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Topics referred to by the same term
scheduling algorithm Proportional control, a type of linear feedback control system Proportionality (law), a legal principle Proportionality (International
Proportionality
Property of two varying quantities with a constant ratio
are proportional or directly proportional if their corresponding elements have a constant ratio. The ratio is called coefficient of proportionality (or
Proportionality_(mathematics)
Voting system that makes outcomes proportional to vote totals
reduces proportionality in list systems, and any insufficiency in the number of levelling seats reduces proportionality in mixed-member proportional (MMP)
Proportional_representation
Apportionment approach
philosophical justifications of degressive proportionality have been proposed.. Degressive proportionality can be achieved through various methods, and
Degressive_proportionality
Several distinct principles of law
Proportionality is a general principle in law which covers several separate (although related) concepts: The concept of proportionality is used as a criterion
Proportionality_(law)
Type of mixed electoral system
systems designed to achieve proportionality are still called MMP, even if they generally fall short of full proportionality in practice. In this case,
Mixed-member proportional representation
Mixed-member_proportional_representation
Assumption that big events have big causes
environments on mental frameworks, and subsequently proportionality bias. The mechanisms related to proportionality bias effect behaviour in the everyday – a common
Proportionality_bias
division. Using proportionality as the fairness criterion has no such negative implications. An additional advantage of proportionality is that it is compatible
Proportional_division
Multi-winner electoral system
another. STV is a family of multi-winner proportional representation electoral systems. The proportionality of its results and the proportion of votes
Single_transferable_vote
Criterion for proportional representation
Proportionality for solid coalitions (PSC) is a criterion of proportionality for ranked voting systems. It is an adaptation of the quota rule to voting
Proportionality for solid coalitions
Proportionality_for_solid_coalitions
Ethical theory
Proportionalism is a moral theological view developed in the 1960s by Roman Catholic theologians. It proposes that when a decision is made, it is necessary
Proportionalism
Concept in missile guidance systems
missile's instantaneous velocity vector, N {\displaystyle N} is the proportionality constant generally having an integer value 3-5 (dimensionless), λ ˙
Proportional_navigation
Linear feedback control system
Proportional control, in engineering and process control, is a type of linear feedback control system in which a correction is applied to the controlled
Proportional_control
challenges remaining in the design of energy proportional computers. Furthermore, the concept of energy proportionality is not inherently restricted to computing
Energy_proportional_computing
Family of electoral systems
Markus; McCune, David; Peters, Jannik (2025). "Proportionality in Practice: Quantifying Proportionality in Ordinal Elections". arXiv:2505.00520 [cs.GT]
Semi-proportional representation
Semi-proportional_representation
1997 United States Supreme Court case
enact RFRA because the law was not designed to have "congruence and proportionality" with the substantive rights that the Court had defined. Although Congress
City_of_Boerne_v._Flores
Phenomenon of deformation due to structural stress
detecting such movement is very difficult. Proportionality limit Up to this amount of stress, stress is proportional to strain (Hooke's law), so the stress-strain
Yield_(engineering)
Graphical set representation involving overlapping shapes
An Euler diagram (/ˈɔɪlər/, OY-lər) is a diagrammatic means of representing sets and their relationships. They are particularly useful for explaining complex
Euler_diagram
Theorem concerning ratios of line segments
The intercept theorem, also known as Thales's theorem, basic proportionality theorem or side splitter theorem, is an important theorem in elementary geometry
Intercept_theorem
Multiple-winner electoral system
laminar proportionality. Two alternative rules that satisfy priceability and laminar proportionality, and that have comparably good proportionality-related
Proportional_approval_voting
Control loop feedback mechanism
A proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller, or three-term controller, is a feedback-based control loop mechanism commonly used to manage machines
PID_controller
Gaseous ionization detector
avalanche. The proportionality between the energy of the charged particle traveling through the chamber and the total charge created makes proportional counters
Proportional_counter
Fair item allocation problem
Proportional item allocation is a fair item allocation problem, in which the fairness criterion is proportionality - each agent should receive a bundle
Proportional_item_allocation
Method for allocating seats in parliaments
which are of whole numbers, are as proportional as possible. Although all of these methods approximate proportionality, they do so by minimizing different
D'Hondt_method
Measure of organism response to stimulus
The dose–response relationship, or exposure–response relationship describes the magnitude of the response of a biochemical or cell-based assay or an organism
Dose–response_relationship
Proportional-representation electoral system
