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Feminism that rejects a universal female subject
Postmodern feminism is a branch of feminism that opposes a universal female subject. Drawing on postmodern philosophy, postmodern feminism questions traditional
Postmodern_feminism
Artistic, cultural, and theoretical movement
the 1990s, "postmodernism" came to denote a generally celebratory response to cultural pluralism. Proponents align themselves with feminism, multiculturalism
Postmodernism
dust." A major branch in postmodern feminist thought has emerged from contemporary psychoanalytic French feminism. Other postmodern feminist works highlight
Feminist movements and ideologies
Feminist_movements_and_ideologies
Societal state after modernity
Postmodernity (post-modernity or the postmodern condition) is the economic or cultural state or condition of society which is said to exist after modernity
Postmodernity
Approach to feminism influenced by post-structuralist thought
Post-structural feminism is a branch of feminism that engages with insights from post-structuralist thought. Post-structural feminism emphasizes "the
Post-structural_feminism
Feminist movement, 1990s–2010s
transfeminism, and postmodern feminism. According to feminist scholar Elizabeth Evans, the "confusion surrounding what constitutes third-wave feminism is in some
Third-wave_feminism
Canadian psychologist (born 1962)
critiques of political correctness range over issues such as postmodernism, postmodern feminism, white privilege, cultural appropriation, and environmentalism
Jordan_Peterson
View of feminism as outdated
relations among feminism, femininity and popular culture. The term is sometimes confused with subsequent feminisms such as postmodern feminism, xenofeminism
Postfeminism
Perspective within feminist research
other two are standpoint feminism and post-structural/postmodern feminism. In international relations rationalist feminism[clarification needed] employs
Feminist_empiricism
Topics referred to by the same term
influence of Postmodernism in various disciplines: Postmodern art Postmodern feminism Postmodern film Postmodernism (international relations) Postmodern literature
Postmodernism (disambiguation)
Postmodernism_(disambiguation)
Feminist writing style
daily use of language (langue, tongue)". Assia Djebar Gynocriticism Postmodern feminism Showalter, Elaine (1981). "Feminist Criticism in the Wilderness"
Écriture_féminine
Idea that the world centers on the phallus
symbolic". However, conflict arose within feminism over the issue. Some French feminists, seeing phallocentrism and feminism as two sides of the same coin, sought
Phallocentrism
1985 essay by Donna Haraway
the title "A Manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, Technology, and Socialist Feminism in the 1980s." In it, the concept of the cyborg represents a rejection
A_Cyborg_Manifesto
Neofeminism New feminism Postcolonial feminism Postmodern feminism Post-structural feminism Pro-feminism Pro-life feminism Radical feminism Rape culture
Feminist_theory
20th-century literary form and movement
Postmodern literature is a form of literature that is characterized by the use of metafiction, unreliable narration, self-reflexivity, and intertextuality
Postmodern_literature
1987 book by Judith Butler
Subjects of Desire: Hegelian Reflections in Twentieth-Century France is a 1987 book by the philosopher Judith Butler. Their first published book, it was
Subjects_of_Desire
List of postmodern novels List of postmodern writers Literary theory Post-colonialism Poststructuralism Postmodern literature Second-wave feminism Third-wave
List_of_postmodern_critics
Feminist movement, 2010s–present
branches emerged as a reaction to and rejection of queer feminism and of postmodern feminism, and consists of trans-exclusionary activists who reject
Fourth-wave_feminism
Range of socio-political movements and ideologies
nature of reality; however, as Pamela Abbott et al. write, a postmodern approach to feminism highlights "the existence of multiple truths (rather than simply
Feminism
Subdiscipline of sociology
Sex-positive feminism Socialist feminism Psychoanalytic feminism Postmodern feminism Black feminism Islamic feminism Feminism has had its fair share of criticism
Feminist_sociology
Artistic and philosophical movement
Post-postmodernism is a wide-ranging set of developments in critical theory, philosophy, architecture, art, literature, and culture which are emerging
Post-postmodernism
2025 animated film by Maggie Kang and Chris Appelhans
Prastiwi, Putu Marvitta Adira; Adni, Nissa Puspitaning (August 2025). "Postmodern Feminism in the Movie K-Pop Demon Hunters (2025)". Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu
KPop_Demon_Hunters
Branch of feminism that emphasizes sexual freedoms
Sex-positive feminism, also known as pro-sex feminism, sex-radical feminism, or sexually liberal feminism, is a feminist movement centering on the idea
Sex-positive_feminism
Opposition to equality feminism
Difference feminism is a term developed during the equality-versus-difference debate in American feminism to describe the view that men and women are different
Difference_feminism
1990 book by Judith Butler
Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity is a 1990 book by the post-structuralist gender theorist and philosopher Judith Butler in which
Gender_Trouble
Literary project expanding the study of women writers
to review and evaluate the female image in literature, and second-wave feminism had explored phallocentrism and sexism through a female reading of male
Gynocriticism
Examination of the study of knowledge from a feminist standpoint
their place in history (see feminist empiricism, standpoint feminism, postmodern feminism), as ideological frameworks they hold epistemic insights in
Feminist_epistemology
Branch of anarchism that puts a particular emphasis on feminism
Anarcha-feminism, also known as anarchist feminism or anarcho-feminism, is a system of analysis which combines the principles and power analysis of anarchist
Anarcha-feminism
1990 nonfiction book by Naomi Wolf
later described as the third wave of the feminist movement. In Who Stole Feminism? (1994) Christina Hoff Sommers criticized Wolf for publishing the claim
The_Beauty_Myth
Philosopher
especially French feminist thinker Luce Irigaray, Braidotti has brought postmodern feminism into the Information Age with her considerations of cyberspace, prosthesis
Rosi_Braidotti
Type of dance
Postmodern dance is a 20th century concert dance movement that came into popularity in the early 1960s. While the term postmodern took on a different
Postmodern_dance
Architectural style that emerged in the 1960s
Postmodern architecture is a style or movement which emerged in the 1960s as a reaction against the austerity, formality, and lack of variety of modern
Postmodern_architecture
Branch of feminism
Transfeminism, or trans feminism, is a branch of feminism focused on transgender women and informed by transgender studies. Transfeminism focuses on the
Transfeminism
Campaigns for reforms on feminist issues
feminist, intersectionality, sex positivity, transfeminism, and postmodern feminism. Lastly, the fourth wave began in the 2000s, and is currently still
Feminist_movement
Awareness and perception of others
Oppositional Gaze: Black Female Spectator". In Amelia Jones (ed.). The Feminism and Visual Cultural Reader. New York: Routledge. pp. 94–105. Mulvey, Laura
Gaze
2004 book by Judith Butler
new gender politics and elegantly employs psychoanalysis, philosophy, feminism, and queer theory in an effort to pry open the future of the human. Butler
Undoing_Gender
Subtype of drag queen
hostesses, and spokesmodels. For some it can be a way to redefine postmodern feminism; female drag queen Ms. Lucia Love stated, "Drag queens would be nowhere
AFAB_queen
Philosophical movement
Postmodern philosophy is a philosophical movement that arose in the second half of the 20th century as a critical response to assumptions allegedly present
Postmodern_philosophy
Movement emphasizing lesbian perspectives
Lesbian feminism is a cultural movement and critical perspective that encourages women to focus their efforts, attentions, relationships, and activities
Lesbian_feminism
American novelist and editor (1931–2019)
S. Kottiswari writes in Postmodern Feminist Writers (2008) that Morrison exemplifies characteristics of "postmodern feminism" by "altering Euro-American
Toni_Morrison
Form of feminism limited to white women
White feminism is a term which is used to describe expressions of feminism which are perceived as focusing on white women while failing to address the
White_feminism
Movement originating within radical feminism
Trans-exclusionary radical feminism (TERF), also known as gender-critical feminism, is a subset of feminism that rejects transgender and non-binary identities
Trans-exclusionary radical feminism
Trans-exclusionary_radical_feminism
Religion influenced by postmodernism
interpreted using postmodern philosophy include Postmodern Christianity, Postmodern Neopaganism, and Postmodern Buddhism. Postmodern religion is not an
Postmodern_religion
Forms of feminism that emphasize freedom of choice
Choice feminism is a critical term for expressions of feminism that emphasize women’s freedom of choice. Such expressions seek to be “non-judgmental”
Choice_feminism
Approach to ethics
Material feminism Matrixial Gaze Morality Naomi Wolf Postmodern feminism Pro-life feminism Rebecca Walker Second-wave feminism Sex-positive feminism Sheila
Feminist_ethics
Theory in literary analysis
many academics to constitute an essential part of the discourse of postmodernism. Deconstruction is a philosophy of "indeterminateness" and its opposing
Phallogocentrism
Art movement
Postmodern art Postmodern art is a body of art movements that sought to contradict some aspects of modernism or some aspects that emerged or developed
Postmodern_art
Feminism that embraces reactionary politics
Reactionary feminism is a conservative variant of feminism that emphasizes traditional gender roles, heteronormativity, and the family as solutions to
Reactionary_feminism
feminism, borrowing heavily from socialist feminist, reject Butler's postmodern feminism that suppresses female identities and relies on academic theory over
Fourth-wave_feminism_in_Spain
Period of feminist activity, 1960s–1980s
