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Criterion for proportional representation
Proportionality for solid coalitions (PSC) is a criterion of proportionality for ranked voting systems. It is an adaptation of the quota rule to voting
Proportionality for solid coalitions
Proportionality_for_solid_coalitions
Voting system that makes outcomes proportional to vote totals
STV satisfies the electoral system criterion proportionality for solid coalitions – a solid coalition for a set of candidates is the group of voters that
Proportional_representation
Index of articles associated with the same name
backwards effect on the election. Proportionality for solid coalitions (PSC) is a criterion of proportionality for ranked voting systems. It is an adaptation
Voting_criteria
Political faction in social choice
a solid coalition or voting bloc is a group of voters who support a given group of candidates over any opponent outside the group. Solid coalitions formalize
Solid_coalition
Property of electoral systems
the single-winner case of Droop-Proportionality for Solid Coalitions. Let L be a subset of candidates. A solid coalition in support of L is a group of voters
Mutual_majority_criterion
indifferences), and guarantees a form of proportional representation called proportionality for solid coalitions. The family of EAR was presented by Aziz
Expanding_approvals_rule
Criterion for evaluating fairness of electoral systems
functions. Proportionality for Solid Coalitions - an analogue of proportional representation for voting systems with ranked ballots. Fully proportional representation
Justified_representation
British philosopher (1925–2011)
with Robin Farquharson; he also devised the condition of proportionality for solid coalitions. Besides his main work in analytic philosophy, he also wrote
Michael_Dummett
the resulting ranking satisfy a fairness property called Proportionality for Solid Coalitions. Ranked voting – a setting in which the input consists of
Rank_aggregation
Multi-winner electoral system
those produced by proportional representation election systems based on lists. STV systems can be thought of as allowing solid coalitions to cast voter-determined
Single_transferable_vote
Topics referred to by the same term
Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party Proportionality for Solid Coalitions, a criterion for ranked PR methods Pacific Science Center, a science
PSC
Comparative politics for electoral systems
complexity of vote counting, proportionality of the representation elected based on parties' shares of votes, and barriers to entry for new political movements
Comparison of electoral systems
Comparison_of_electoral_systems
Process of electing more than one winner in the same election / district
election system; see justified representation and proportionality for solid coalitions. Proportionality may be measured just on the one usable preference
Multiwinner_voting
Family of electoral systems
basis, if first preferences are used as guide, STV is only proportional for solid coalitions, if voters rank candidates along party lines and no significant
Semi-proportional representation
Semi-proportional_representation
Problem in social choice
cohesive group to a solid coalition, and define two incomparable proportionality notions: Comparative Proportionality for Solid Coalitions (CPSC) and Inclusion
Combinatorial participatory budgeting
Combinatorial_participatory_budgeting
number in bold shows that the party surpassed the 5% threshold (7% for coalitions, 2% for independent candidates) to enter parliament. A smaller number shown
Next Moldovan parliamentary election
Next_Moldovan_parliamentary_election
German and Austrian political term
SPD has entered into coalitions at federal or state level with the CDU (red–black coalition), with the FDP (social liberal coalition), with the Greens (red–green
Black–green_coalition
British mathematician
of descending solid coalitions as an improvement on instant-runoff voting. He also contributed to the problem of fair cake-cutting, for example, by presenting
Douglas_Woodall
Proportional-representation voting system
vote or the quota Borda system, where voters organize themselves into solid coalitions. The single transferable vote or the quota Borda system behave like
Quota_method
Topics referred to by the same term
informal Malaysian political coalition Party of Labour (Serbia) (Partija rada), a political party in Serbia Proportional representation, a property of
PR
multiple short-lived coalitions. Following the election, the Abantu Batho Congress (ABC) and Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) formed a coalition. In 2023, the African
