythrin 545. Rhodomonas
Pyrenomonadaceae
Genus of algae
centrally located nucleus. Each chloroplast contains a single, often elongated pyrenoid. Cylindrocystis cells are found growing solitarily, sometimes forming aggregrations
Cylindrocystis
Genus of algae
Cells are cylindrical, with a parietal, plate-like chloroplast without pyrenoids or starch. The nucleus is located in the median constriction of the chloroplast
Planctonema
Diverse group of photosynthetic organisms
reticulate, cup-shaped, spiral, or ribbon shaped. They have one or more pyrenoids to preserve protein and starch. The latter chlorophyll type is not known
Algae
Genus of algae
nucleus with a single parietal chloroplast and one to several pyrenoids, but the pyrenoid may be difficult to detect without staining. Asexual reproduction
Schizochlamydella
Species of green algae
cup-shaped. It contains a pyrenoid covered by a starch sheath, which is not covered dorsally. In this same area, one or more pyrenoid peduncles may be present
Dolichomastix_tenuilepis
Genus of algae
cup-shaped chloroplast, which has a single large pyrenoid where starch is formed from photosynthetic products. Pyrenoid with starch sheath is present in the posterior
Chlamydomonas
Genus of algae
gelatinous layer. The chloroplast is parietal and contains a broadly elliptical pyrenoid sheathed in grains of starch. Reproduction occurs through autospores. It
Parachlorella
Genus of algae
spherical to ellipsoidal, 1-10 μm in diameter, with one nucleus and a single pyrenoid-containing chloroplast. Cells are attached to the end of thin stalks; the
Dictyosphaerium
Genus of algae
off-center pyrenoid; in mature cells, the chloroplast may have bifurcations and indentations and eventually forms an irregular network, with the pyrenoid in the
Deasonia
Genus of algae
separated from Leptosira on the basis of having a pyrenoid). However, because Leptosira apparently has a pyrenoid but is difficult to observe, the status of
Leptosira
Genus of algae
this genus is characterized by its unique lobed chloroplast that lacks a pyrenoid, differentiating it from other unicellular red algae. It has drawn interest
Bulboplastis
Species of alga
lateral or basal chloroplast and an indistinct basal pyrenoid or pyrenoid-like body; the pyrenoid may not be visible in young cells or cultures. Reproduction
Botryococcus_braunii
Clade of algae
and large Golgi body. The chloroplast has two membranes and may have a pyrenoid. The chloroplast contains chlorophyll a and b. It belongs to Prasinodermophyta
Palmophyllophyceae
Key enzyme of photosynthesis involved in carbon fixation
including C4 carbon fixation, crassulacean acid metabolism, and the use of pyrenoid. Rubisco side activities can lead to useless or inhibitory by-products
RuBisCO
Genus of algae
single nucleus and several numerous chloroplasts, in most species with pyrenoids. Pterosperma divides asexually in the phycoma stage, forming a large number
Halosphaera
Genus of algae
uninucleate with a single, trough-shaped chloroplast and a pyrenoid; however, the pyrenoid is naked and difficult to see. Asexual reproduction occurs
Desmococcus_(alga)
Genus of unicellular flagellate eukaryotes
presence of pyrenoids is used as an identifying feature of the genus, separating it from other euglenoids, such as Lepocinclis and Phacus. Pyrenoids may be
Euglena
Class of algae
g. Prasiola), numerous and discoid (e.g. Eremosphaera), or parietal. Pyrenoids may be present or absent. In most species, reproduction occurs exclusively
Trebouxiophyceae
Species of alga
conspicuous basal pyrenoid surrounded by a starch sheath. The stigma is small, reddish and situated at the base of the cell near the pyrenoid. Cells contain
Tetraselmis_suecica
Species of green alga
single, bowl-shaped and green but often turns white in old cultures. A pyrenoid is present in the chloroplast. Cells grow rapidly on agar without organic
Chlorella_sorokiniana
Genus of algae
which is band-shaped and may be variously lobed; there are one to five pyrenoids covered in a starch sheath. Chlamydopodium reproduces asexually via biflagellate
Chlamydopodium
Class of algae
one to three mitochondria, a nucleus, a vacuole, and floridean starch. Pyrenoids are absent. Most are extremophiles inhabiting acid hot springs with a
Cyanidiophyceae
Genus of algae
base, an eyespot, and a large cup-shaped chloroplast with at least one pyrenoid. The colonies co-ordinate their flagellar movement to create a rolling
Pandorina
Genus of basal green algae
single chloroplast which contains a central pyrenoid surrounded by grains of starch, as well as another pyrenoid (called the pseudopyrenoid) near the edge
Chlorokybus
Species of green algae
asymmetrical. Cells contain a single chloroplast filling the cell, with a pyrenoid present in the center. This chlorophyte species is notable for the genetic