Second-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity that began in the early 1960s and lasted roughly two decades, ending with the feminist sex wars
Second-wave_feminism
postmodernism encompasses critical attitudes toward postmodernity, postmodern philosophy, postmodern art, and postmodern architecture. Postmodernism is
Criticism_of_postmodernism
Theory of discrimination
empowerment and oppression. Intersectionality arose in reaction to both white feminism and the then male-dominated Black liberation movement, citing the "interlocking
Intersectionality
Branch of feminism centered in non-Western cultures
Postcolonial feminism is a form of feminism that developed as a response to feminism focusing solely on the experiences of women in Western cultures and
Postcolonial_feminism
Some well known postmodern novels in chronological order: Steppenwolf (1927) by Hermann Hesse Orlando: A Biography (1928) by Virginia Woolf The Sound and
List_of_postmodern_novels
Ideology that seeks liberation from economic and cultural sources of women's oppression
(1994). Feminism and postmodernism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-1488-2. Hennessy, Rosemary (1997). Materialist feminism: a reader
Socialist_feminism
feminism) - Pornography, feminist views on - Pornography Victims Compensation Act - Portrayal of women in comics - Postcolonial feminism - Postmodern
Index_of_feminism_articles
American novelist and playwright (1947–1997)
Poetry portal LGBTQ portal Biography portal Postmodern feminism Radical feminism Sex-radical feminism Punk literature Riot grrrl Post-structuralism
Kathy_Acker
Subgenre and period of rock music
definition for postmodern feminism by political theorists Carolyn Dipalma and Kathy Ferguson. Haddon proposes definitions in relation to postmodernism, noting
Post-punk
American feminist and queer philosopher (born 1956)
to violence, exclusion and oppression. Postmodern feminism's major departure from other branches of feminism is perhaps the argument that sex is itself
Judith_Butler
Feminist movements and ideology
Scattered Hegemonies: Postmodernity and Transnational Feminist Practices, which situated transnational feminism among other theories of feminism, modernity, and
Transnational_feminism
Type of feminism
Materialist feminism is a theoretical current of radical feminism that was formed around the French magazine Questions féministes. It is characterized
Materialist_feminism
Perspective within feminism
Radical feminism is a perspective within feminism that calls for a radical re-ordering of society in which male supremacy is eliminated in all social
Radical_feminism
American feminist philosopher and theologian (1928–2010)
mark of politically liberal, rather than politically radical or postmodern, feminisms. Daly's argument was that the equality framework serves to distract
Mary_Daly
Social movement
Fat feminism, often associated with "body-positivity", is a social movement that incorporates feminist themes of equality, social justice, and cultural
Fat_feminism
Main branch of feminism
Liberal feminism is a main branch of feminism defined by its focus on achieving gender equality through political and legal reform within the framework
Liberal_feminism
Ideology opposing feminism
Antifeminism or anti-feminism is opposition to feminism. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, antifeminists opposed particular policy proposals
Antifeminism
other sexual issues. The debate pitted anti-pornography feminism against sex-positive feminism, and the feminist movement was deeply divided as a result
Feminist_views_on_sexuality
Australian philosopher (1927–1994)
prevailing academic orthodoxy. He was known for his critiques of postmodernism, feminism, and multiculturalism. His work in philosophy of science included
David_Stove
Type of feminism
on global feminism (such as feminism in Sweden, feminism in India, feminism in Mexico, feminism in Japan, feminism in Germany, and feminism in South Africa)
African_feminism
Film genre
a classification for works that articulate the themes and ideas of postmodernism through the medium of cinema. Some of the goals of postmodernist film
Postmodernist_film
Period of feminist activity, 19th and early 20th centuries
First-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred during the 19th and early 20th century throughout the Western world. It
First-wave_feminism
Marxist feminism is a philosophical variant of feminism that incorporates and extends Marxist theory. Marxist feminism analyzes the ways in which women
Marxist_feminism
American feminist scholar
Consciousness in the Postmodern World', Sandoval emerged as a significant voice[among whom?] for women of color and decolonial feminism. Sandoval was born
Chela_Sandoval
Academic journal
variety of schools of thought into legal scholarship (such as postmodernism, feminism, queer theory, critical race theory, literary approaches to law
Law_and_Critique
Prejudice or discrimination based on a person's sex or gender
century feminist movements, from liberal feminism and radical feminism to standpoint feminism, postmodern feminism and queer theory, have considered language
Sexism
Group of bogus academic papers (2018)