Umvoti Local Municipality elections
Umvoti_Local_Municipality_elections
party won at least 3.0 percent of the list vote. In order to increase proportionality, the law provided that if parties reaching the five per cent threshold
1999 Russian legislative election
1999_Russian_legislative_election
Government system dominated by only two major political parties
made it into government coalitions, FW and the new split-off BSW. In the 2021 German federal election, 25.7% was enough for the SPD to become strongest
Two-party_system
American politician and attorney (born 1951)
as by mutual interests.' That—along with Israel Bonds' solid track record—is good enough for me.” In April 2018, Kennedy was one of eight Republican
John Kennedy (Louisiana politician)
John_Kennedy_(Louisiana_politician)
coalitions and alliances listed below are ordered alphabetically and reflect political agreements and endorsements as of May 2025. These coalitions usually
2025 Philippine general election
2025_Philippine_general_election
American minister, activist and politician (1941–2026)
Smothers, Ronald (October 4, 1987). "Poll Shows Jackson and Bush Holding Solid Leads in the South". The New York Times. Wilkerson, Isabel (November 14
Jesse_Jackson
Metropolitan municipality in Eastern Cape, South Africa
of households within the urban boundary have access to a basic level of solid waste removal, and 97% of households in formally demarcated municipal residential
Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
Nelson_Mandela_Bay_Metropolitan_Municipality
excuse to call a double dissolution. While the Coalition lost five House seats to Labor, it still had a solid mandate. More importantly, it picked up six
1951 Australian federal election
1951_Australian_federal_election
increase of 4.5 percent from 1994. The CDU/CSU-FDP coalition had gone into the election with a solid majority and 341 seats, but was cut down to 288 seats
1998_German_federal_election
Political party in Germany
AfD's top candidates Tino Chrupalla and Weidel praised the result as "solid", while party spokesman Jörg Meuthen stated that the party should reevaluate
Alternative_for_Germany
CDU/CSU-FDP coalition's number of seats fell from 295 seats to 286 seats. Both potential coalitions fell far short of the 308 seats required for a majority
2005_German_federal_election
Political leadership election in Japan
January next year on condition the BOJ keeps monetary policy loose, and solid economic health and sufficient wage growth can be foreseen". After Takaichi's
2025 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election
2025_Liberal_Democratic_Party_presidential_election
candidates in total. The two major parties both formed large coalitions. The VMRO-DPMNE-led coalition included 22 parties; VMRO-DPMNE, the Socialist Party of
2011 Macedonian parliamentary election
2011_Macedonian_parliamentary_election
Human-caused changes to climate on Earth
Gillett, Nathan P.; Stott, Peter A.; Zickfeld, Kirsten (2009). "The proportionality of global warming to cumulative carbon emissions". Nature. 459 (7248):
Climate_change
Political party in Bolivia
lists of the United Left. Veliz was candidate for the presidency and for parliament (on the proportional representation list). However, many trade unions
Movimiento_al_Socialismo
Election for the 47th Parliament of Australia
last federal election. Local regression trends for each party, weighted by sample size, are shown as solid lines. Members in italics did not re-contest
2022 Australian federal election
2022_Australian_federal_election
Property of electoral systems
first-preference plurality (FPP) and instant-runoff voting (IRV), and descending solid coalitions (DSC), systems that have similar mechanics that are based on first
Later-no-harm_criterion
bloc with 61 seats, followed by Cambio por Chile with 42 seats. Smaller coalitions and parties, including Chile Grande y Unido and the Party of the People
2025_Chilean_general_election
Slovene political party
left-wing coalition enjoys solid parliamentary support but trails the centre-right Slovenian Democratic Party in polls ahead of elections set for April 2026
Slovenian_Democratic_Party
price in return for having their old car scrapped, and proved very popular with motorists. Yet this temporary lapse was followed by a solid 0.4% growth in
Economic history of the United Kingdom
Economic_history_of_the_United_Kingdom
2017 Catalan independence referendum related amnesty
organic amnesty law is guided by the principles of reasonableness, proportionality, and adequacy. Its reasonableness stems from the objective and reasonable
2024_Spanish_Amnesty_Law
Legislative session of the Parliament of Ontario
