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Plant cell organelles that perform photosynthesis and store starch
A plastid is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms. Plastids are considered to be intracellular
Plastid
DNA located in cellular organelles called chloroplasts
with labels on the outside are on the A strand. Notches indicate introns. Plastid DNA (ptDNA), also known as chloroplast DNA (cpDNA or ctDNA) in photosynthetic
Plastid_DNA
Evolution
A plastid is a membrane-bound organelle found in plants, algae and other eukaryotic organisms that contribute to the production of pigment molecules.
Plastid_evolution
Plant organelle that conducts photosynthesis
(/ˈklɔːrəˌplæst, -plɑːst/ KLOR-ə-plast, -plahst) is a type of organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. Chloroplasts
Chloroplast
Plastid terminal oxidase or plastoquinol terminal oxidase (PTOX) is an enzyme that resides on the thylakoid membranes of plant and algae chloroplasts
Plastid_terminal_oxidase
Evolutionary theory
cells from prokaryotic organisms. The theory holds that mitochondria, plastids such as chloroplasts, and possibly other organelles of eukaryotic cells
Symbiogenesis
Pigment-bearing organelle in plant cells
Chromoplasts are plastids, heterogeneous organelles responsible for pigment synthesis and storage in specific photosynthetic eukaryotes. It is thought
Chromoplast
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
inside eukaryotes. Plants and various groups of algae have plastids as well as mitochondria. Plastids, like mitochondria, have their own DNA and are developed
Eukaryote
Type of plastid, double-enveloped organelles in plant cells
Amyloplasts are a type of plastid, double-enveloped organelles in plant cells that are involved in various biological pathways. Amyloplasts are specifically
Amyloplast
inactivated, modified or new foreign genes are inserted into the DNA of plastids like the chloroplast instead of nuclear DNA. Currently, the majority of
Transplastomic_plant
Diverse group of photosynthetic organisms
cryptophyte plastids (as in the previous models), and subsequently the haptophyte plastids; and another that originated the ochrophyte plastids, where the
Algae
Organelles found in plant cells
molded") are a category of plastid and as such are organelles found in plant cells. They are non-pigmented, in contrast to other plastids such as the chloroplast
Leucoplast
Plant plastidial gene
Maturase K (matK) is a plant plastidial gene. The protein it encodes is an organelle intron maturase, a protein that splices Group II introns. It is essential
Maturase_K
Form of algae symbiosis
whereby plastids, notably chloroplasts from algae, are sequestered by the host. The algae is eaten normally and partially digested, leaving the plastid intact
Kleptoplasty
Special nuclei in certain plastids
nuclei found between the inner and outer pairs of membranes in certain plastids. They are thought to be vestiges of red and green algal nuclei that were
Nucleomorph
Genus of unicellular archaeplastids
flagellated predator containing a non-photosynthetic plastid. This group is important to the understanding of plastid evolution because they provide insight into
Rhodelphis
Genus of dinoflagellates
characterised by their green colour caused by a plastid derived from Pedinophyceae, a green algae group. This plastid has retained chlorophyll a and b, which
Lepidodinium
Proposed eukaryotic kingdom
similar features in their photosynthetic organelles (plastids). It includes all eukaryotes whose plastids contain chlorophyll c and are surrounded by four
Chromista
Non-photosynthetic plastid in Apicomplexa
An apicoplast is a derived non-photosynthetic plastid found in most Apicomplexa, including Toxoplasma gondii, and Plasmodium falciparum and other Plasmodium
Apicoplast
extending from plastids in plant cells. Stromules (stroma-filled tubules) are highly dynamic structures extending from the surface of all plastid types, including
Stromule
Aquatic, unicellular protists with two flagella
Most Dinoflagellates have a plastid derived from secondary endosymbiosis of red algae, however dinoflagellates with plastids derived from green algae and
Dinoflagellate
Clade of protists
algae have been argued to possess a monophyletic plastid lineage in common, i.e. acquired their plastids from a red alga, and so it seems likely that the
Alveolate
Clade of eukaryotes containing land plants and some algae