liberal feminism from the arena of legislative change and into the territory of reshaping discourse. She argued that these fields adapted postmodernism to
Grievance_studies_affair
Legal theory
" In Postmodern Legal Movements: Law and Jurisprudence At Century's End, 128–48. New York; London: NYU Press, 1995. Scales, Ann. Legal feminism: activism
Feminist_legal_theory
Feminism in France is the history of feminist thought and movements in France. Feminism in France can be roughly divided into three waves: First-wave
Feminism_in_France
American Protestant theologian and seminary president (born 1959)
to Postmodern Theology. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 294–308. ISBN 978-1-405-12719-6. ——— (2001). "Bounded Openness: postmodernism, feminism, and
Serene_Jones
Feminism that maintains femininity and sexuality of women
Lipstick feminism (also known as girlie feminism or girly feminism) is a niche variety of feminism that embraces the coexistence of stereotypical concepts
Lipstick_feminism
American legal scholar
forerunner of legal postmodern feminist theory. Much of her work was collected in the posthumously-published book, Postmodern Legal Feminism. She is the author
Mary_Joe_Frug
Form of liberal feminism
Equity feminism is a form of liberal feminism that advocates the state's equal treatment of women and men without challenging inequalities perpetuated
Equity_feminism
Approach to feminism influenced by ecologist movement
the Boundaries by Mary Mellor Feminism and Ecology by Mary Mellor Ecofeminism as Politics: Nature, Marx, and the Postmodern by Ariel Salleh DeColonize EcoModernism
Ecofeminism
Chronological narrative of the movements and ideologies aimed at equal rights for women
and difference dismantle the idea of monolithic feminism. In her book, Scattered Hegemonies: Postmodernity and Transnational Feminist Practice, Grewel and
History_of_feminism
American academic, LGBT+ activist
known for his book Female Masculinity (1998). His work focuses largely on feminism and queer and transgender identities in popular culture. Since 2017, Halberstam
Jack_Halberstam
Black feminist identity practices
Black feminism is a branch of feminism that emerged in response to the unique social and political forces Black women face as a collective. These forces—racism
Black_feminism
American author and philosopher (born 1950)
Sommers is known for her critique of contemporary feminism. Her work includes the books Who Stole Feminism? (1994) and The War Against Boys (2000). She also
Christina_Hoff_Sommers
other issues. Pornography has been one of the most divisive issues in feminism, particularly in Anglophone (English-speaking) countries. This division
Feminist_views_on_pornography
Theological movement
Postmodern theology, also known as the continental philosophy of religion, is a philosophical and theological movement that interprets Christian theology
Postmodern_theology
Style of theatre influenced by postmodern philosophy
Postmodern theatre is a recent phenomenon in world theatre, coming as it does out of the postmodern philosophy that originated in Europe in the middle
Postmodern_theatre
School of theology
Christian feminism is a school of Christian theology which uses the viewpoint of a Christian to promote and understand morally, socially, and spiritually
Christian_feminism
Support for the cause of feminism
Pro-feminism refers to support of the cause of feminism without implying that the supporter is a member of the feminist movement. The term is most often
Pro-feminism
British academic and writer
discussed." Kirkus Reviews called Unmastered "[a] revealing look at postmodern feminism and its role in female desire through one woman's personal anecdotes
Katherine_Angel
1969 novel by John Fowles
concerns its postmodern literary qualities, with expressions of metafiction, historiography, metahistory, Marxist criticism, and feminism. Stylistically
The_French_Lieutenant's_Woman
Islamic feminism is a form of feminism concerned with the role of women in Islam. It aims for the full equality of all Muslims, regardless of gender, in
Islamic_feminism
as in other countries, feminism seeks to establish political, social, and economic equality for women. The history of feminism in Britain dates back to
Feminism in the United Kingdom
Feminism_in_the_United_Kingdom
Feminism in China refers to the collection of historical movements and ideologies in time aimed at redefining the role and status of women in China. Feminism
Feminism_in_China
Music of the postmodern era
Postmodern music is music in the art music tradition produced in the postmodern era. It also describes any music that follows aesthetical and philosophical
Postmodern_music
Ideology or movement
Trans-exclusionary radical feminism, or gender-critical feminism, by country surveys the development and activities of trans-exclusionary or gender-critical
Trans-exclusionary radical feminism by country
Trans-exclusionary_radical_feminism_by_country
Feminist view on morality
ethics may be lost or seen as inferior. Ethics of care Feminism Feminist ethics Postmodern feminism Hutchings, Kimberley. "Ethics." In Gender Matters in
Feminist_justice_ethics
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