Tetradesmus_obliquus
Chemical compound
be stored as starch granules and paramylon. Paramylon is made in the pyrenoids of Euglena. The euglenoids have chlorophylls a and b and they store their
Paramylon
Monospecific genus of predatory algae
unequal flagella, a minimum of one chloroplast with three membranes and pyrenoids penetrated by stacks of thylakoids, a robust stigma, a paraflagellar swelling
Rapaza
Genus of algae
Cells are cylindrical, uninucleate, with one parietal chloroplast and pyrenoids. Terminal cells have long, basally swollen hairs attached to them. Asexual
Thamniochaete
Plant cell organelles that perform photosynthesis and store starch
and hornworts may also differ from plant plastids in that they contain pyrenoids. In reproducing, most plants inherit their plastids from only one parent
Plastid
Order of green algae in the class Chlorophyceae
thalloid algae. Vegetative cells lack plasmodesmata. Chloroplasts have pyrenoids which are sometimes transversed by thylakoids and cytoplasmic channels
Chaetopeltidales
Genus of algae
cell wall is smooth. Cells contain a single parietal chloroplast with a pyrenoid, and a central nucleus. It reproduces by forming zoospores with two flagella
Lanceola
Single-celled alga with a silica cell wall
wall at the distal ends of the raphe Frustule; hard and porous cell wall Pyrenoid; center of carbon fixation Plastid membranes (4, secondary red) Inner membranes
Diatom
Species of alga
at the front of the cell. The chloroplast contains a single spherical pyrenoid, located at the middle of the cell. A stigma is absent. The cell nucleus
Chlamydomonas_elegans
Genus of algae
chloroplast, which in turn contains a pyrenoid in its base. The pyrenoid is typically sheathed in starch. The pyrenoid is usually reniform, which distinguishes
Golenkinia
Species of alga
in diameter. The cell contains one central chloroplast that has a naked pyrenoid, ribosomes, starch grains, and numerous small grana stacks composed of
Chlamydomonas_nivalis
Genus of algae
with one nucleus) and contains one parietal chloroplast, each with a pyrenoid. Neodesmus reproduces asexually by forming autospores; two spores are produced
Neodesmus
Genus of algae
are parallel to the long axis of the cell. At the strand junctions are pyrenoids, covered in starch plates. Cells of Oedogonium also contain Golgi bodies
Oedogonium
Species of hornwort
possess, such as their symbiotic relationship with nostoc and their use of pyrenoids to enhance photosynthesis. Anthoceros agrestis grows as a thin, dark green
Anthoceros_agrestis
Family of algae
cells are spherical or with complex polyhedral shapes. Chloroplasts have pyrenoids that are surrounded by continuous starch sheaths. They reproduce via asexual
Neochloridaceae
Genus of algae
protoplast. Cells contain a single large chloroplast filling the cell, with pyrenoids and a stigma. Asexual reproduction occurs by the formation of zoospores
Vitreochlamys
Genus of algae
uninuclate (with one nucleus and contain a single parietal chloroplast with one pyrenoid. Polyedriopsis spinulosa reproduces asexually via the formation of zoospores
Polyedriopsis
Genus of algae
and with a single, parietal chloroplast that may or may not contain a pyrenoid. Asexual reproduction occurs by the formation of autospores; four autospores
Crucigenia
Order of algae
Tetraselmis and Scherffelia differ in the presence/absence of pyrenoids; Tetraselmis contains pyrenoids and Scherffelia does not. Flagella within the genera are
Chlorodendrales
Species of alga
six contractile vacuoles, a parietal chloroplast with several minute pyrenoids, a small red stigma. Nutrition is holophytic.[citation needed] Asexual
Volvox_globator
Genus of algae
(called semicells). Each semicell has a single chloroplast with a central pyrenoid. The nucleus is at the isthmus where the two semicells are joined. Reproduction
Sphaerozosma
Species of alga
length and a single, cup-like chloroplast that often contains a central pyrenoid. The chloroplast can hold large amounts of β-carotene, which makes it appear
Dunaliella_salina
Genus of algae
base. Each cell contains a parietal, net-like chloroplast with several pyrenoids. The cell wall is made of cellulose and is very rigid, and is covered
Bulbochaete
Species of single-celled algae
lens-shaped; at the center of each chloroplast is a pyrenoid with two starch sheaths surrounding the pyrenoid (i.e. double-sheathed). The cell also has numerous
Euglena_gracilis
Species of alga
forked tips. Each semi-cell has a single massive chloroplast, with many pyrenoids mostly in the midregions. Micrasterias furcata is highly variable, with
Micrasterias_furcata
Genus of algae
Cells are cylindrical, with a parietal chloroplast and one to several pyrenoids. Asexual reproduction occurs via zoospores, aplanospores or akinetes.