cells have pigment-bearing membrane-bound organelles called plastids, and most of their plastids contain the red/blue light-sensitive photopigment chlorophyll
Archaeplastida
List of plastid genomes whose DNA sequence is known
plastome is the genome of a plastid, a type of organelle found in plants and in a variety of protists. The number of known plastid genome sequences grew rapidly
List_of_sequenced_plastomes
(Zea mays). Initially the project was limited to plant plastids, under the name of the Plastid PDB, but was expanded and renamed Plant PDB in November
Plant_Proteome_Database
Paraphyletic group of eukaryotes
membrane-bound organelle: the plastid. This primary endosymbiosis event gave rise to three autotrophic clades with primary plastids: the (green) plants (with
Green_algae
Genus of single-celled organisms
/gəˈlɑɹdiə/ is a genus of marine biflagellate cryptomonad algae with a plastid obtained through secondary endosymbiosis of a red alga. Originally identified
Guillardia
Organelles in plant cells
category of organelles known as plastids. Plastids are specialized double-membrane organelles found in plant cells. Plastids perform a variety of functions
Proteinoplast
Intermediate type of plastid
Etioplasts are an intermediate type of plastid that develop from proplastids that have not been exposed to light, and convert into chloroplasts upon exposure
Etioplast
Plant cell organelle
A gerontoplast is a type of organelle known as a plastid, which develops from a chloroplast during the senescing of plant foliage. Gerontoplast development
Gerontoplast
Underground stem in which various plants asexually reproduce via budding
anatomy Plant morphology (glossary) Plant cells Cell wall Phragmoplast Plastid Plasmodesma Vacuole Tissues Cork Ground tissue Mesophyll Meristem Storage
Rhizome
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
their plastids, which are surrounded by two membranes, through primary endosymbiosis in two separate events, by engulfing a cyanobacterium. The plastids in
Photosynthesis
Part of a plant
non-pigmented organelles capable of alternating between the different forms of plastids. The elaioplast specifically is primarily responsible for the storage and
Elaioplast
Genetic code found in bacteria, archaea, and plant plastids
The bacterial, archaeal and plant plastid code (translation table 11) is the DNA code used by bacteria, archaea, prokaryotic viruses and chloroplast proteins
Bacterial, archaeal and plant plastid code
Bacterial,_archaeal_and_plant_plastid_code
Division of algae
reproduction in glaucophytes. The plastids of glaucophytes are known as 'muroplasts', 'cyanoplasts', or 'cyanelles'. Unlike the plastids in other organisms, they
Glaucophyte
Subphylum of red algae
Stylonematophyceae H. S. Yoon, K. M. Müller, R. G. Sheath, F. D. Ott & D. Bhattacharya Plastid genomes of Proteorhodophytina are large, highly diversified, and intron-rich
Proteorhodophytina
Clade of eukaryotes
Many stramenopiles have plastids which enable them to photosynthesise, using light to make their own food. Those plastids are coloured off-green, orange
Stramenopile
Phylum of parasitic alveolates
form of organelle structure that comprises a type of non-photosynthetic plastid called an apicoplast—with an apical complex membrane. The organelle's apical
Apicomplexa
Type of eukaryotic cell present in green plants
walls containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, the presence of plastids with the capability to perform photosynthesis and store starch, a large
Plant_cell
Phylum of algae
chlorophyll b, cellulose in the cell wall and the use of starch, stored in the plastids, as a storage polysaccharide. The charophytes and embryophytes share several
Charophyta
Genus of flowering plants in the celery family Apiaceae
restriction fragment patterns from plastid DNAs digested by BamHI revealed only small differences between plastid DNAs of cv. Danvers and subsp. gummifer
Daucus
Clade of eukaryotes
Archaeplastids acquired their plastids directly from primary endosymbiosis with a cyanobacterium, while all other algae have plastids originating from a secondary
Diaphoretickes
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
particle Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondrion Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu "Nanobacterium"
Virus
Membrane enclosed compartments in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria
precursors between the endoplasmic reticulum and inner membrane of the plastid envelope and transported from the inner membrane to the thylakoids via