e.g. a party with 30% of votes would receive 30% of seats. Exact proportionality is not possible because only whole seats can be distributed. Different
Sainte-Laguë_method
Criterion for evaluating fairness of electoral systems
Degressive proportionality (sometimes progressive proportionality) accords smaller groups more representatives than they are proportionally entitled to
Justified_representation
Semi-proportional representation system
however, a relatively small majority bonus (such as in the reinforced proportionality system of Greece) may not always guarantee that a single party can
Majority_bonus_system
Super envy-freeness implies strong envy-freeness, which implies strong proportionality. Barbanel, Julius (1996). "Game-theoretic algorithms for fair and strongly
Strongly proportional division
Strongly_proportional_division
Gas law regarding proportionality of dissolved gas
dissolved gas in a liquid is directly proportional at equilibrium to its partial pressure above the liquid. The proportionality factor is called Henry's law constant
Henry's_law
1991 United States Supreme Court case
Punishment Clause bore some kind of proportionality analysis. Yet among those six, three supported a proportionality principle that is highly deferential
Harmelin_v._Michigan
Type of fair division
A proportional cake-cutting is a kind of fair cake-cutting. It is a division of a heterogeneous resource ("cake") that satisfies the proportionality criterion
Proportional_cake-cutting
Relation between peak wavelengths of black body radiation and temperature
black body emission per unit frequency or per proportional bandwidth, one must use a different proportionality constant. However, the form of the law remains
Wien's_displacement_law
Goods held for resale
reputational damage, and potential loss of customer loyalty). Inventory proportionality is the goal of demand-driven inventory management. The primary optimal
Inventory
Financial regulation in the EU
Article 2(5), point (3), of Directive 2013/36/EU Article 4 defines the proportionality principle, resulting in some exceptions for smaller enterprises which
Digital Operational Resilience Act
Digital_Operational_Resilience_Act
Canadian hybrid proportional electoral system
used as "top-ups" so that overall proportionality is achieved in rural regional areas, given the lack of proportionality that results from first-past-the-post
Rural–urban proportional representation
Rural–urban_proportional_representation
Physical constant in quantum mechanics
Planck constant. The constant was postulated by Max Planck in 1900 as a proportionality constant needed to explain experimental black-body radiation. Planck
Planck_constant
utility per agent. In this example we focus on the utilitarian price of proportionality, or UPOP. Consider a heterogeneous land-estate that has to be divided
Price_of_fairness
Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material
a direct proportionality between porosity and hydraulic conductivity but rather an inferred proportionality. There is a clear proportionality between pore
Porosity
Proportional myoelectric control can be used to (among other purposes) activate robotic lower limb exoskeletons. A proportional myoelectric control system
Proportional myoelectric control
Proportional_myoelectric_control
Designation in humanitarian law
Risk to civilians does not bar military action, but the principle of proportionality requires that precautions be taken to minimize the harm to these protected
Human_shield_(law)
Conditions of states resorting to war
work, On the Law of War and Peace, Grotius emphasized the need for proportionality and accountability. Today organizations such as League of Nations and
Jus_ad_bellum
Fixed fraction of source
A proportional tax is a tax imposed so that the tax rate is fixed, with no change as the taxable base amount increases or decreases. The amount of the
Proportional_tax
Class of statistical survival models
Proportional hazards models are a class of survival models in statistics. Survival models relate the time that passes, before some event occurs, to one
Proportional_hazards_model
Regression model for ordinal dependent variables
In statistics, the ordered logit model or proportional odds logistic regression is an ordinal regression model—that is, a regression model for ordinal
Ordered_logit
Size of a mathematical ball
The base case is n = 0, where the proportionality is obvious. For the inductive step, assume that proportionality is true in dimension n − 1. Note that
Volume_of_an_n-ball
Data network scheduling algorithm
Proportional-fair scheduling is a compromise-based scheduling algorithm. It is based upon maintaining a balance between two competing interests: Trying
Proportional-fair_scheduling
Set of characters that share common design features
screen. A proportional typeface, also called variable-width typeface, contains glyphs of varying widths, while a monospaced (non-proportional or fixed-width)
Typeface
Plurality voting system
from proportionality Plurality-at-large voting – Non-proportional electoral system Single non-transferable vote – Multi-winner, semi-proportional electoral
First-past-the-post_voting
Type of punishment
or to inflict disproportionately large punishments on wrongdoers." Proportionality requires that the level of punishment be related to the severity of
Retributive_justice
2003 United States Supreme Court case
prohibition of cruel and unusual punishments. The decision weakened proportionality review for prison sentences. It is an established and uncontroversial
Lockyer_v._Andrade
Unicameral legislature of Hungary
elected to four-year terms. Election of members is done using a semi-proportional representation: a mixed-member majoritarian representation with partial