Gongrosira
Species of seaweed
have linear cell arrangement. Parietal chloroplasts have more than two pyrenoids per cell. The distribution is endemic to Indian West Coast. The species
Ulva_paschima
Genus of green algae
parietal (lying against the inner side of the cell membrane), with a single pyrenoid that is surrounded by grains of starch. Reproduction occurs by the formation
Chlorella
Fatty seed of Theobroma cacao
protection techniques for shipping and storage include the application of pyrenoids[citation needed], as well as hermetic storage in sealed bags or containers
Cocoa_bean
Species of marine chlorophyte green alga
chloroplast is hood-shaped and placed to one side, generally with only one pyrenoid. The species may be 10–30 centimetres (3.9–11.8 in) long and 6–18 millimetres
Ulva_intestinalis
Genus of single-celled organisms
genus of cryptophyte from the family Geminigeraceae. Named for its unique pyrenoids, Geminigera is a genus with a single mixotrophic species. It was discovered
Geminigera
Genus of algae
cup-shaped plastid that takes up the majority of the cell. Its large pyrenoid, which sits in the centre of the chloroplast, is another defining feature
Dunaliella
Genus of algae
contain a single nucleus, one parietal chloroplast containing a single pyrenoid, a stigma, and two apical contractile vacuoles. Cecidochloris reproduces
Cecidochloris
Species of hornwort
cells is that each contains a single large chloroplast with a central pyrenoid (a protein structure involved in carbon fixation). On its underside, the
Phaeoceros_carolinianus
present in plants, pyrenoid-based CCMs, is found only in the hornwort lineage. In this mechanism, RuBisCO is concentrated in the pyrenoid, a membraneless
Evolutionary history of plants
Evolutionary_history_of_plants
Genus of algae
coccoid. Cells contain a single parietal, lobed chloroplast with or without pyrenoids, as well as oil droplets and carbohydrates. The species Phyllosiphon arisari
Phyllosiphon
Genus of algae
thereof). Cells have one chloroplast filling the cell, each with a single pyrenoid. Although Monactinus was first described by August Carl Joseph Corda in
Monactinus
Genus of algae
uninucleate (i.e. with one nucleus) and one chloroplast containing a single pyrenoid. Reproduction occurs asexually via the formation of autospores or zoospores
Paradoxia
Phylum of algae
parts of the cell Vesicles Dense vesicle Plastid membranes (two, primary) Pyrenoid; center of carbon fixation Isthmus Polar lobe Lateral lobe First order
Charophyta
Species of single-celled organism
with a brown to reddish coloration, which has two chloroplasts without pyrenoids. However, in 2013 a taxon with the same scientific name but different
Cryptomonas_phaseolus
Species of alga
stalk various algae. The single chloroplast is parietal with a single pyrenoid. Epiphytic on other marine algae. and eastern Canada Recorded from Svalbard
Characium_marinum
Genus of algae
contains one nucleus and a single parietal chloroplast, each with one pyrenoid. When mature, cultures may form a deep red color due to the presence of
Coelastrella
Genus of hornworts
once the cyanobacterial colonies have been established. Mycorrhiza and pyrenoids are absent. Male plants have been found in Panama. Hässel de Menéndez
Leiosporoceros
Genus of algae
cylindrical, with one nucleus and a parietal chloroplast with one to several pyrenoids. One or several setae may emerge from the upper surface of a cell; they
Aphanochaete
Genus of algae
base to tip. Cells have a single cup-shaped chloroplast with a single pyrenoid. Bristles consist of protein and lack cellulosic fibers; they are produced
Micractinium
Family of algae
pieces. In all genera except for one, chloroplasts contain one or more pyrenoids. Adult cells are multinucleate, continuously adding more nuclei as the
Actinochloridaceae
Genus of single-celled organisms
structural association with the pyrenoid. The chloroplast has two lobes and is shaped like the letter H. The pyrenoid sits between the two lobes of the
Rhodomonas
Genus of algae
multiple pyrenoids. Pyrenoids are specialised structures within the chloroplast that play a crucial role in the synthesis of starch. These pyrenoids are encircled
Asterochloris
Genus of algae
(containing one nucleus) and has one parietal chloroplast each with one or more pyrenoids. Dimorphococcus reproduces asexually via autospores, with four spores
Dimorphococcus
Class of green algae
Oedogonium). In many species, there may be one or more storage bodies called pyrenoids (central proteinaceous body covered with a starch sheath) that are localised
Chlorophyceae
PYRENOID
PYRENOID
PYRENOID
PYRENOID
Girl/Female
Hindu
Modesty, Education
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly West Country)
English (chiefly West Country) : variant of Gosse.German : from the Germanic personal name Gozzo, a short form of the various compound names with the first element gÅd ‘good’ or god, got ‘god’.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Telugu
Pure; More Meaningful
Boy/Male
Tamil
Kritarth | கà¯à®°à¯€à®¤à®¾à®°à¯à®¤
Girl/Female
Arthurian Legend
Daughter of Cavalon.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Pure, Sacred, Virtuous
Male
English
English form of French Jérôme, JEROME means "holy name."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ilavalagan | இலாவலகந
Young and handsome
Girl/Female
Welsh
Derived from the Welsh words for neat and fair.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Softness
PYRENOID
PYRENOID
PYRENOID
PYRENOID
PYRENOID
n.
A transparent body found in the chromatophores of certain Infusoria.