Thylakoid
DNA inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
for the majority of the genome in eukaryotes, with mitochondrial DNA and plastid DNA coding for the rest. It adheres to Mendelian inheritance, with information
Nuclear_DNA
Group of flowering plants
characterized by the loss of one of the two 25-kb inverted repeats in the plastid genome that are found in most land plants. It is consistently resolved
Inverted_repeat-lacking_clade
Group of algae and colorless flagellates
are a superclass of algae and colorless flagellates, most of which have plastids. They are traditionally considered a division of algae among phycologists
Cryptomonad
Family of monocot flowering plants
(2009). "Phylogeny of Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae) inferred from nuclear plastid DNA loci reveals the evolution of the tank habit within the subfamily"
Bromeliaceae
Phylum of alveolates
apical complex and plastids derived from an event of secondary endosymbiosis with a red alga. The photosynthetic ability of these plastids was eventually
Chrompodellid
mitochondrial genomes, see list of sequenced plant mitochondrial genomes, For plastid genomes, see list of sequenced plastomes. See also List of sequenced algae
List of sequenced plant genomes
List_of_sequenced_plant_genomes
Reproductive structure in flowering plants
anatomy Plant morphology (glossary) Plant cells Cell wall Phragmoplast Plastid Plasmodesma Vacuole Tissues Cork Ground tissue Mesophyll Meristem Storage
Flower
Order of dicot flowering plants
Brassicales families along with their estimated ages, based on a 2018 study of plastid DNA: On 20 April 2020, a newly described monotypic species from Namibia
Brassicales
Genus of trees
enigmatic for a long time, but a recent phylogenetic analysis based on 73 plastid genes found it to be sister to Icacinaceae. It is now placed in the order
Oncotheca
List of tallest living trees, by species
anatomy Plant morphology (glossary) Plant cells Cell wall Phragmoplast Plastid Plasmodesma Vacuole Tissues Cork Ground tissue Mesophyll Meristem Storage
List_of_tallest_trees
Species of single-celled organism
to apicomplexans, a group of aleovates that carry a non-photosynthetic plastid called the apicoplast. The apicomplexans include many parasites important
Chromera
Plankton that can both photosynthesize and eat other organisms
which benefits from its photosynthesis, or they digested, except for the plastids, which continue to perform photosynthesis (kleptoplasty). Recognition of
Mixoplankton
Genus of flowering plants in the birthwort family Aristolochiaceae
because of the somatic structure of this root parasite. One of the smallest plastid genomes among flowering plants has been found in the genus Hydnora. As
Hydnora
Phylum of algae
In particular, they are characterized by photosynthetic organelles or plastids enclosed by four membranes, with membrane-bound compartments called thylakoids
Ochrophyte
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
as do many foraminifers and radiolarians, or they may only engulf the plastids and discard the rest. Among exclusively heterotrophic protists, variation
Protist
eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria contain mitochondrial DNA Plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) contain plastid DNA The traits encoded by this type of DNA, in animals
Organellar_DNA
Subfamily of flowering plants
Phylogenetic relationships of aroids and duckweeds (Araceae) inferred from coding and noncoding plastid DNA. American Journal of Botany, 95(9), 1153-1165. v t e
Zamioculcadoideae
Species of flowering plants in the rock rose family Cistaceae
biogeography and character evolution of Cistaceae (Malvales) based on analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-trnF sequences". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 9 (2):
Cistus_ladanifer
Eudicot order of flowering plants
use of data from a large number of genes. They included analyses of 82 plastid genes from 58 species (ignoring the problematic Rafflesiaceae), using partitions
Malpighiales
Genus of single-celled organisms
organelle integration since structures and organelle genomes in the tertiary plastids are not reduced. Like some dinoflagellates, species in Durinskia may cause
Durinskia
Protein family
organisms. Proteins homologous to the mitochondrial oxidase and the related plastid terminal oxidase have also been identified in bacterial genomes. The oxidase