National_Assembly_(Hungary)
Physical constant relating particle kinetic energy with temperature
The Boltzmann constant (kB or k) is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic
Boltzmann_constant
Property of electoral systems
criterion may also be thought of as the single-winner case of Droop-Proportionality for Solid Coalitions. Let L be a subset of candidates. A solid coalition
Mutual_majority_criterion
Relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas at constant volume
in 1808 and published in 1809. However, it sometimes refers to the proportionality of the volume of a gas to its absolute temperature at constant pressure
Gay-Lussac's_law
Family of proportional election methods
known rule satisfying proportionality. This raises the question of whether there is any rule that is both strategyproof and proportional. The answer is no:
Multiwinner_approval_voting
German state election
seats are present, proportional leveling seats will be added to ensure proportionality. An electoral threshold of 5% of valid votes is applied to the Landtag;
2027 Schleswig-Holstein state election
2027_Schleswig-Holstein_state_election
Damages assessed in order to punish the defendant for outrageous conduct
the Supreme Court carved out a notable exception to this rule of proportionality in the case of TXO Production Corp. v. Alliance Resources Corp., where
Punitive_damages
50-point rule makes proportionality calculations straightforward and easier for voters to understand compared to other proportional representation formulas
Proportional-first-past-the-post
Proportional-first-past-the-post
Topics referred to by the same term
Proportional fairness may refer to: Proportional division - a division of a resource among n {\displaystyle n} partners such that each partner receives
Proportional_fairness
Act violating the laws of war
or ethnic cleansing), and flouting the requirements of distinction, proportionality and military necessity. The formal concept of war crimes emerged from
War_crime
Ongoing debate on electoral reform
Proportional representation in the United Kingdom has been a political debate on electoral reform in British politics for many years. The Northern Ireland
Proportional representation in the United Kingdom
Proportional_representation_in_the_United_Kingdom
Legal frameworks for stockholders' voting power
through the exercise of voting rights. While generally based on the proportionality of capital, the specific exercise and calculation of this power are
Voting_interest
Personalized list proportional voting system
Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates
Open_list
N-th root of the product of n numbers
In mathematics, the geometric mean (also known as the mean proportional) is a mean or average which indicates a central tendency of a finite collection
Geometric_mean
Principles applied by European courts
general principles of European Union Law include fundamental rights, proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law, primacy of European Union
General principles of European Union law
General_principles_of_European_Union_law
Classical statement of gravity as force
constant, Newton did not use this constant or formula, he only discussed proportionality. That was sufficient to show that the gravity of the Earth on the Moon
Newton's law of universal gravitation
Newton's_law_of_universal_gravitation
Physical laws describing gases
is the absolute temperature and k2 is a proportionality constant (which is not the same as the proportionality constants in the other equations in this
Gas_laws
Lower house of Bosnia and Herzegovina
between three and six representatives, giving a total of 30. To ensure proportionality, a further 12 representatives are elected on an entity-wide basis.
House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina
House_of_Representatives_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina
Ability of magnetization
fields are precisely proportional to each other: B = μ H , {\displaystyle \mathbf {B} =\mu \mathbf {H} ,} where the proportionality factor μ is the permeability
Permeability (electromagnetism)
Permeability_(electromagnetism)
German mathematician and physicist (1789–1854)
Using equipment of his own creation, Ohm found that there is a direct proportionality between the potential difference (voltage) applied across a conductor
Georg_Ohm
Type of handwriting
developing his own Snell Roundhand, which emphasised restraint and proportionality in the script. During the Renaissance, writing masters of the Apostolic
Round_hand
Form of political manipulation
districts alongside voting systems establishing proportional representation such as party-list proportional representation or single transferable voting
Gerrymandering
Observation in physical cosmology
Lemaître concluded that the universe might be expanding by noting the proportionality of the recessional velocity of distant bodies to their respective distances
Hubble's_law
General election held in Wales on 7 May 2026
size of the Senedd from 60 members to 96, the adoption of party-list proportional representation, the reduction of the number of constituencies to sixteen
2026_Senedd_election
Something roughly the same as something else
definition, despite wide use. ∼ {\displaystyle \sim } (\sim) : function proportionality; the f ( n ) {\displaystyle f(n)} used in \simeq is f ( n ) ∼ n 2 {\displaystyle
Approximation
styles. This variety continued expanding into the 19th and 20th centuries proportional to the influx of migrants from other nations. This list is not exhaustive
List_of_American_foods