election saw the UFO-Labour coalition government defeated by a re-energized Conservative Party. The UFO vote stayed solid as compared to 1919 but the
15th_Parliament_of_Ontario
New York Democratic political organization
they played key roles in forming reform coalitions. Most of the time they looked to Albany and Washington for their sphere of influence.[full citation
Tammany_Hall
American economist (born 1945)
as a black box: the values of coalitions in a cooperative game are taken as given, and it is not explained how coalitions produce these values. In Roemer
John_Roemer
Country in South Asia
of Unity, Faith and Discipline and work to fulfil his dream to create a solid bloc of all Muslim states from Karachi to Ankara, from Pakistan to Morocco
Pakistan
American conservative think tank
population with proportionally more retirees. In September 2005, the Heritage Foundation established the Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom named in
The_Heritage_Foundation
War crimes committed by the Empire of Japan
and left with exposed arms, periodically drenched with water until frozen solid. The arm was later amputated; the doctor would repeat the process on the
Japanese_war_crimes
of black voters for these programs began a transition from their traditional support for Republicans to providing solid majorities for Democrats. The Roosevelt
1932 United States presidential election
1932_United_States_presidential_election
social-policy expansion under the Bolsa Família programme. The state-level coalitions are closely aligned with the presidential tickets. Rodrigues's reelection
2026_Bahia_general_election
American politician (born 1988)
United States representative for Washington's 3rd congressional district since 2023. She is a co-chair of the Blue Dog Coalition. Kristina Marie Perez was
Marie_Gluesenkamp_Perez
Political party in Canada
Family Coalition Party of Ontario (FCP) through 11,000 signatures fulfilling the Elections Ontario requirements by members from the Liberals for Life (a
New_Reform_Party_of_Ontario
pro-states-rights, anti-civil rights, pro-easy money, anti-tariff, anti-bank coalition of Jim Crow Solid South and Western small farmers. Budding labor unions and Catholic
Political parties in the United States
Political_parties_in_the_United_States
(1990-03-19). "Conservatives Backed By Kohl Top East German Vote Solidly, But Appear To Need Coalition". The New York Times. Kamm, Henry (1990-03-20). "German
1990 East German general election
1990_East_German_general_election
Italian political party
voters, and Italians like confrontational politics based on alternative coalitions and many would support a two-party system, in place of the typically Italian
Union_of_the_Centre_(2002)
US federal legislation that prohibits racial discrimination in voting
opinion also distinguished the proportionality of majority-minority districts, which allows minorities to have a proportional opportunity to elect their candidates
Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965
Japanese political party
no other party could possibly form a government, and Hashimoto formed a solidly LDP minority government. Through a series of floor-crossings, the LDP regained
Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)
Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)
rock-solid choice! (Estonian: Kaljukindel valik!) Included under Others. ERR, ERR | (17 May 2023). "European Parliament elections scheduled for June 2024"
2024 European Parliament election in Estonia
2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Estonia
Unicameral legislature of Albania
parties must meet a threshold of 3 percent of votes, and pre-election coalitions must meet a threshold of 5 percent of votes. The two largest political
Parliament_of_Albania
Dominant version of liberalism in the United States
sufficient funding for a social safety net, while simultaneously promoting income-proportional tax reform policies to reduce deficits. It calls for active government
Modern liberalism in the United States
Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States
South Africa". Sussman, Wayne (2023-11-09). "November by-elections: Solid wins for ANC, DA". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 2023-11-09. Sussman, Wayne (September
Ephraim Mogale Local Municipality elections
Ephraim_Mogale_Local_Municipality_elections
carving up the American electorate and toppling political coalitions that had been in place for many years. Carnes, Nicholas; Lupu, Noam. "The White Working
2016 United States presidential election
2016_United_States_presidential_election
History of Italy since 1946