Alternative_oxidase
Family of flowering plants
; Burleigh, J. G.; Soltis, D. E. (2010). "Phylogenetic analysis of 83 plastid genes further resolves the early diversification of eudicots". Proceedings
Dilleniaceae
Type of storage glucan
for carbon storage. Based on review of the genetic complement of modern plastid genomes, the last common ancestor of the Archaeplastida is hypothesized
Floridean_starch
Tribe of grasses
relationships within the bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) based on five plastid markers" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 67 (2): 404–413
Arundinarieae
Order of monocot flowering plants
Chase, Mark W.; Antonelli, Alexandre; Arias, Tatiana (25 March 2021), "Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family
Asparagales
Basic unit of life forms
of Plastids: Genomic View on the Unification and Diversity of Plastids". In Wise, R. R.; Hoober, J. K. (eds.). The Structure and Function of Plastids. Advances
Cell_(biology)
Heterotrophic protistan or metazoan members of the plankton ecosystem
mixotrophs, which can obtain energy and carbon from a mix of internal plastids and external sources. Many marine microzooplankton are mixotrophic, which
Zooplankton
Family of flowering plants known as broomrapes
hemiparasitism to holoparasitism within Orobanchaceae.[citation needed] Plastid genes group all parasitic members of the Orobanchaceae, both hemiparasitic
Orobanchaceae
Family of flowering plants
"Molecular phylogenetics of Phyllanthaceae inferred from five genes (plastid atpB, matK, 3'ndhF, rbcL, and nuclear PHYC)". Molecular Phylogenetics and
Phyllanthaceae
Plant material preserved for scientific uses
anatomy Plant morphology (glossary) Plant cells Cell wall Phragmoplast Plastid Plasmodesma Vacuole Tissues Cork Ground tissue Mesophyll Meristem Storage
Botanical_specimen
Species of plant
divergence times estimates of Lilium section Liriotypus (Liliaceae) based on plastid and nuclear ribosomal ITS DNA sequence data". Turkish Journal of Botany
Lilium_albanicum
Root vegetable of India
from slices of Ram Kand Mool. Its purity was searched on agarose gel. The plastid locus for maturase k was selected to identify the plant species. The similarity
Ram_Kand_Mool
Group of protists
potential sister group to haptophytes detected through environmental DNA of plastids. Adl, Sina M.; Bass, David; Lane, Christopher E.; Lukeš, Julius; Schoch
Haptista
Organism composed of cells of different genotypes
arise by spontaneous or induced mutation of a plastid gene, followed by the sorting-out of two kinds of plastid during vegetative growth. Alternatively, after
Chimera_(genetics)
Western North American fern
Range According to a molecular phylogeny of Polystichum ferns based on plastid DNA sequences, P. munitum is most closely related to other North American
Polystichum_munitum
Order of monocot flowering plants, including lilies
Cohen, James I.; et al. (2013), "Contrasting patterns of support among plastid genes and genomes for major clades of the monocotyledons", in Wilkin, Paul;
Liliales
Domain of organisms
particle Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondrion Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu "Nanobacterium"
Archaea
Group of transport proteins
outer membrane of mitochondria, and the outer chloroplast membrane (outer plastid membrane). Porins are composed of beta sheets (β sheets) made up of beta
Porin_(protein)
Group including fungi, animals and various protozoa
Wilken, Susanne; et al. (17 November 2021). "Single cell genomics reveals plastid-lacking Picozoa are close relatives of red algae" (PDF). Nature Communications
Amorphea
One of two clades of flowering plants
Charles D. Bell, Pamela S. Soltis, and Douglas E. Soltis (2007). "Using plastid genome-scale data to resolve enigmatic relationships among basal angiosperms"
Mesangiospermae
Genus of palms
Trachycarpeae, although its placement within the subtribe is uncertain based on plastid DNA. Asmussen, Conny B.; John Dransfield; Vinnie Deickmann; Anders S. Barfod;
Colpothrinax
Species of liverwort
of this species are white as a result of lacking chlorophyll, and their plastids do not differentiate into chloroplasts. Aneura mirabilis is a subterranean
Aneura_mirabilis
Genus of palms
"Phylogeny and divergence times of Bactridinae (Arecaceae, Palmae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences". Taxon. 60 (2): 485–498. Bibcode:2011Taxon.