Process for fairly dividing resources
division may have a lower proportionality level, and the goal is to find an envy-free division with the highest possible proportionality. The currently known
Envy-free_cake-cutting
is arranged by single-member constituency (district) and party-list proportional representation. "2016 The 14th Presidential and Vice Presidential Election
9th_Legislative_Yuan
Judgement of the High Court of Australia
judicial debates about the role of proportionality testing in Australian constitutional law. The concept of proportionality testing is borrowed from German
Comcare_v_Banerji
The proportional rule is a division rule for solving bankruptcy problems. According to this rule, each claimant should receive an amount proportional to
Proportional rule (bankruptcy)
Proportional_rule_(bankruptcy)
Proportionalism, also known as mensuralism, is a hermeneutical approach to the performance of the earliest transcriptions of Gregorian chant prior to
Proportionalism (Gregorian chant)
Proportionalism_(Gregorian_chant)
Family of voting systems
compensate as much as possible for dis-proportionality produced by the district elections. MMP generally produces proportional election outcomes, meaning that
Mixed_electoral_system
Electoral system used in the United Kingdom
by dis-proportional district results caused by seat overhang. The proportionality of AMS depends on having enough additional ("top-up") seats and on
Additional-member_system
2021 Supreme Court of the United Kingdom case
proportionality was concerned, if there were an error in the trial court's reasoning that undermined the cogency of the conclusion on proportionality
DPP_v_Ziegler
Situation in which a seat in a deliberative assembly becomes vacant
seat changes parties after a by-election, it disrupts Parliament's proportionality. By contrast, a vacancy in a list seat is filled by the next available
Casual_vacancy
Partially compensatory electoral system
ensure full proportionality.[citation needed] Scorporo (negative vote transfer systems) National remnant Additional member system Semi-proportional representation
Vote_linkage
Value of a communication network in terms of its connections
{\displaystyle n^{2}} proportionality for small values of n {\displaystyle n} and n log n {\displaystyle n\log n} proportionality for large values of
Metcalfe's_law
Property of a thermodynamic system
defined entropy as proportional to the natural logarithm of the number of microstates such a gas could occupy. The proportionality constant in this definition
Entropy
Natural number
Arthur (ed.). Nature's Harmonic Unity: A Treatise on Its Relation to Proportional Form. New York and London: G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 10. "Sloane's A104272 :
2
3rd episode of the 1st season of The West Wing
"A Proportional Response" is the third episode of the first season of The West Wing, an American serial television drama. The episode aired on October
A_Proportional_Response
Law of electrical current and voltage
between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance, one arrives
Ohm's_law
Fair division problem
The original and most common criterion for justice is proportionality (PR). In a proportional cake-cutting, each person receives a piece that he values
Fair_cake-cutting
Fee charged by a bookmaker for accepting a gambler's wager
assume that vigorish is factored in proportionally to the true odds, although this need not be the case. Under proportional vigorish, a "fair odds" betting
Vigorish
Maxim of proportionality
Herculem, "from his foot, [we can measure] Hercules", is a maxim of proportionality inspired by an experiment attributed to Pythagoras. According to Aulus
Ex_pede_Herculem
Devolved parliament of Wales
from full proportionality. With the Senedd Cymru (members and elections) Act 2024, the voting system was changed to a closed list proportional representation
Senedd
Measurement unit derived from basic metric value
like quantities. SI coherent derived units involve only a trivial proportionality factor, not requiring conversion factors. The SI has special names
SI_derived_unit
Estimates values in an N-dimensional matrix
The iterative proportional fitting procedure (IPF or IPFP, also known as biproportional fitting or biproportion in statistics or economics (input-output
Iterative proportional fitting
Iterative_proportional_fitting
Lower house of the Parliament of South Africa
lists and the remaining half from national lists so as to restore proportionality. The National Assembly is presided over by a speaker, assisted by a
National Assembly (South Africa)
National_Assembly_(South_Africa)
Principle of international law of war
Military necessity, along with distinction and proportionality, is one of three key principles of international humanitarian law governing the legal use
Military_necessity
PROPORTIONALITY
PROPORTIONALITY
PROPORTIONALITY
PROPORTIONALITY
Girl/Female
American, Anglo, British, English, Spanish
Noble Woman; Shield
Male
Egyptian
, ("oath"); Bes.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Progress
Boy/Male
Muslim
Pilgrimage site 25 km from city mecca
Female
Greek
 Variant spelling of Greek Eva, IVA means "life." Compare with other forms of Iva.
Boy/Male
Norse
Happy.
Boy/Male
Sikh
Devotee a servant of Rama
Boy/Male
Assamese, Bihari, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Peaceful; Smart; Beautiful; Lord Shiva; Sound of Morning Saga
Boy/Male
Tamil
Delight, Lord of all abodes
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Hill of Cloud
PROPORTIONALITY
PROPORTIONALITY
PROPORTIONALITY
PROPORTIONALITY
PROPORTIONALITY
n.
The state of being in proportion.