two types of governmental coalitions characterised the politics of post-war Italy. The first were "centrist" coalitions led by the Christian Democracy
History of the Italian Republic
History_of_the_Italian_Republic
Head of the Catholic Church from 1939 to 1958
several thousands of years of civilization will continue to learn against the solid rock of Christianity,...or on the contrary do they want to hand over the
Pope_Pius_XII
Political party in Germany
area, a city or an entire district. The party has a youth wing, Left Youth Solid, and a student wing known as The Left.SDS. The party is also affiliated
Die_Linke
power until the end of the first republic, in various combinations of coalitions with the GDVP and Landbund (founded 1919). The borders continued to be
History_of_Austria
Prime Minister of Thailand since 2025
Limited, Bangkok Post Public Company (7 November 2025). "Anutin pleads for solid evidence in anti-scam drive". Bangkok Post. Archived from the original
Anutin_Charnvirakul
History of politics in New Zealand
River Power and Solid Energy from 100% to 51% and Air New Zealand from 74% to 51%, and sell off the remainder. The plans to sell down Solid Energy were later
Political history of New Zealand
Political_history_of_New_Zealand
abplive.in. 4 October 2018. Ajit Kumar Jha (18 August 2018). "A clash of coalitions". India Today. New Delhi. "Advantage BJP in Lok Sabha 2019 polls, Congress
2019_Indian_general_election
Dutch multinational technology company
products for a wide variety of applications, including solid state lighting. The company also acquired Respironics, which was a significant gain for its healthcare
Philips
Country in East Asia
Rocket Module, the first stage of the Russian Angara rocket, combined with a solid-fueled second stage built by South Korea. On October 21, 2021, the KSLV-2
South_Korea
but was unable to make any significant gains on Romney, who maintained a solid lead over all other contenders after securing more than half of the delegates
2012 Republican Party presidential primaries
2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries
and free party political broadcasts, combined with the end of coalitions in proportional elections, has since caused this number to decrease. Since 2021
List of political parties in Brazil
List_of_political_parties_in_Brazil
Biometric identifier
the European Commission expressed 'significant concerns' over the proportionality and necessity of the practice and the lack of judicial redress, indicating
Fingerprint
councils: for example, Chorley was among the solid colour no change 73 Labour controlled councils. The other cells represent the shifts of control: for example
2014 United Kingdom local elections
2014_United_Kingdom_local_elections
Country in North America
2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019. Smith, Noah (26 August 2019). "Mexico Is Solidly Middle Class (No Matter What Trump Says)". Bloomberg. Archived from the
Mexico
Supranational political and economic union
symbolique: Sur le fond bleu du ciel, les étoiles figurant les peuples d'Europe forment un cercle en signe d'union. Elles sont au nombre invariable de douze, symbole
European_Union
Chief Justice of the United States from 1986 to 2005
(including the Equal Protection Clause) had to show "a congruence and proportionality between the injury to be prevented or remedied and the means adopted
William_Rehnquist
King of Jordan from 1952 to 1999
around 4,000 patients each year. The King disliked paperwork, and had no solid view for the economy. He was dubbed the "fundraiser-in-chief": throughout his
Hussein_of_Jordan
Italian media tycoon and politician (1936–2023)
Berlusconi was criticised for his electoral coalitions with right-wing populist parties (Lega Nord and the National Alliance) and for apologetic remarks about
Silvio_Berlusconi
Establishment of Austria-Hungary
parties remained unpopular among their own ethnic minority voters. The coalitions of Hungarian nationalist parties – which were supported by the overwhelming
Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
Austro-Hungarian_Compromise_of_1867
election was held on 21 April, resulting in a narrow win for the Romano Prodi-led centre-left coalition, The Olive Tree, which had a covenant of desistance
Results of the 1996 Italian general election
Results_of_the_1996_Italian_general_election
DPJ candidate. Pre-election polls had been consistently showing the LDP's solid lead, especially among independent voters in urban areas like Tokyo and
2005 Japanese general election
2005_Japanese_general_election
Views and voting record of the incumbent British Prime Minister
the King's Speech. However, "no solid plans have emerged" as of May 2025. Instead, while initially indicating support for transgender rights in 2022, Starmer