Bactris
Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae
Ferula (Apiaceae) is confounded by incongruence between nuclear rDNA and plastid DNA". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 188 (2): 173–189. doi:10
Ferula_assa-foetida
Eukaryotic supergroup that comprises stramenopiles, alveolates and rhizarians
alongside haptophytes and cryptomonads, being believed to have acquired plastids through secondary endosymbiosis of red algae through a common ancestor
SAR_supergroup
Phylogenetic group described in January 2024
particle Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondrion Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu "Nanobacterium"
Obelisk_(biology)
German botanist (1875–1933)
considered to be the father of plant virology. He discovered the inheritance of plastids. In 1908 Baur demonstrated a lethal gene in the Antirrhinum plant. In 1909
Erwin_Baur
Species of parasitic conifer from New Caledonia
plastid genome were entirely absent or present only as fragments. They were predominantly genes involved in photosynthetic, rather than other plastid
Parasitaxus
Division within flowering plants
(2004). "A phylogeny of legumes (Leguminosae) based on analysis of the plastid matK gene resolves many well-supported subclades within the family". Am
Non-protein amino acid-accumulating clade
Non-protein_amino_acid-accumulating_clade
Species of flowering plants in the rock rose family
biogeography and character evolution of Cistaceae (Malvales) based on analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-trnF sequences". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 9 (2):
Cistus_creticus
Species of alga
retention of V. litorea plastids by cells in the digestive diverticula. Due to the secondary evolution of plastids, V. litorea's plastids are surrounded by
Vaucheria_litorea
Family of flowering plants
Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: a combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL DNA sequences". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
Malvaceae
Kingdom of life
particle Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondrion Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu "Nanobacterium"
Animal
Genus of flowering plants
monocot order Liliales based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis using four plastid loci: matK, rbcL, atpB and atpF-H". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
Tricyrtis
Monospecific genus of predatory algae
divergence of R. viridis, the remaining Euglenophyceae acquired permanent plastids from Pyramimonas. The genus name Rapaza comes from Latin rapax 'seizing'
Rapaza
Genus of flowering plants in the family Plantaginaceae
"Phylogeny of Veronica in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres based on plastid, nuclear ribosomal and nuclear low-copy DNA". Molecular Phylogenetics and
Veronica_(plant)
PLASTID
PLASTID
PLASTID
PLASTID
Boy/Male
Hindu
Ruler of the forest, The lion
Male
German
Modern German form of Old High German Heribert, HERBERT means "bright army."Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : possibly a habitational name from Canwell in Staffordshire, named with either Old English canne ‘can’, ‘cup’ or the Old English personal name Cana + well(a) ‘spring’, ‘stream’. The surname is common in Ireland as well as England.
Boy/Male
Indian
The wrapped one
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Braden, BRAIDEN means "salmon."Â
Girl/Female
Egyptian
Born second.
Boy/Male
Assamese, Indian
Live
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Good Looking
Female
Hindi/Indian
Variant spelling of Hindi Sita, SEETHA means "furrow."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Astrit | அஸà¯à®¤à¯à®°à®¿à®¤
Invincible, Gold
PLASTID
PLASTID
PLASTID
PLASTID
PLASTID
n.
One of the plastids composing the idorgan of Haeckel; -- also called homoorgan.
n.
Alt. of Plastide
n.
One of the many minute granules found in the protoplasm of vegetable cells. They are divided by their colors into three classes, chloroplastids, chromoplastids, and leucoplastids.
n. pl.
Same as Protoza.
n.
A simple, minute organism; a primary cell, germ, or plastid.
n.
A morphological unit, consisting of two or more plastids, which does not possess the positive character of the person or stock, in distinction from the physiological organ or biorgan. See Morphon.
n.
An undifferentiated aggregate of cells or plastids.
n.
A permanent colony of cells or plastids which may remain isolated, like Rotifer, or may multiply by gemmation to form higher aggregates, termed zoides.
n.
A formative particle of albuminous matter; a monad; a cytode. See the Note under Morphon.
n.
One of the small particles or organic molecules of protoplasm.