Political positions of Keir Starmer
Political_positions_of_Keir_Starmer
Country in Northwestern Europe
French-speaking Social Democrats, Liberals, and Christian Democrats) maintained a solid majority in Parliament and all electoral constituencies. On 22 July 2014
Belgium
Country in Central Europe
which enabled higher quality. Another breakthrough was the invention of solid milk chocolate in 1875 by Daniel Peter. The Swiss are the world's largest
Switzerland
political pressure groups and they have also become parts of political coalitions. In recent decades, conservative evangelicals have been particularly active
Politics_of_the_United_States
Selection of the Democratic Party nominee
McGovern–Fraser Commission had recommended proportionality as early as 1972, this primary was the first to adopt the proportional 15% rule, still in place today,
1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries
1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries
enter into coalitions and alliances with each other prior to, during, and after elections in order to be part of the government. These coalitions are ordered
2022 Philippine general election
2022_Philippine_general_election
Railway locomotive that produces its pulling power through a steam engine
smokebox which is kept at a slightly lower pressure than outside the firebox. Solid fuel, such as wood, coal or coke, is either thrown into the firebox through
Steam_locomotive
the Colorado delegates after taking a solid majority, the state's four uncommitted delegates declaring support for Cruz, bringing his total delegate count
2016 Republican Party presidential primaries
2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries
Country in West Asia
2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021. "Healthcare Infrastructure in Kuwait: On Solid Footing". 2017. "Mega-projects boost hospital capacity in Kuwait". Oxford
Kuwait
continues to have a box for each party above a heavy line, with each party's candidates in a column below that party's box below the solid line. Previously,
Electoral_system_of_Australia
Ideological and political wings within the United States Democratic Party
part of the Blue Dog Coalition. The following table lists coalitions' electoral results for the House of Representatives. Jeffersonians, named after founding
Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)
Factions_in_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)
Australian-American business magnate (born 1931)
"Stay or go - the lack of solid facts means it's all a leap of faith". The Standard. "Rupert Murdoch: 'I have never asked for anything from any prime minister'
Rupert_Murdoch
Soviet surface-to-air missile system
uses a two-mode solid-fuel rocket engine with total burn time of about 15 seconds; the combustion chamber is reinforced by metal. For the purpose of reducing
Buk_missile_system
Country in South America
in global mining, maintaining mining leadership in Latin America and a solid mining history and trajectory little industrialized. Oil was discovered
Peru
American politician and diplomat (born 1947)
Fahrenthold, David A.; Viebeck, Elise (October 22, 2015). "GOP lands no solid punches while sparring with Clinton over Benghazi". The Washington Post
Hillary_Clinton
Centre-right political party in New Zealand
National's predecessors had previously formed a coalition against the growing labour movement. National has governed for six periods during the 20th and 21st centuries
New_Zealand_National_Party
Election for the 44th Parliament of Australia
For the House of Representatives, a preferential ballot system has been in use since 1919, in single-member seats. For the Senate—the proportionally representative
2013 Australian federal election
2013_Australian_federal_election
Nativism Pink Toryism Red Toryism Trumpism Black conservatism Conservative coalition Conservative democratism Anti-abolitionism Bourbon Democrat Jacksonianism
List_of_political_ideologies
PROPORTIONALITY FOR-SOLID-COALITIONS
PROPORTIONALITY FOR-SOLID-COALITIONS
Boy/Male
Muslim
Solid
Biblical
nativity; generation;begetter;
Boy/Male
Indian
Firm, Solid
Surname or Lastname
Spanish and Asturian-Leonese (SolÃs)
Spanish and Asturian-Leonese (SolÃs) : habitational name from SolÃs in Asturies or a similarly named place elsewhere.English : from a medieval personal name bestowed on a child born after the death of a sibling, from Middle English solace ‘comfort’, ‘consolation’. The word also came to have the sense ‘delight’, ‘amusement’, and in some cases the surname may have arisen from a nickname for a playful or entertaining person.
Girl/Female
Indian
Strong, Solid
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Strong; Solid
Boy/Male
Tamil
Solid redemption
Girl/Female
Arabic, British, Danish, English, Muslim
Solid; Strong
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Firm Solid
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Solid Redemption
Boy/Male
Indian
Solid
Girl/Female
Muslim
Strong, Solid
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Parsi
Firm; Solid
Boy/Male
Indian
Solid structure
Girl/Female
Biblical
Nativity, generation.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Solid structure
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Solid
Male
Scandinavian
 Scandinavian form of Old Norse Þórr, TOR means "Thor" or "thunder." Compare with other forms of Tor.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Solid
Boy/Male
Muslim
Firm, Solid
PROPORTIONALITY FOR-SOLID-COALITIONS
PROPORTIONALITY FOR-SOLID-COALITIONS
Girl/Female
Tamil
Pattaambaraparidhaana | பதà¯à®¤à®¾à®®à¯à®ªà®°à®¾à®ªà®°à¯€à®¤à®¾à®¨à®¾
Wearing a dress made of leather
Girl/Female
German Teutonic
Hard working.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Lives by the Linden Tree Hill
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Lord Shiva
Female
Yiddish
(×ֵיידֶעל) Yiddish name EIDEL means "delicate, gentle."
Boy/Male
English American
Three. Also atraigh 'Strand'.
Boy/Male
Greek American English
God's honour; God fearing.
Girl/Female
Greek
Spicy cinnamon.
Girl/Female
Afghan, Arabic, Bengali, British, English, Farsi, German, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Iranian, Kannada, Kashmiri, Marathi, Muslim, Parsi, Sindhi, Telugu, Zoroastrian
Sweet; Pleasant; Gentle; Delicate; Goddess of Sculpture; Charming
Girl/Female
Indian
Supreme consciousness, Name of Lord Ganesh, Blissful
PROPORTIONALITY FOR-SOLID-COALITIONS
PROPORTIONALITY FOR-SOLID-COALITIONS
PROPORTIONALITY FOR-SOLID-COALITIONS
PROPORTIONALITY FOR-SOLID-COALITIONS
PROPORTIONALITY FOR-SOLID-COALITIONS
a.
United; without division; unanimous; as, the delegation is solid for a candidate.
a.
Impenetrable; resisting or excluding any other material particle or atom from any given portion of space; -- applied to the supposed ultimate particles of matter.
n.
The state of being in proportion.
a.
Applied to a compound word whose parts are closely united and form an unbroken word; -- opposed to hyphened.
n.
The combination of planes included under a general crystallographic symbol. It is not necessarily a closed solid.
conj.
Because; by reason that; for that; indicating, in Old English, the reason of anything.
a.
Fig.: Worthy of credit, trust, or esteem; substantial, as opposed to frivolous or fallacious; weighty; firm; strong; valid; just; genuine.
prep.
Indicating the space or time through which an action or state extends; hence, during; in or through the space or time of.
a.
Having the constituent parts so compact, or so firmly adhering, as to resist the impression or penetration of other bodies; having a fixed form; hard; firm; compact; -- opposed to fluid and liquid or to plastic, like clay, or to incompact, like sand.
a.
Firm; compact; strong; stable; unyielding; as, a solid pier; a solid pile; a solid wall.
adv.
Proportionally.
a.
Of a fleshy, uniform, undivided substance, as a bulb or root; not spongy or hollow within, as a stem.
a.
Sound; not weakly; as, a solid constitution of body.
v. t.
To divide or distribute proportionally; to assess pro rata.
adv.
In proportion; in due degree; adapted relatively; as, all parts of the building are proportionally large.
a.
Having all the geometrical dimensions; cubic; as, a solid foot contains 1,728 solid inches.
n.
The act or process of dividing out proportionally.
a.
Not hollow; full of matter; as, a solid globe or cone, as distinguished from a hollow one; not spongy; dense; hence, sometimes, heavy.
n.
A substance that is held in a fixed form by cohesion among its particles; a substance not fluid.
adv.
In a proportionate manner; with due proportion; proportionally.